INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES

HOLOGRAPHY

THE LATEST

DEVELOPMENTS IN THE

WORLD OF HOLOGRAPHY

THE COMMITMENT

Hologramsserving politics01 History of

holography 02 The legal battle in the world of so called holograms

03

04 05 INFOGRAPHIC

Advancing thehologram

Microsoftacutes bidfor holography

CASE STUDY

History of Holography

01

The discovery of holograms went

unnoticed until the 1960s

ldquoI want to talk about

the Universe as if it were a

hologram As you probably

know a hologram is the

representation of a three-

dimensional object on a two-

dimensional surface similar to a

photographic plate Supposedly

I was represented by a

hologram in one of the first

episodes of Star Trek The Next

Generation I say supposedly

because despite

appearing as

three-dimensional in

the Enterprise space ship the

TV screens in those years could

not and still cannot display

three-dimensional holographic

images This will be the next

technological revolution In that

episode I played poker with

Isaac Newton Albert Einstein

and Commander Datardquo

This is how the scientist

Stephen Hawking started his

presentation in Tenerife in

2014 where he defined

holography in a more attractive

way than any dictionary The

Spanish Royal Academy says

that it is a photographic

technique based on the use of

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

History of Holography

01

The discovery of holograms went

unnoticed until the 1960s

ldquoI want to talk about

the Universe as if it were a

hologram As you probably

know a hologram is the

representation of a three-

dimensional object on a two-

dimensional surface similar to a

photographic plate Supposedly

I was represented by a

hologram in one of the first

episodes of Star Trek The Next

Generation I say supposedly

because despite

appearing as

three-dimensional in

the Enterprise space ship the

TV screens in those years could

not and still cannot display

three-dimensional holographic

images This will be the next

technological revolution In that

episode I played poker with

Isaac Newton Albert Einstein

and Commander Datardquo

This is how the scientist

Stephen Hawking started his

presentation in Tenerife in

2014 where he defined

holography in a more attractive

way than any dictionary The

Spanish Royal Academy says

that it is a photographic

technique based on the use of

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

coherent light produced by

laser The interferences caused

by the reflected light of an

object with indirect lighting are

exposed After being

developed the photographic

plate is lit by laser light

forming the three-dimensional

image of the original objectrdquo

Ordinary photography is

capable of reproducing a two-

dimensional image which is

obtained by focusing the light

reflected by an object on a

photographic plate that records

the intensity of the light it

receives In this way the two-

dimensional map once

developed reconstructs the

image corresponding to the

focused plane However a

hologram is formed by a

confusing scheme of bright

and dark points where all of the

objects optical information is

enfolded with the fundamental

particular feature that each part

of the hologram contains in

turn all the information

captured in the full hologram

When the plate is lit with laser

light the holographic image

appears which reproduces the

object three-dimensionally

displaying the unfolded optical

information

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

Dennis Gabor father of holography

The Hungarian Dennis Gabor who invented the

hologram explained his discovery in simple terms

in this article published in 1948 The purpose of

this work is a new method for forming optical

images in two stages In a first stage the object is

lit using a coherent monochrome wave and the

diffraction pattern resulting from the interference of

the secondary coherent wave coming from the

object with the coherent background is recorded

on the photographic plate If the properly

processed photographic plate is placed after its

original position and only the coherent background

is lit an image of the object will appear behind it in

the original positionrdquo

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Holography according to the

Open Mind article Dennis

Gabor Father of

Holography published by the

Applied Physics professor of the

University of Alicante and

member of the Augusto

Beleacutendez Spanish Royal Society

of Physics took its first steps in

1947 in a laboratory of an

electrical engineering company

where Gabor worked on the

improvement of the electronic

microscope

This instrument increased by

one hundred times the

resolution power of the best

optical microscopes and was

very close to resolving atomic

structures but the systems

were not perfect enough

The limitation was related

to the spherical aberration of

the microscopes magnetic

lenses

To solve this problem Gabor

asked himself Why not take a

poor electronic image but

which contains its lsquototalrsquo

information rebuild it and

correct it using optical

methodsrdquo

He came up with the answer to

this question while waiting to

play a tennis match on Easter

Sunday in 1947 and it involved

considering a two-stage

process In the first stage the

recording he would produce

the interference diagram

between the object electron

beam (object wave) and a

coherent background

(reference wave) that would be

recorded on a photographic

plate

Gabor called this interferogram

hologram from the Greek

lsquoholosrsquo which means lsquothe

wholersquo as it contains the total

information (amplitude and

phase) of the object wave

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In the second stage the

reconstruction he would lit the

hologram with visible light

rebuild the front of the original

wave and would be able to

correct it using optical methods

to obtain a good image

Thus the physical principles of

holography are based on the

wavelike nature of

light and interference (in the

recording stage)

