the community of practices: rice breeding in mekong region
TRANSCRIPT
The community of practices: Rice Breeding in Mekong Region
The Place of Rice in the Lives of the Mekong Region’s People
Rice domestication in the region started in Korat Plateau, northeast Thailand, southwest China and in Myanmar’s Shan State
China, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar are among the top 10 rice producers of the world. Lower Mekong countries of Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam produced over 66 M metric tones of rice in 2002
In 2002, per capita consumption of rice by the regions’ citizens fell between 103 kg (in Thailand) to 169 kg (in Vietnam) and the regions inhabitants derive between 44 and 66 percent of their daily calorie intake from rice alone
Rice farming is associated with tradition and customs of the people in the region
Rice Planting Area in Mekong Region
Rice Planting Area (million
ha)Thailand Myanmar Laos Cambodia
Irrigated 1.84 1.62 0.07 0.20Rainfed Lowland 7.36 3.89 0.49 2.15
Rainfed Upland 0.01 1.46 0.10 0.05
Submergence prone (long
term)0.18 1.13 0.00 0.10
Total 9.20 8.10 0.66 2.50
Popular Rice Varieties in Mekong RegionCountry Variety Name Percent Area Grown
Thailand
RD6KDML105
SPR60RD varieties
RD10others
32281
100.128
Myanmar
ManawthukhaShwe War Htun
Kyaw ZeyaManawhariAyeyarmin
Local varieties
21.610.35.33.93.256
Laos
TDK1TDK5
Phong Ngam1Phong Ngam20thers (local)
4113121024
Cambodia
IR66Kesar
Neang MinhPhka KhneyBanla Phdau
Local varieties
9022222
Major Constraints in Rice Production in the Mekong Region
Submergence : In 2006 0.8 million ha were flooded (500 million $)
Brown plant hopper : In 2010, BPH caused the yield loss up to 1.1 million tons (350 million $)
Drought :In 2004, more than 1.2 million ha of the rice production areas were hit by drought causing the yield loss for 1.83 million ton (370 million $)
Blast : In 2007, blast disease infected rainfed lowland rice causing the yield loss 50-85 %.
Goals of the Mekong Program in Rice Improvement
Stabilize yield of Mekong mega varieties by improving resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses
Improve and maintain grain eating and cooking quality
Strengthen the collaboration in the region by applying biotechnology in rice breeding and developing human resources
Rice Gene Discovery Unit – A Research Hub Genetic Information
QTL/Gene Information Blast BLB Bph Submergence Salinity Drought Rice Quality
Marker Technology SSR SNP Microarray
Rice Gene Discovery Unit – A Research HubGenotyping and Phenotyping Capacity
Laboratory and green house facilityLaboratory and green house facility
Tissue culture room
sequencing
Laboratory section
Server and computer room
Insect culture room
Rice Gene Discovery Unit – A Research HubPhenotyping Capacity
Laboratory and green house facilityLaboratory and green house facility
BPH inoculated box
Green house
Growth chamber
Green house
Seed storage room
Blast and BLB germplasm bank
Phase I: Regional Workshop on Molecular Breeding in Rice for Mekong Region: Line Conversion Using MAS
Funding Agency: Rockefeller Foundation, BIOTEC, Kasetsart University
Duration: 2004 – 2006 Objectives:
Transfer DNA technology and genomic information from RGDU to breeding institutes in the region
Improvement of traditional and/or cultivated rice cultivars by using MAS
Enhance research collaboration between/among institutes in countries in Mekong region
Phase I: Regional Workshop on Molecular Breeding in Rice for Mekong Region: Line Conversion Using MAS
Participating institutes and programs National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute
(NAFRI), Laos Improving aroma and GT in TDK 1 using Hom Nangnuane as donor
Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), Cambodia
Improving aroma, amylose content and GT of CAR3 using Phka Roudul as donor
Department of Agricultural Research (DAR), Myanmar Improving aroma, amylose content and GT of Manawthukha using
Basmati as donor Improving salinity tolerance of Sin Thwe Latt (IR53936) using
Pokkali as donor
Phase I: Regional Workshop on Molecular Breeding in Rice for Mekong Region: Line Conversion Using MAS
Participating institutes and programs Ubon Ratchatani University and Ubon Ratchatani Rice
Research Center, Ubon, Thailand Improving aroma and grain quality of IR57514 using KDML105-
Sub1-Xa21 introgression line as donor Khon Khaen University and Khon Khaen Rice Research
Center, Khon Khaen, Thailand Improving blast resistance in RD6 using from IR64
Naresuan University and Pitsanulok Rice Research Center, Pitsanulok, Thailand
Improving brown planthopper resistance in Chainat 1 using KDML105-Bph3 (Rathu Heenati ) introgression line and KDML105-qBPH12 (Abhaya) as donors
Phase I: Regional Workshop on Molecular Breeding in Rice for Mekong Region: Line Conversion Using MAS
