THETHE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES: WRITTEN DURING THE STATES: WRITTEN DURING THE LONG, HOT SUMMER OF 1787LONG, HOT SUMMER OF 1787—“THE MIRACLE AT PHILADELPHIA—“THE MIRACLE AT PHILADELPHIA

A Convention was A Convention was called for in May called for in May of 1787 in the city of 1787 in the city of of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia to to REVISE the REVISE the Articles of Articles of Confederation.Confederation.

55 delegates from 55 delegates from 1212 states attended. (Rhode states attended. (Rhode Island didn’t send any delegates)Island didn’t send any delegates)

A. A. George WashingtonGeorge Washington1.1. President of the Convention- seldom President of the Convention- seldom

participating in the debates participating in the debates 2.2. Presided over Convention—lent “prestige” to the Presided over Convention—lent “prestige” to the

ConventionConvention

B. James Madison B. James Madison 1.1. Known as the Known as the ““Father of the ConstitutionFather of the Constitution””2.2. Brilliant political thinker-Brilliant political thinker- authored VA Planauthored VA Plan3.3. Later Authored much of the Bill of RightsLater Authored much of the Bill of Rights

C. Benjamin Franklin attended—oldest, at 81C. Benjamin Franklin attended—oldest, at 81

““The Players” The Players” (Founding Fathers)(Founding Fathers)

IV. WHAT KIND OF IV. WHAT KIND OF GOVERNMENT DO WE WANT???GOVERNMENT DO WE WANT???

Debates!!!Debates!!!CompromisesCompromises must be made!! must be made!!

1.1. HowHow do we keep the STATES happy? (They didn’t do we keep the STATES happy? (They didn’t necessarily want to get rid of the Articles of Confederation)necessarily want to get rid of the Articles of Confederation)

2.2. How do we determine representation in Congress?How do we determine representation in Congress?3.3. How do we settle the slavery dispute?How do we settle the slavery dispute?4.4. How do we set up this government- separate branches??? How do we set up this government- separate branches???

How many???How many???5.5. How do we divide the power to ensure that no one branch How do we divide the power to ensure that no one branch

becomes more powerful than the others?becomes more powerful than the others?6.6. What are we going to allow the government to be able to What are we going to allow the government to be able to

do? Are there any limits to their power?do? Are there any limits to their power?

Key Issues: Questions to be Key Issues: Questions to be answered!!answered!!

How do we resolve these issues How do we resolve these issues or Find Resolution???or Find Resolution???Federalism:

1) What is it?

2) Provide two examples:• Concurrent Shared- collect taxes, set up courts and make laws • National- coin money , raise an army• States- license, education

Power is divided between the state and federal government

Virginia PlanVirginia Plan Written by James Madison Written by James Madison

presented by Edmond presented by Edmond RandolphRandolph

Scrap the Articles of Scrap the Articles of ConfederationConfederation

Bicameral LegislatureBicameral Legislature 2 Houses; 2 Houses; bothboth based on based on

population (more people, population (more people, more votes)more votes)

Legislative, executive, and Legislative, executive, and judicial branchesjudicial branches

Power to veto State Power to veto State legislatureslegislatures

Able to tax citizensAble to tax citizens

New Jersey PlanNew Jersey Plan (Small State Plan)(Small State Plan) Unicameral systemUnicameral system 1 House, 1 vote for each 1 House, 1 vote for each

State; 13 votes for all State; 13 votes for all measuresmeasures

Legislative, executive, Legislative, executive, and judicial branchesand judicial branches

No vetoNo veto Able to taxAble to tax

The Great CompromiseThe Great CompromiseConnecticut CompromiseConnecticut Compromise

Bicameral legislatureBicameral legislatureSenate- 2 senators from each stateSenate- 2 senators from each stateHouse of Representatives- based on House of Representatives- based on populationpopulationRevenue bills would begin in the HouseRevenue bills would begin in the House

The Three-Fifths Compromise

SOUTHERN States Wanted NORTHERN States Wanted

SOUTHERN STATES SOUTHERN STATES WANTED??WANTED??

Count slaves in Count slaves in determining determining representationrepresentation

NORTHERN STATES NORTHERN STATES WANTED??WANTED??

If slaves were counted in If slaves were counted in representation they representation they should be counted in should be counted in taxationtaxation

THE THREE-FIFTHS THE THREE-FIFTHS COMPROMISECOMPROMISE

For every 5 slaves that would be equal to For every 5 slaves that would be equal to 3 free people. 3 free people.

Us Government Separation Us Government Separation of Powers and Checks and of Powers and Checks and

BalancesBalances1)1) Legislative Branch- Legislative Branch- makes lawsmakes laws

2)2) Executive Branch Executive Branch enforces lawsenforces laws

3)3) Judicial Branch Judicial Branch determines the determines the constitutionality of the lawsconstitutionality of the laws

Legislative Branch Judicial Branch

Executive Branch

6. The U.S. Government is LIMITED (has only the 6. The U.S. Government is LIMITED (has only the powers the powers the ConstitutionConstitution says it has says it has

Next ActivityNext Activity

With a partner you will use the With a partner you will use the Constitution Constitution which is in your text book pages 152-173 which is in your text book pages 152-173 to complete a matrix. The matrix has to complete a matrix. The matrix has several questions, your job is to locate several questions, your job is to locate within the constitution the answer to the within the constitution the answer to the question. You must identify the Article and question. You must identify the Article and Section where you found the correct Section where you found the correct answer. We will do the first one together. answer. We will do the first one together. You will turn this in.You will turn this in.