and diffraction (in the

reconstruction stage) Gabor

spent the rest of the year

working on his lsquonew

microscopy principlersquo

Giving up

Around 50 articles on Gabors

technique were published

in the 1950s

However only small and blurry

images were achieved

Researchers lost interest for two

reasons

First the impossibility of

obtaining optimal results when

they applied the electronic

microscope method and

second the hologram

reconstruction stage which was

imperfect

Gabors method generates a

hologram on an axis whose

quality is poor due to the

overlapping of the virtual image

and the real or combined

image When gazing at the

virtual or real image another

unfocused image always

appears as a background

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In 1955 after researching

several optical montages with

the aim of minimizing the effect

of the combined image Gabor

gave up his research

into holography

But as the Spanish scientist

says everything changed in the

1960s The holographic

explosion which originated in

the United States in the early

1970s following the invention

of the laser in 1960 and thanks

particularly to the contributions

by Emmett Leith -who recorded

the first hologram of a three-

dimensional object in 1964-

rehabilitated Gabor who from

being virtually unknown

received the Nobel Prize for

Physics in 1971 ldquofor his

invention and development of

the holographic methodrdquo

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

The companies using technology to

resuscitate the deceased on stage and

screen have run into the long arm of the law

The legal battle in the world of so-called holograms

02

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

In August 2012 Freddy

Mercury was brought to life

again to mark the closing

ceremony of the Olympic

Games held in the British

capital A few months earlier in

Coachella in Indio (California)