Phase II: Community of Practice “Concept Applied to Rice Production in Mekong Region: Quick Conversion of Popular Rice Varieties with Emphasis on Drought, Salinity and Grain
Quality Improvement”
Funding Agencies: Generation Challenge Program; BIOTEC
Duration: 2007 – 2009 Objectives:
Continuation of line conversion using MAS Validation of introgression lines for target trait
performance, yield and agronomic characters Human resource development Workshop on QTL and marker-assisted selection for plant
breeding
Phase II: Community of Practice “Concept Applied to Rice Production in Mekong Region: Quick Conversion of Popular Rice Varieties with Emphasis on Drought, Salinity and Grain Quality Improvement”
Participating Institutes NAFRI DAR CARDI Ubon Ratchatani University
Phase II: Community of Practice “Concept Applied to Rice Production in Mekong Region: Quick Conversion of Popular Rice Varieties with Emphasis on Drought, Salinity and Grain Quality Improvement”
First workshop – May 2007Second workshop – November 2007Third workshop – May 2008Fourth workshop – April 2009
Knowledge and Technology Transfer - Workshop On Site
CARDI
June 19-20, 2007
DAR
August 20-21, 2007
NAFRI
July 3-4, 2007
Phase III (a): The Community of Practice “Strengthening Rice Breeding Program using Genotyping Building Strategy and
Improving Phenotyping Capacity for Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Mekong Region”
Funding Agency: GCP Duration: 2009 – 2012 Objectives:
Build phenotyping facilities for abiotic and biotic traits in DAR, NAFRI and CARDI
Validate and standardize phenotyping protocol that fits the condition in each country
Conduct phenotyping workshop Asses trait performance through field trials under
research farm and farmer’s field conditions
Facilities for Trait PhenotypingGreenhouse and submergence ponds in DAR
Submergence ponds and BPH facilities for CARDI
Submergence ponds and greenhousefor NAFRI
Phase III (b): Strengthening Human Resource in Mekong Region: Community of Practice for Rice
Breeding with Emphasis on MAS Funding Agency: NSTDA (BIOTEC), Kasetsart
University, Rajamongkol University of Technology Lanna, Ubon Ratchatani University
Duration: 2009 – 2013 Objectives:
Develop human resource by providing scholarship to staffs of DAR, NAFRI, CARDI and UBU
Research funds for MAS (Thailand Rainfed breeding program)
Rice Breeding Program of NAFRI (Laos) and CARDI (Cambodia)
• TDK1 x Homnangnouane
• F1 x TDKI
• BC1F1 x TDK1
• BC2F1
• BC2F2
• MAS
• MAS
• BC2F3
• RF, BIOTEC, KU• 2004-2006
• NAFRI
• GCP, BIOTEC• 2007-2009
• MAS
• BC3F1
• BC3F2
• Field Testing and trait validation of BC3F3• in NAFRI
• MAS
• Nov. 2007
• May. 2008
• Oct. 2008-2009
• May. 2007
• MAS
• BC3F3-Aromatic TDK1 + Submergence
tolerance and blast resistance
• NSTDA, RMUTL,• KU, UBU, NAFRI• 2009-2013
BC3F1
BC3F2
Field Testing and trait validation of BC3F3 in
CARDI
MAS
CAR3 x PRD
F1 x CAR3
BC1F1 x CAR3
BC2F1
BC2F2
MAS
MAS
BC2F4 MAS
BC2F3CARDI
Nov. 2007
May. 2008
Oct. 2008-2009
May. 2007
MAS
RF, BIOTEC, KU2004-2006
GCP, BIOTEC2007-2009
BC3F3-aromatic CAR3 + Submergence tolerance and
brown planthopper resistance of Pkha Romdoul
NSTDA, GCP, RMUTL,KU, UBU, CARDI
2009-2013
Rice Breeding Program of DAR, Myanmar
Pokkali x IR53936
F1 x IR53936
BC1F1 x IR53936
BC3F1
BC3F2
MAS
MAS
BC3F3
DAR
MAS
BC4F1
BC4F2/BC3F5
Field Testing and trait validation of BC4F3/BC3F5
in DAR and multi-location trials
MASNov. 2007
May. 2008
Oct. 2008-2009
May. 2007
MAS
MAS
RF, BIOTEC, KU2004-2006
GCP, BIOTEC2007-2009
BC3F6-salinity tolerant IR53936 + submergence tolerance + aroma and
cooking quality
BIOTEC, GCP, RMUTL,KU, UBU, DAR
2009-2013
Manawthukha x Basmati
F1 x MNT
BC1F1 x MNT
BC2F1 x MNT
BC3F1 x MNT
MAS
MAS
BC4F1
RGDU
MAS
BC4F2
BC4F3
Field Testing and trait validation of BC4F4
in DAR and multi-location trials
MASNov. 2007
May. 2008
Oct. 2008-2009
May. 2007
Genome scan and trait validation
MAS
RF, BIOTEC, KU2004-2006
GCP, BIOTEC2007-2009
BC4F4-aromatic Manawthukha + bacterial leaf
blight resistance
BIOTEC, GCP, RMUTL,KU, UBU, DAR
2009-2013
Rice Breeding Program of ThailandKD571-77 x IR57514
F1 x IR57514
BC1F1 x IR57514
BC2F1
BC3F1
MAS
BC3F1
UBN
MAS
BC3F2
BC3F3
Field Testing of BC3F4 in RGDU
MASNov. 2007
May. 2008
Oct. 2008-2009
May. 2007
MAS
MAS
Submergence screening
Grain quality test
RF, BIOTEC, KU2004-2006
GCP, BIOTEC2007-2009
Multi-location trials and farmers’ participation in
selection
BIOTEC, GCP, RMUTL,KU, UBU, RGDU
2009-2013
BC3F4-aromatic IR57514 x RD6
Glutinous Aromatic IR57514 + submergence and drought
tolerance
BIOTEC, GCP, RMUTL,KU, UBU, RGDU
2009-2013
Achievements
Under drought stress Under aerobic condition
Performance of IR57514 introgression lines (Sub1 + DT + fragrance + cooking quality) in NAFRI (Laos), DAR (Myanmar) and RD (Thailand) in research stations.
