the combat handbook of caidmarshal.sca-caid.org/pubs/archives/20070516... · web viewthe combat...

Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.Kingdom Of Caid

Combat Handbook 6th edition

The Kingdom of Caid Combat Handbook6th edition

Revised: April, 2006

Forward to the Sixth Edition:

The Combat Handbook of the Kingdom of Caid is a compilation of the Conventions and Standards used by Caid since its inception as a Kingdom and those Rules, Conventions and Standards put forth by the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc. The Standards, Conventions and Rules listed herein will become effective and enforceable upon the publication of this Handbook.

Any observations about the Handbook should be directed, in writing, to the Kingdom Earl Marshal for consideration or comment. Please note that although this Handbook may not be perfect, any “faults” found with the Rules of the Lists, Standards or limitations might prove exceptionally difficult to change as many of these rulings are from Corporate and thus can only be changed by the Society Marshal.

My thanks for assistance in the preparation of this Handbook go to the following:

All the Earl Marshals who have preceded me and put into written and printed word the function of the Marshallate over the course of the SCA's 40 year life. Many thanks and praise for the assistance in rewriting and producing version 6.0 goes to Duke Guillaume de la Belgique, Sir Patrick O’Malley, Lady Mora de Buchanan, Lady Iðuna Breiðrazi and many other members of the populace who have endured my “Hey, what do you think of this?” questions.

Sir Drogo FitzWilliamEarl Marshal of Caid

Dirk V Chamayn II Rex Caidis Regina Caidis

April 22nd, 2006 The Combat Handbook of Caid 6th Edition (4/06) Page 1

The online version of this document is the officially released version from the Caid Earl Marshal. Any copies or print-outs, either full or partial, are not controlled.

Copyright (2006) Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.This document is the official Combat Handbook for the Kingdom of Caid. The Kingdom of Caid is a branch of the Society for Creative Anachronism (SCA), and these combat standards are published as a service to the SCA’s membership. Members of the SCA may copy and distribute this document to other members of the Society so long as copyright credit is given and no changes are made in the text. This is not an official publication of the Society for Creative Anachronism and does not delineate SCA policy.



Table of Contents

FIGHTER SECTION 4

I. COMBAT AUTHORIZATION REQUIREMENTS 4A. General 4B. Non-Contact Authorization 6C. Minor Authorization 6

II. RULES OF THE LIST 8III. CONVENTIONS OF ARMORED COMBAT 11

A. General 11B. Appearance on the Field 13C. Additional conventions of Tournament Combat 15D. Additional Conventions of Melee Combat 16E. Additional Conventions of War Combat 17F. Additional conventions of Combat Archery and Thrown Weapons. 19

IV. THE USE OF WEAPONS AND SHIELDS 20K. ACTIVE USE 21

V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF BLOWS 22A. General 22B. Standard SCA style. 24C. Counted-Blows Style 25

VI. ARMOR REQUIREMENTS 26A. Armor Construction 26B. Shields 30C. Visual Summary of Requirements 31

VII.WEAPON STANDARDS 32A. General 32B. Rattan Swords 34C. Siloflex Swords 34D. Mass Weapons 35E. Polearms 36F. Great Swords 36G. Rattan Spears 37H. Fiberglass Spears 38I. Combat Archery 39J. Thrown Weapons 44K. Siege Warfare 46L. Other weapons 47M. Weapon Summary Chart 48N. Non Contact Participants 49



MARSHAL’S SECTION 50

I. TYPES OF MARSHALS IN CAID 50A. Field Marshals 50B. TERRITORIAL MARSHALS 53C. NON-ADMINISTRATIVE MARSHALS 54

II. PROCEDURES FOR THE AUTHORIZATION OF MARSHALS 56E. MARSHAL 56F. SENIOR MARSHAL 58G. SENIOR SIEGE MARSHALS 59H. REGIONAL MARSHALS 59I. RE-AUTHORIZATIONS 59J. MEMBERSHIP REQUIREMENT 59

III. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A MARSHAL 59IV. CONVENTIONS OF MARSHALING 61V. BEING THE MARSHAL-IN-CHARGE 63VI. CONCERNS ABOUT MARSHALING COMBAT INVOLVING MINORS. 64VII.PROCEDURES FOR MARSHALING WARS AND MELEES 64VIII. DETERMINANT MARSHALING AT WARS AND MELEES 66IX. BEFORE THE WAR 66X. PROCEDURES FOR MARSHALING MISSILE COMBAT AND SIEGE WARFARE 67XI. COMBAT INJURY PROCEDURES 68XII.COMBAT AUTHORIZATION PROCEDURES 69

C. New Fighters 69D. Authorizing Minor Fighters for Armored Combat 72E. Re-Authorizations 74

XIII. EQUIPMENT INSPECTION GUIDELINES 74A. General Information 74B. Sample Armor Inspection 74C. Sample Weapon Inspection 76