Tupac Shakur reappeared

on stage 15 years after being

gunned down in a street in Las

Vegas on the way home from a

Mike Tyson fight With his

companions Snoop Dogg and

Dr Dree ndashboth livingndash he once

again performed in a concert

Next year in 2016 the

American singer Whitney

Houston ndashwho died four years

agondash is also expected to

reappear on the same

Californian stage

The business fever around the

world of these misnamed

holograms appears to be

limitless As explained in this

article published in El Paiacutes ldquoThe

public in general and the press

in particular like to call it a

hologram although this is a

misnomer () The device is

conceived more like the

theatrical trick invented by the

chemist John Henry Pepper

which was used in 1862 in the

play by Charles Dickens

entitled The haunted man

There the deception was

achieved with a pane of glass

on which was projected an

image reflected from a mirror

offstage Now the heavy pane

of glass has been replaced by

an invisible screen This is

placed with an inclination of

45deg and offers the very vivid

impression that the artist is

really performing liverdquo

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Whether or not its called a

hologram theres no question

that the craze is far from over

And it continues to move

money The Greek

multimillionaire Alki David ndash

whose company Hologram USA

specializes in reviving

celebritiesndash has already invested

15 million dollars In a small

room in Beverly Hills you can

see Michael Jackson Ray

Charles Mariah Carey Mick

Jagger and Sinatra He also

makes the real-life Julian

Assange and Edward Snowden

engage in a lively conversation

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015

And although at the start it

looked like holograms were

going to feature prominently in

concerts in US and European

capitals their costndash the two

songs by the rapper Tupac cost

around 400000 dollarsndash and

the legal battle launched by two

companies in the sector have

quelled the entertainment

sectors holographic fever

Days before the Billboard Music

Awards ceremony in 2014

which was expected to feature a

hologram of Michael Jackson

the owners of the technology

used to digitally revive the

rapper Tupac Shakur asked the

American law courts to ban the

use of their techniques to

project a hologram of the King

of Pop Hologram USA Inc and

Musion Das Hologram Ltd sued

Jacksons heirs arguing that

they were the patent holders for

the technology that creates the

3D images and projects them

onstage to look like theyre

actually performing alongside

other live musicians

This was not the first legal battle

in the world of holograms

Hologram USA also sued the

Cirque du Soleil and MGM

Resorts International for their hit

show entitled Michael Jackson

ONE in Las Vegas The show

included a presentation of a

digital version of Jackson which

the company claims is an

unlawful use of their

technology

The legal battle in the world of

holograms has only just begun ndash

a battle fought by the living who

want to revive if only for a few

minutes the dead

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

03Hologramsserving politicsHolography is now part of political

campaigns in the United States and India

How to be in 140 political rallies

at once India the second most

populated country on the

planet with 12 billion people

has seen how Narendra Modi

took advantage of the

possibilities that holograms

provide to his political career

Obsessed with social networks

Modi was named prime minister

of India after beating Rahul

Gandhi in May The son of a tea

merchant he knew how to use

technology to put an end to the

Gandhis reign and convince

most of the 814 million voters

To achieve this he hired the

services of the company

Hologram USA run by Greek

multimillionaire Alkiviades

David A success that didnt go

unnoticed by the powers who

want to use the same model to

get closer to citizens

As highlighted by a recent

article in the Washington Post

hologram technology is

reaching the capital of the

United States in hope that

everything its done for the

entertainment industry in recent

years (resurrecting the countrys

most famous artists) can be

replicated in political

campaigns For now no one

has thought of resurrecting

John Fitzgerald Kennedy next

to Barack Obama although in

the country of entertainment

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

projecting realistic copies of

politicians is on the agenda of

all parties whatever side they

might be on

The American newspaper

mentions that Hologram USA

the company specializing in

holographic technology wants

to replicate the Indian

phenomenon in the streets of

US cities Alkiviades David

declared that hes an admirer of

the Republican Senator from

Kentucky Rand Paul and of

Democratic candidate Hillary

Clinton or of any other person

looking to improve their

communication with voters

Jeffrey Taylor managing

partner of USGRI (US

Government Relations

International)- the company

that alongside Hologram USA

is going to use the technology-

and former Congress advisor

noted that the technology

increases interaction between

voters and the presidential

candidates who simply cant

make a physical appearance in

all cities even in crucial states

Were going to be in New

Hampshire with Clinton

explained Taylor

She can make a remote

appearance by means of a

hologram in places that arent

possible to visit due to her

schedule answering questions

in a kind of meeting in a virtual

city hall explained Taylor

The only thing you cant do is

shake her hand he added

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

Criacutetics

There are critics because

people generally want to see

candidates in person and in

their city and however

advanced the technology may

be its not able to achieve that

rdquoHologram technology has to

complement the human

element said Zac Moffatt

digital director of the

Republican Party candidate

Mitt Romney

Neither must we forget that

holographic technology is much

more expensive than online

chat which candidates can do

on Facebook and Twitter But

is the impact on the voter

greater than with Skype or

Google Hangout for example

asks Moffatt

Alkiviades David calculates that

the cost of making holography

a reality in the United States

would be around 6 million

dollars per month

Way over the budget of most

Senator campaigns a

considerable investment even

for White House candidates

Although as the Washington

Post points out the perpetual

desire to make noise in

American politics could

encourage holography in both

Democrat and Republican

conventions which normally try

to outdo each other to attract

media attention

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

With the advances in artificial

intelligence well soon be able

to have holograms of

presidential candidates and

interact with them wrote David

Plouffe who ran Obamas

campaign in 2008 in The Wall

Street Journal

Beyond politics David and

Taylor see other reasons to

improve the technology in

military simulations and

informative sessions or for the

President to be able to

communicate with more

Americans He could be talking

in a sixth grade classroom in

Missouri without the travel and

security expenses

For those who are wary

Alkiviades David is categorical I

think that everything we can

write about it evangelize or

imagine is not sufficient you

dont get the true impact of

what it actually is until you see

it he concluded

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

04

The HoloLens headset is aimed at

businesses and will cost around $3000

Microsofts bidfor Holography