Achievements
Testing of IR57514 introgression lines in submergence pond at DAR, Myanmar
Achievements
Line Grain yield (kg/rai)
RGD07336-MAS-191-B-B 591
RGD07336-MAS-122-B-B 579KDML105 (Thai check
variety) 498
LSD 47
In Thailand, IR57514 introgression lines were tested in multi-location trials (comprising 12 stations) in the north and northeast and showed good performance under condition in the research station.
AchievementsYield performance of aromatic Manawthukha in
different location in Myanmar
Sagaing Mandalay Yangon Bago (East) Ayeyarwaddy Rakh ine AVG Range1 Yn3018-183-1-3-2 4.01 5.23 3.88 4.05 2.90 4.76 4.14 22 Yn2684-2-5-1-2-1 4.31 5.48 3.43 3.60 2.81 4.03 3.94 53 Yn2744-49-383-2-3 4.19 5.05 4.12 3.21 3.45 3.75 3.96 44 Yn3248-MAS-BC4F2-1124.41 5.38 3.49 3.62 5.42 3.34 4.28 15 Manawthukha 4.51 4.52 4.26 4.05 4.81 2.38 4.09 3
Mean Yield 4.26 5.13 3.84 3.70 3.88 3.65 4.08
Sr. no. EntriesGrain yield (Ton/ha)
Yn 3248-BC4F2-112 CharactersMaturity Days - 137
Plant Height (cm) - 103-117
Productive tillers - 9 - 11
Total grains / panicle - 90 - 117
Fill grain (%) - 88 – 95
1000 grain weight (gm) - 21.4
Yield (Bsk/ac) - 83 - 106
Group - (B)
Milling (%) - 54
Amylose content (%) - 25.8
Eating quality - good
Grain quality - Trans;
Distinct character - smell
Adapted locations -Both of Irrigated and Rainfed lowland
Yield performance of On- Farm trials(2010 WS)
No Entry Name
Yield (tha-1) Mean (tha-1)
Mandalay Ayeyarwaddy
Taninthari
1 Yn 3220MAS 108-2-3-1 2.5 3.9 2.8 3.1
2 Yn 3220MAS 77-2-9-2 2.5 4.1 3.8 3.5
3 Yn 3220MAS 62-2-4 1.7 3.9 2.6 2.7
4 Yn 3220MAS 76-4-1 3.5 4.5 2.5 3.5
5 Sin Thwe Latt 2.6 3.8 2.9 3.1
Mean 2.6 4.0 2.9
Maturity Days - 135
Plant Height (cm) - 88
Productive tillers - 5 - 7
Total grains / panicle - 110 - 126
Fill grain (%) - 84
1000 grain weight (gm) - 35.1
Yield (tha-1) - 2.75 - 4.0
Varietal Group - Emata
Milling (%) - 55.5
Amylose content (%) - 23.49
Eating quality - good
Grain quality - Translucence, wb
Distinct character - tolerance to EC 9 dS/m
Adapted locations -Costal and alkaline salinity areas
Yn 3220-MAS-108-2-3-1 Characters
Maturity Days - 142
Plant Height (cm) - 84
Productive tillers - 5 - 7
Total grains / panicle - 115
Fill grain (%) - 86
1000 grain weight (gm) - 30.2
Yield Yield (tha-1) - 3.5 - 4.0
Varietal Group - Emata
Milling (%) - 50.2
Amylose content (%) - 25.9
Eating quality -Good
Grain quality - Translucence, Slender Long
Distinct character - tolerance to EC 6 dS/m
Adapted locations -Costal and alkaline salinity areas
Yn 3220-MAS-62-2-4 Characters
Messages from DAR
Future Need• Improve human resource
– Biotechnology– Phenotyping
• Mekong network– Exchange of gemrplasm– Exchange of information (diseases and insect pests)
• Seed release to farmers– Strategy to shorten time to release to farmers (community based
trials)– Shorten time for farmer’s adoption– Secured seed production
• Out sourcing for research fund• Strengthening awareness of government support to research
Thank you
ขอบคุ�ณ