XIV. EXPERIMENTAL WEAPONS AND MATERIALS PROCEDURES 78XV.PROCEDURES FOR GRIEVANCE AND SANCTIONS 78

A. General Problem Solving 78B. Grievance Procedures 79

APPENDIX-A: Definitions 83APPENDIX-B: CONTENTS FOR A TERRITORIAL MARSHAL'S QUARTERLY REPORT: 86APPENDIX-C: REQUIREMENTS FOR MARSHALS AND ERIC SIZES: 87TOURNEY REPORT FORM 88INJURY REPORT FORM 89WARRANT OF APPOINTMENT TO OFFICE 90Minor's Waiver and Informed Consent to Participate in SCA Combat 91Medical Authorization for Minors 92



INDEX (In Process)93



FIGHTER SECTIONBecause of the significant changes to these rules from version 5 all authorizations must be renewed within two years of the adoption of this rules set (by 04/22/2008). Fighters failing to renew under the procedure outlined in XII.E of the Marshals Section of this handbook (pg. 74) will have their authorization revoked until such time as they can authorize as a new fighter.

I. C OMBAT AUTHORIZATION REQUIREMENTS

A.G eneral

1. All persons who wish to participate in SCA combat activities in the Kingdom of Caid must authorize under the Society and Kingdom of Caid authorization procedures. SCA combat activities are defined as armored combat, period fencing, combat archery, marshaling, scouting, and banner bearing in combat. Other activities clearly falling within the scope above are also considered combat-related activities; in Caid this includes Unarmored Combat, Siege Engineer and the 16-17 year old division of Youth Combat. In addition, for record keeping purposes, Equestrian, Target Archery, Thrown Weapons (live steel) and the rest of the Youth Combat divisions will be authorized to participate and issued a Caid Combat Authorization card. Said additional, “non combat”, authorizations may be no more than just collecting the data required for the Marshallate database.

2. All those authorizing combatants for participation in SCA combat-related activities shall verify the candidate is familiar with the following:

a. Rules of the List of the SCA and the Kingdom of Caid.

b. The Armor and Weapon standards of the SCA and the Kingdom of Caid.

c. The Conventions of Combat for the SCA and the Kingdom of Caid.



3. In addition to the above requirements, the candidate must demonstrate that they are able to function on the field in a manner that is safe for everyone on the field.

4. Only a warranted Senior Marshal may be in charge of an Authorization. This Marshal must witness the Authorization and on successful completion of the authorization fill out the authorization form and ensure the authorization is registered with the Minister of the Lists.

5. No authorization card may be issued until a properly completed Waiver is filed with the Kingdom. Being an officer of the SCA and a representative of the Kingdom, Senior Marshal’s shall be able to issue an authorization card.

6. Authorizations shall be registered with, and kept on file by, the Minister of the Lists. This office shall be responsible for keeping properly completed waivers and issuing combat authorization cards as replacements or if not issued by the authorizing marshal. In addition to maintaining the registration of authorizations, this office shall provide the Earl Marshal with a list of all current Authorization Cards upon request.

7. Waivers for SCA combat related activities shall be kept on file for seven (7) years.

8. Combat authorizations may be issued for a period of up to, but not exceeding, four (4) years. Authorization cards will expire on the participant’s date of birth.

9. The following activities require authorization in the Kingdom of Caid for Armored Combat.

a. One Handed Weapons

b. Two Handed Weapons

c. Combat Archery

d. Siege Engineer

e. Marshal

f. Senior Marshal

g. Senior Siege Marshal



h. Regional Marshal

See the appropriate additional handbooks for authorizations specific to other combat forms.

10. Authorization cards shall not be issued to persons residing in other kingdoms unless such persons are defined as subjects of Caid by specific royal treaty.

11. For visitors and guests valid authorization cards shall be accepted from outside the Kingdom of Caid as proof of authorization. Those staying in Caid more than 6 months must authorize under Caidan rules.

12. The Sovereign or The Earl Marshal of the Kingdom of Caid may revoke the authorization card of any other kingdom for just and stated cause.

B.N on-Contact Authorization

1. There are NO non-contact combatants in Caid. Combat Archers are full contact participants and other combatants wishing to participate in scouting or banner bearing must authorize in a weapons form.

C. M inor Authorization

1. Minors (16 to 17) may authorize with these additional requirements:

a. No person below the age of 16 may be authorized in armored combat or as a MiT.

b. No person below the age of 18 may be authorized as a Marshal, or Senior Marshal. Nor shall they be warranted as a Territorial Marshal or the Marshal-in-Charge of an event.

c. The parents or guardians of the minor must witness SCA Armored Combat, discuss with a witnessing marshal how it relates to the participation of their child, and execute a “Minor’s Waiver and Informed Consent to Participate in SCA Combat-Related Activities”. The witnessing marshal must be at least a Senior Marshal and must countersign the waiver.

d. The Earl Marshal, a Regional Marshal or a designated Deputy must be the one to approve the minor for all SCA Combat-Related Activities, including practice.