HoloLens is Microsofts bid in the holographic

industry The US companys Holographic project

is a computer called HoloLens augmented reality

glasses that superimpose holograms in the

environment to be able to interact with it

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

HoloLens includes a whole

computer with CPU GPU

sensors and HD screen in

addition to a camera similar to

Kinect to identify what

surrounds us and gestures we

make with our hands or voice

As highlighted by the specialist

magazine Xataka everything is

wireless and operates

autonomously

Xataka also highlights that The

future of Windows is

holographic and spectacular

thanks to the HoloLens Project

and it explains that it makes it

possible to project windows in

the middle of the real elements

of our environment we can

have an application that plays

video suspended against our

couch where we rest or a

Skype conversation elsewhere

in the room

It adds But the idea is not

limited to creating flat windows

in the middle of the room it

can create vivid 3D objects

which we can surround and

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

and interact from different

points that an object with

dimensions has

This last part is the essence of

the HoloLens Project

The New York Times is more

critical of the experience The

journalists from the American

newspaper attend a

demonstration ldquoon a HoloLens

application that it had created

with Volvo Cars the Swedish

carmaker They relate The

demonstration took place in a

large room made to look

something like a minimalistic

Volvo dealership with a large

elevated platform where a

vehicle would normally be on

display

The platform had nothing on it

but if you had a HoloLens

headset on a digital

representation of a Volvo S90

a new premium sedan

materialized (The car will be

introduced in physical

form at an auto show in

Detroit in January)rdquo

And what do they think about

the experience With HoloLens

on you could walk around the

sedan to look at the car from

different angles In another part

of the room the headset

projected a video of the car on

a road to simulate the vehiclersquos

autonomous driving features

A toy car-size version of the

S90 appeared on a pedestal its

collision-detection sensors

lighting up for a person who

wore a HoloLens and circled

around the car

HoloLens has a narrow field of

view the portion of onersquos vision

on which it can project digital

images Imagine a small

rectangle suspended several

feet in front of your eyes a

shape that travels wherever you

turn your head That is the

HoloLensrsquos canvas HoloLens

doesnrsquot project anything into a

subjectrsquos peripheral vision or

above or below that rectanglerdquo

For critics The experience is

much less immersive than that

of a virtual reality headset like

the Oculus Rift which envelops

onersquos vision with imagery

blocking the view of the

physical world

Itrsquos a bit like the difference

between looking at an IMAX

screen and at a 36-inch

television set

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

Microsoft meanwhile defends

itself Scott Erickson a senior

director of HoloLens in

the US company explained that

developers and other potential

customers of the headset

should not be intimidated by its

field of view

We must also not forget

that HoloLens is focusing

mainly on business and

education applications The

latest version of the headset

which will be available in the

first quarter of next year will

cost $3000

Proof of this is the experience

described with Volvo which

plans to start using HoloLens in

2016 to improve the shopping

experience of their cars for their

customers

Customers should be able to

use HoloLens to see what the

car would be like in a certain

color and with an accessory

package other than those in

stock

A step further with the

technology but insufficient

As Volvo also noted If you

want to see the car feel the

car the physical experience

will not disappear

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

05INFOGRAPHIC

Holograms are three-dimensional images that are used on

credit cards DVDs and CDs to prevent counterfeiting The

larger ones have also been used in the entertainment industry

Advances in holographic technology

Compartir en Pinterest

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Brief History

He invented the wavefront

reconstruction technique using the

principles of diffracction

1947 Dennis Gabor

He presented the ldquoLippman photographrdquo

that enabled a photographic plate to

record the color on a picture

1891 Grabriel Lippmann

He tried to creacuteate 3D

images using Lippmanacutes

technique

1958 YN Denisyuk

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

100

92

The hologram possibilities soared with

the advent of laser which was invented

bythis russian

1962 C Townes Hakd

He made reflections hologramas for the

first time using thick emulsions to obtain

quite high diffraction efficiency

1962 YN Denisyuk

He made the 2imagerdquo

holograms also know as

rainbow holograms

1968 Benton S A

Brief History

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

Radio Corporation of America

made the first attempt to market

holograms

1970 RCA

He published the first outstanding

results for repication making

holograms accesible to the public

1974 Bartolini

Brief History

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

Holography is a photographicprocess that uses lenses and mirrors to direct and focus a laser beam Laser light is useddue to its properties spatialand temporal coherence (light that travels in a ordelymanner) and alsomonochromatic

How it works

Photographic

plate

Virtual

image

View

Reconstructed

wavefront

Reconstruction

beam

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015

Aplications

Microscopy Information medium

Procesado oacuteptico de informacioacuten Accurate measuring techniques

The entired field of visioacuten is

recorded wich the information

on depth Each hologram can

be analyzed and it is ldquofrozenrdquo

in time

Itacutes user to compare images that

are similar to each other and

only wich differences in small

details

Laser are used to ldquowriterdquo the

information on a photosensible

polymer over the whole storage

meacutediumacutes volume

Double-exposure holographic

interferometry enables very small

changes between the same objets

under diferentes conditions to be

found

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

Aplicaciones

Monitoring Medicine

Anti-counterfeiting- Identification

The objets can be recorded

on a 3D image to examine

all the details

To prevent counterfeiting of important documents

They are ussually rainbow holograms that can be

viewed with White light

Highly realistic high-

resolutions holograms that

can be projected in a system

of mirrors in free space

INNOVATION TRENDS SERIES middot NOVEMBER 2015 middot wwwcentrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

BBVA Innovation Center creates

the Innovation Trends Series

to keep you updated with

cutting edge innovation trends

and their appliance to your

everyday life In this papers you

will find all key facts analysis

case studies interviews with

experts and infographics to

visualize the data that each and

every trend describes

SERIEINNOVATIONTRENDS

share

ANTERIORES NUacuteMEROS

La red ocupa todos los espacios

en el hogar y los negocios

How robots will change our lives This is the first digital

generation

The hour of democratizationof the three dimension

siacuteguenos Sign upTo keep up to date with the latest trends

centrodeinnovacionbbvacomen

BBVA no se hace responsable de las opiniones publicadas en este documento