e. At any event in which the minor is involved in SCA Combat-Related Activities the minor must either have a parent, court-appointed guardian of the minor or adult designated on the “Medical Authorization for Minors form” present and in possession of the “Minor’s Waiver and Informed Consent to Participate in SCA Combat-Related Activities”. If the adult designated on the “Medical Authorization for Minors form” is present they must be in possession of the “Medical Authorization for Minors form”. Said “Medical Authorization for Minors form” must designate them as able to authorize medical treatment for the minor in the case of an emergency. It is advised that both forms be notarized. This is not a Marshallate requirement, only an acknowledgement of the legal environment we live in.

f. No minor may enter into any combat-related activities; including practice, until the Earl Marshal, Regional Marshal or designated Deputy has ensured that the above requirements have been met. Once met, the minor may begin to practice. The parent, court-appointed guardian of the minor or adult designated on the “Medical Authorization for Minors form” must ensure:

i. That they are present and watching the combat,

ii. That the properly completed “Minor’s Waiver and Informed Consent to Participate in SCA Combat-Related Activities” is present and available. If the parent or court-appointed guardian is not present, then that the “Medical Authorization for Minors form” is also present and available.

g. Once the parents or court-appointed guardians feel that the minor is properly trained, the minor must be authorized to compete by the Earl Marshal, a Regional Marshal or a designated Deputy. (See Marshal’s section XII.D.) A properly completed “Minor’s Waiver and Informed Consent to Participate in SCA Combat-Related Activities” must be sent to the Lists Minister along with the authorization paperwork.



II. R ULES OF THE LIST

The basic rules for SCA combat are contained in the Rules of the Lists. These Rules, however, do not specifically cover non-tourney field activities such as wars, war archery, and period fencing. In practice, the Rules have been extended to cover these activities, with the observance of honor and chivalry being the overriding element, along with the safety of the combatants. The following is intended to bring together the appropriate rules for conducting both tourney field combat and other SCA combat activities.

A.T he Rules of the Lists are reprinted from section IX.B. of the Corpora of the SCA.

1. Each fighter, recognizing the possibilities of physical injury to him or herself in such combat, shall assume unto him or herself all risk and liability for harm suffered by means of such combat. No fighter shall engage in combat unless and until he or she has inspected the field of combat and satisfied him or herself that it is suitable for combat. Other participants shall likewise recognize the risks involved in their presence on or near the field of combat, and shall assume unto themselves the liabilities thereof.

“Other participants” include Marshals, and also support personnel whose activities bring them close to fighting in a situation where boundaries are not clearly defined. Heralds, List Pages, and similar officers who leave the field entirely before combat begins are exempt from this requirement, as are Water-Bearers and Chirurgeons who remain in fixed support points outside the tournament field or battle area. Water-Bearers and Chirurgeons who take part in mobile support groups within the overall boundaries of a battle area must receive a basic orientation in field safety, and sign a proper Waiver.

2. No person shall participate in Combat-Related Activities (including armored combat, period fencing, combat archery, scouting, and banner bearing in combat) outside of formal training sessions unless he or she shall have been properly authorized under Society and Kingdom procedures.

Fighters are required to sign in at Lists with proof of authorization prior to start of combat at an event. Lost authorization cards can be replaced by a Lists Officer. For an event without a Lists official present, fighters must be able to show proof of authorization to a requesting marshal.

Any fighter caught using a weapon that they are not authorized to use, at any Society event other than practice, shall be immediately banned from the field until the Marshal-in-Charge can review the situation.



The Sovereign may not simply grant an authorization, unless the recipient has successfully completed the authorization process as delineated in Society and Kingdom law.

The site waiver must be signed at each event unless you possess a BLUE, SCA membership card (which indicates such a waiver is on file).

3. All combatants must be presented to and be acceptable to the Sovereign or His or Her representative.

When not otherwise directed by the Sovereign, the Sovereign's representative upon the field and in all matters dealing with Society combat is the Earl Marshal and by delegation, members of the Kingdom Marshallate.

4. All combatants shall adhere to the appropriate armor and weapons standards of the Society, and to any additional standards of the kingdom in which the event takes place. The Sovereign may waive the additional kingdom standards.

Caid’s rules and conventions of Armored Combat are based on the SCA rules and conventions of Armored Combat. They are in places stricter than the SCA’s version. The Sovereign can waive or modify any rule so long as the result does not conflict with established SCA minimums, or creates a safety issue in the opinion of the Earl Marshal. The Earl Marshal has final say, even over the Sovereign, where a safety issue exists.

5. The Sovereign or the Marshallate may bar any weapon or armor from use upon the field of combat. Should a warranted Marshal bar any weapon or armor, an appeal may be made to the Sovereign to allow the weapon or armor.

All fighters shall have their weapons, secondary weapons, shields and armor inspected by an authorized Marshal before they begin combat. If a fighter regards an opponent’s weapon or armor as unduly dangerous to face, they can request the Marshal of the field to re-inspect the item. All judgments of armor and weapons can be appealed through the marshals present, up to the Sovereign. Judgment made by the Sovereign may not be appealed during the current reign. The Sovereign may not permit the use of weapons banned or not approved by the Society Earl Marshal. Non-standard construction materials may only be approved, in accordance with published SCA standards, by the Sovereign, Kingdom Earl Marshal, Regional Marshals or the Kingdom Earl Marshal’s appointed deputies.

6. Combatants shall behave in a knightly and chivalrous manner, and shall fight according to the appropriate Society and Kingdom Conventions of Combat.



This is the basic sportsmanship rule for the SCA. Any fighter that, in the judgment of the Marshals, is fighting in an unchivalrous manner, or appears to be unsafe on the field, may be barred from participating in the lists (wars, demonstrations, melees, practice, etc.) until such time as the Earl Marshal or Sovereign can investigate the incident. A fighter should never intentionally take advantage of an opponent's accidental disability. A fighter does not strike the helpless, nor does a fighter seek to harm an opponent intentionally. A chivalrous person does not behave in such a manner that their honor could reasonably be called into question. Fighters should act honorably and courteously toward all, both on and off the field. Engaging in any Society combat activity with the deliberate intent to inflict bodily harm to an opponent is strictly forbidden.

7. No one may be required to participate in combat-related activities. Any combatant may, without dishonor or penalty, reject any challenge without specifying a reason. A fight in a tournament list is not to be considered a challenge and therefore may not be declined or rejected without forfeiting the bout.

No one is required to engage in SCA combat should they prefer not to do so.

8. Fighting with real weapons, whether fast or slow, is strictly forbidden at any Society event. This rule does not consider approved weaponry that meets the Society and Kingdom standards for traditional Society combat and/or Society period rapier combat, used in the context of mutual sport, to be real weaponry.

Since fighting with real weapons is forbidden at any Society prevent, threatening the use of such weapons is likewise expressly forbidden. At the discretion of the Sovereign and the Marshal-in-Charge, recognized experts may be permitted to present choreographed demonstrations with real weapons under strictly controlled conditions. Posing for still photographs with real weapons is permitted. No one may wear any real weapon onto the field while participating in combat or present during combat.

9. No projectile weapons shall be allowed and no weapons shall be thrown within the Lists of a tournament. The use of approved projectile weapons for melee, war or combat archery shall conform to the appropriate Society and Kingdom Conventions of Combat.

The prohibition on thrown weapons refers to weapons in combat, or thrown in a hostile manner. It does not apply to “tossing” as a gentle, short-range method of transferring or removing a tournament weapon or item from the Lists or area of combat. The use of archery, firearms, slings, javelins, throwing axes, throwing knives, or any other projectile is forbidden within Tournament Lists, or in any other situation where spectators cannot be separated from the potential



line of fire by at least the minimums established in the Combat Archery Handbook. This does not prohibit the holding of tournaments or other competitions using the rules for combat archery to determine the victor.



III. C ONVENTIONS OF ARMORED COMBAT Introduction: All traditional SCA armored combat at SCA tourneys, wars and other events shall be conducted in accordance with the Rules of the Lists of the SCA, Inc., these Conventions of Combat, such weapons and equipment standards, and event rules, as are established by the Marshallate of the SCA, Inc., and by the Marshallate of the Kingdom of Caid. For the Conventions of Combat for other combat forms, see the appropriate additional handbook.

A.G eneral

1. Judging the effects of blows is ultimately the responsibility of the struck fighter. While not recommended, the fighters can voluntarily relinquish the responsibility to the Marshals of the bout. In extreme cases, involving a safety issue as detailed in the Marshal’s section of this handbook, the Marshals can take action.

2. No combatant shall call the results of their shots. I.E. they may not say “you are dead” or “that shot killed you”. The determination of whether and where a weapon hit shall be left up to the fighter being struck by the weapon.

a. This does not mean that a combatant may not clarify a shot. If the opposing fighter asks where and if a shot hit them, the combatant is encouraged to answer their questions.

b. Waving at a fighter after striking them with a weapon, if they appear to be looking for what hit them is allowed.

c. If a weapon does not hit squarely (i.e. glances), hits an area that is not telling for weapons fire (i.e. the hand or below the knee), and/or hit something else before striking the fighter, the combatant is encouraged to let the opposing fighter know.

d. Open communication between fighters is always encouraged. Combatants must remember that the opposing fighters honor is what decides whether a shot was good or not. A quiet conversation about a shot (i.e. ask whether a fighter felt it or if it hits something else first, etc) is preferred, but if not feasible due to the distance involved it may be better to do during a hold or after the battle is over. Remember, if this is done, it should be stated as a question, not a fact (i.e. during that last battle did my shot hit your helm? Or did it hit something else?). Some chitchat before your question, wouldn’t hurt. Keep the conversation courteous. There are times that a shot may look good from your angle, but it wasn’t hard



enough because too much hit their shield first or it glanced, etc. Please keep that in mind.



3. All fighters, prior to combat at each and every SCA sponsored event or fighting practice, shall ensure that their Armor and Weapons are inspected by a warranted member of the Kingdom Marshallate.

4. Even though a warranted member of the Kingdom Marshallate has inspected the armor and weapons used by a fighter, each fighter shall accept full responsibility for the condition of their own equipment. Each fighter has the obligation to themselves, the marshals, and all opponents, to see that their equipment meets all Society and Kingdom requirements.

5. When not otherwise directed by the Sovereign, the Sovereign’s representative upon the field and in all matters dealing with Society Combat is the Earl Marshal, and, by delegation, warranted members of the Kingdom Marshallate.

6. No fighting shall occur without a Marshal present. All list combats or melees must have a Marshal present and attentive during combat. Challenges and warm-ups that involve full-speed fighting must be marshaled by a MiT at the minimum. This can be an authorized fighter that is not involved in any combat and can effectively control the fighting area. It is permissible to perform 1/2 to 3/4 speed warm-ups without a Marshal present.

7. At tournaments, no fighting shall take place outside of the eric. An eric is preferred for demonstrations but not required. At other fighting events and demonstrations without an eric, fighting shall only occur when a clear and safe area around the combatants is maintained. Fighting anywhere without a safety official present or fighting outside of the eric at a tournament will immediately be investigated by the Marshal-in-Charge.

8. Striking an opponent with excessive force is forbidden and considered an unchivalrous act. This act is grounds for investigation by the Marshal-in-Charge and could result in the offender’s combat privileges being suspended.

9. All fighters shall obey the commands of the marshals on the field, or shall be removed from the field and subject to disciplinary action. Disagreements with the marshals on the field shall be resolved through the established mechanisms outlined in the Procedures for Grievances and Sanctions of the Marshallate Procedures of the Kingdom of Caid.

10. Each fighter shall maintain control over their temper at all times.

11. Upon hearing the call of “HOLD” all fighting shall IMMEDIATELY stop.



12. A fighter shall not enter the lists or participate in any form of SCA combat activity while impaired by alcohol or drugs (including, but not limited to: drugs prescribed by a licensed health care provider, over the counter medications, and illegal controlled substances).

13. Any behavior that takes deliberate advantage of an opponent’s chivalry or safety consciousness, or that takes deliberate unfair advantage of an opponent, is prohibited.

14. No fighter shall take deliberate advantage of “loopholes” or seek to gain advantage by willful misinterpretation or reinterpretation of the rules. Where a question about the interpretation of a rule exists, the rule shall always be followed in a manner to which the most “common sense” and safety can be applied to the situation.

15. A fighter shall not deliberately strike a helpless opponent.

16. Intentionally striking an opponent, their weapon or shield with any portion of your body shall result in the offender being declared dead. Occurrences of any type of the above behavior shall be considered grounds for an investigation by the Marshal-in-Charge. Incidental contact that occurs during a charge, or while fighting from a ‘closed’ position is not considered ‘striking’.

17. A secondary weapon that is worn against a fighter's body is not considered effective in blocking blows (i.e. it counts as armor, not shield).

18. There shall be no smoking on the field.

19. Fighters may not intentionally damage, conceal or retain weapons or ammunition in order to remove them from the field of combat.

B.A ppearance on the Field

1. General:

a. The fighter should appear as a reasonable example of a warrior from the SCA's period of study to the casual observer.

b. These rules are to be enforced for all participants on the field, including marshals. Water bearing equipment is specifically exempt from these rules.



c. Marshals are reminded that the intention of the rule is to attempt to improve field appearance while still allowing participants on the field. If someone is borderline in compliance, allow them to participate, but notify them of the issue and request they rectify it.

2. Inspections:

a. Participants will be inspected at the same time as safety inspections and will be asked to sit out if their equipment is deemed unacceptably modern.

b. Damaged covering materials which expose a modern component will be judged unacceptable during the initial inspections held prior to the days combat. Damage that occurs after the inspections will not result in ejection from participation in the combat the inspection covered. Combatants should, however, make a good faith effort to repair such damage as soon as possible.

3. Unacceptable Items:

Unless an item is effectively indistinguishable from its period counterpart, or falls under the exceptions in section 5 below, the following restrictions apply.

a. Undisguised plastic may not be used as a component of any armor, clothing, decorative accessories, weapons, footwear or other item worn or used by a participant in combat in the kingdom of Caid if that component is completely or partially visible to other combat participants or spectators.

b. Uncovered carpet armor, undisguised sports gear, "blue jeans", military type fatigues, obviously-modern footwear, uncovered hockey gloves and all other undisguised equipment clearly "modern" in nature from 10 feet distance are explicitly banned from the field. This also includes items displaying visible commercial logos and bumper stickers.

i. The following guidance is provided for determining acceptable forms of modern footgear:

(i) Leather or leather-look boots, in a color consistent with period practice are acceptable. This includes standard leather combat boots, but would exclude two tone leather/nylon boots.



(ii) Use of borderline acceptable footgear that is of a color that causes it to stand out (from at least 10 feet) from the rest of the armor is not acceptable.

c. Plastic armor or modern sports equipment, whether Kydex, ABS, HDPE etc., foam, pads, footwear, etc. should at all times be covered, unless it can positively contribute to the appearance of a fighter. Such covering must be in a manner to disguise the material in an attempt to display historical pre-17th century armor to the average passerby.

i. If the item in question becomes viewable only in certain body positions (such as the sole of modern shoes while kneeling), that is considered acceptable.

4. Covering:

a. A modern (e.g. plastic materials, modern sports equipment, etc.) component may be used if it is hidden from view, by covering it with opaque covering materials not made of plastic, including but not strictly limited to; leather, metal, textiles with a period appearance and, where appropriate, stone or wood. Tapes, foils, films, transparent or translucent materials and any other inadequate or insubstantial coverings shall not be deemed an acceptable covering material. Paints, stains, and dyes are limited to period-looking usage as a covering material.

b. Covering materials which meet the letter of the law, but violate its spirit, will be banned at the discretion of the Sovereign or Their designated representatives. The spirit of the law includes making a reasonable attempt to recreate the appearance of items that would be used or worn in a melee or tournament in the SCA's period of study.

5. Exceptions:

a. Plastic and other modern materials specifically required to promote safety or those that are medically required are exempt from this ruling. However, every attempt must be made, in good faith, to disguise those items. These items include, but are not limited to: eyeglasses or sports glasses when needed to correct a deficiency of vision, safety glasses, orthopedic footwear, required joint braces, etc.

b. Exposed plastics used to make lamellar, lacquered pieces or other unusual, but documented period designs are permissible only



if the appearance of that item can not be distinguished from its period counterpart and its display embraces the idea of historical pre-17th century armor.

c. Hand protection and shield edges may be made of plastic materials. However, it is the owner’s responsibility to attempt to disguise the appearance of those items to bring them in compliance with the spirit of this rule. Uncovered hockey gloves are forbidden.

d. Duct tape and edge marking tape covering of weapons is explicitly excepted from the ban on the use of tape. Also use of tape for marking of sides in melees is acceptable. The use of duct tape for a field repair of armor will be allowed so long as the failure did not exist at the beginning of the day.

e. APDs, blunts, shafts and hafts based on plastic and modern materials are explicitly acceptable for combat arrows, quarrels and thrown weapons, per Society and Kingdom standards for these items. Visible strapping tape is allowed on combat arrows/quarrels to enable proper inspection of the items.

f. Participants that are residents of another kingdom are to be considered our guests and are exempt from this ruling provided they meet SCA minimum appearance standards. Newly transplanted citizens of Caid are to be granted a reasonable period of time (6 months) to come into compliance with this rule.



C. A dditional conventions of Tournament Combat

1. Any secondary weapon brought onto the lists field shall be declared to the fighter's opponent. By Caidan convention, secondary weapons are presented to the Marshals on the field, who inform the opponent of its presence. If the secondary weapon is not worn or carried onto the field, a fighter may not obtain the secondary without first obtaining the permission of the opponent.

2. Before any bout where a thrusting weapon is used the opponent and marshals shall be informed that such a weapon is on the field, and the thrusting tip shall be shown to the opponent. Blows delivered with an undeclared thrusting tip need not be counted and the marshals will request that the fighter refrain from thrusting for the remainder of the bout. No further thrusts from the fighter shall be counted for the remainder of the bout.

3. If a fighter on their knees falls over or forces the Marshal to call “HOLD” due to becoming “helpless” (and was not pushed) the fight will be stopped, the fighter shall be warned and the fight restarted. If the fighter falls over or forces a “helpless” hold without being pushed a third time, they shall be considered defeated.

A fighter who assumes an extreme backward bend in an attempt to prevent his opponent from closing shall not be considered “pushed over” just because the opponent assumes a stance directly above the reclining fighter. Neither shall a momentary contact with the ground by hand or elbow count as helpless.

When a fight is restarted due to a fighter's falling over, the opponent may choose to remain in the position gained before the fall, they do not have to retreat and re-close.

4. If a fighter drops a weapon one or two times, they will be warned. The fight shall be stopped while the fighter re-arms. If the fighter drops their weapon a third time, the fighter is considered unarmed and shall be considered defeated.

5. If the opponent wishs, rules 3 & 4 may be waived, unless doing so would cause an unsafe situation.



6. If a fighter retreats to the eric's edge such that the Marshals are required to call “HOLD” to prevent the retreating fighter from presenting a threat to the populace, the fight will be stopped, the offending fighter warned and the fighters moved back into the center of the eric. If a fighter retreats to the edge a third time, requiring the Marshals to call “HOLD”, the fighter shall be considered to have “fallen off the edge of the world” and be defeated. Marshals will attempt to warn fighters when they are nearing the edge with a call of “WARE EDGE” but are under no responsibility to do so. It is the fighter's responsibility to know their location in the eric.

When a fight is restarted due to a fighter's retreating to the eric edge, the opponent may choose to remain in the position gained before the hold, they do not have to retreat and re-close.

7. A fighter shall not intentionally position an opponent on their knees such that they face into the sun.

8. A fighter shall not “corkscrew” an opponent on their knees. “Corkscrewing” is defined as circling an opponent to put them at a disadvantage due to being required to turn from their knees. While simply stepping to one side or the other of the opponent as part of a normal offense would not normally be considered “corkscrewing”, remaining positioned for an extended time to one side, past the plane of the knees of the kneeling fighter, would be considered corkscrewing.

D.A dditional Conventions of Melee Combat

1. Unsafe tactical flanking that pushes through or out of the eric will not be allowed and should be treated as if “fallen off the edge of the world.”

2. Rules of Engagement.

a. A fighter has engaged an opponent in combat if any of the following apply:

i. The fighter and opponent have exchanged blows and have not disengaged.

ii. The fighter approaches the opponent from the front, has been noted by his opponent and is within weapon's range.

b. A fighter has disengaged from combat with an opponent if any of the following apply:



i. The fighter retreats out of immediate weapons reach of the opponent, is not pursued and seeks to engage in another combat. This does not apply to the fighters backing off and waiting for a wounded opponent to act out the wounding and get prepared to continue the combat.

ii. The fighter is one of two or more fighters engaged with the same opponent and the fighter retreats out of immediate weapon reach and significantly changes position with respect to the opponent. This does not apply to the normal shifting of position that goes on within range of the opponent but rather to any maneuver that will give the opponent the impression that the fighter has disengaged.

E. A dditional Conventions of War Combat

1. Unsafe tactical flanking that pushes through or out of the eric will not be allowed and should be treated as if “fallen off the edge of the world.”

2. Rules of Engagement

a. A fighter has engaged an opponent in combat if any of the following apply:

i. The fighter and opponent have exchanged blows and have not disengaged.

ii. The fighter approaches the opponent from the front, has been noted by his opponent and is within weapon's range.

iii. The fighters and the opponent are each in a coherent group battle formation and the formations are engaged (note, this can often result in a fighter being struck from the side or behind without being aware of the actual opponent doing the striking - the opponent is none-the-less engaged and within their rights to actually strike a blow.) Even though a fighter is within their “rights” to strike this type of opponent with a normal blow, if possible unaware opponents should be “killed from behind” rather than being stuck a normal blow. Conversely, if an opponent is courteous enough to “kill you from behind” rather than actually striking you, accept the death - don't discourage chivalrous behavior on the part of your opponent.

iv. The fighter is in pursuit of the opponent and that opponent is not more than 3 strides from the point where they were last attacked. If an opponent breaks though a line and succeeds in



getting more than three strides beyond the line without being struck, they are considered disengaged from that formation for the purpose of actually hitting them from behind and may only be “killed from behind” or re-engaged. Should they immediately turn with the intent of killing the formation from behind, any pursuer is considered to be immediately engaged.

v. The fighter is using a missile weapon (bow, crossbow or thrown weapon), regardless of the range to the opponent, or the relative facing of the opponent.

b. A fighter has disengaged from combat with an opponent if any of the following apply:

i. The fighter retreats out of immediate weapons reach of the opponent, is not pursued and seeks to engage in another combat. This does not apply to the fighters backing off and waiting for a wounded opponent to act out the wounding and get prepared to continue the combat.

ii. The fighter is one of two or more fighters engaged with the same opponent and the fighter retreats out of immediate weapon reach and significantly changes position with respect to the opponent. This does not apply to the normal shifting of position that goes on within range of the opponent but rather to any maneuver that will give the opponent the impression that the fighter has disengaged.

3. Killing From Behind

a. Killing an opponent from behind can be accomplished by placing a weapon over the opponent's eye slot (or, for a pole-arm or spear, upon their shoulder) and stating LOUDLY “You are dead from behind, my lord”. For an archer to kill from behind the hand used to perform the kill must be fully armored and the weapon used would be an arrow or bolt.

b. When killing someone in this fashion, it is not acceptable to simply dash down a line yelling “you're dead, you're dead”, etc. You must at least take enough time that your opponent acknowledges your presence (or could have) before attacking another opponent (roughly 2-3 seconds).



4. Striking From Behind

a. It can be dangerous for an unseen opponent to strike a fighter from behind (or blind-side one). It is permitted to actually strike an opponent from behind only when the conditions described in the Rules of Engagement for such a strike are achieved. No other opportunities are allowable for STRIKING an opponent from behind.

b. Fighters must be engaged by any fighters about to strike them. If you are NOT engaged with a fighter, your only recourse is to “kill them from behind”, engage them or wait for them to engage you.

c. If a fighter has their back to you, you are ‘engaged’, and you have the opportunity to “kill them from behind” rather than actually striking them, “killing them from behind” is preferable to actually striking them, unless you are in running pursuit, engaged under the rules above. In that situation only, it is safer to strike them from behind rather than clothesline them by attempting to “kill them from behind”. This can only be done with a swung weapon as thrusting in the same direction you are running is forbidden.

d. In all instances, if you COULD HAVE BEEN STRUCK FROM BEHIND, you should acknowledge the death, whether actually struck or “killed from behind”.

5. Killing and Capturing Opponents on the Ground

a. Should a fighter fall to the ground during a war and can be held at weapons point by an opponent, the fighter on the ground can either be considered killed or be asked to surrender.

b. If surrender is requested and refused, the fighter on the ground can be considered killed without additional blows.

c. To kill someone on the ground you must have them at weapons point and state LOUDLY “You are dead on the ground, my lord.”

d. When killing someone in this fashion, it is not acceptable to simply dash down a line yelling “you're dead, you're dead”, etc. You must at least take enough time that your opponent acknowledges your presence (or could have) before attacking another opponent (roughly 2-3 seconds).



F. A dditional conventions of Combat Archery and Thrown Weapons.

1. All fighters are responsible for the flight of their projectiles unless they are blocked, deflected or otherwise diverted after they have left the fighter. A fighter should always attempt to anticipate the result if a projectile should be dodged by a target, and to be aware of what lies beyond his target. A fighter should not deliberately direct a projectile towards a spectator area. Any fighter that strikes a marshal or other non-combatant with a projectile that has not been deflected or dodged by a target shall be considered dead in that scenario. If the same fighter strikes a marshal or other non-combatant twice at the same event this shall be considered grounds for an investigation by the Marshal-in-Charge. When “HOLD” is called, all archers shall secure their weapons from accidental discharge.

2. Fighters may not grasp, strike or swing at a bow. Fighters may not strike or block with a bow. Fighters may strike any archer that has been properly engaged and has not yielded. Archers are “killed from behind” in the same manner as other combatants.

3. Archers may carry a hand weapon as a secondary weapon, as long as it is secured while they are wielding the bow. Any fighter caught wielding both a bow and hand weapon shall be considered killed. A thowable weapon is not considered a hand weapon unless the archer engages in hand to hand combat with it. An archer may draw and use a hand weapon, so long as their bow is discarded. To discard a crossbow an archer must remove it from the field, hand it to another (who is not wielding a hand weapon, or who may be dead or have yielded and is exiting the battlefield), or place it in a specified safe area of the battlefield designated by the scenario rules. To discard a hand bow an archer may, in addition to the methods listed for crossbow, place the bow upon the ground. A bow recovered from the ground after a battle must be re-inspected by the archer and removed from use if there is any sign of damage. A bow may not be "slung" in any manner. Bows and projectiles given to marshals or dead/yielded fighters are considered removed from the field.



IV. T HE USE OF WEAPONS AND SHIELDS

A.Weapons shall be used in accordance with their design (i.e. spears may only be used for thrusting, axes for striking along the edge of the blade, et cetera). Weapons used are intended to simulate a documented weapon used in period. To the best extent possible, these weapons should realistically simulate the approximate weight, balance and dimensions of the period weapon.

B.Only weapons approved for thrusting may be used for that purpose. All thrusting weapons must be approved by a Marshal prior to use. All thrusting tips shall be visibly marked to indicate the tip in accordance with the weapon specifications. A fighter who thrusts with a weapon that does not contain a thrusting tip, or uses a thrusting tip that does not meet the published minimum requirements, may be banned from fighting by the Marshal-in-Charge. Feinting as if to thrust with a weapon not approved for thrusting is prohibited. Thrusting with any weapon while running in the direction of the thrust is forbidden and will be grounds for an immediate investigation by the Marshal-in-Charge.

C. The blade of a weapon may not be grasped at any time, nor may it be trapped in contact with the fighter’s body as a means of preventing the opponent’s use of the weapon. Neither may the blade of a fighter’s own weapon be grasped to enhance the block. However, catching a blade between one's shield and the ground, another shield, the opponent or an inanimate object is NOT prohibited, nor is a blade considered grasped if it becomes entangled behind one's shield provided no attempt is made to keep it there such as clamping one's elbow against one's side.

D.Wrestling with or grappling the opponent, to include grasping the opponent’s torso, limbs, shield, weapon’s striking surface or blade, is prohibited.

E. The striking surface of a weapon in motion may not be grasped or blocked by the hands or limbs as a means of impeding a blow. Inadvertently bringing the hands in contact with the striking surface of such a weapon when attempting to block a blow with another weapon shall not be considered to be in violation of this convention.

F. Blows repeatedly blocked by a weapon in contact with a fighter’s helm, body or shield at the moment of impact may, at the Sovereign’s or Marshallate’s discretion, be considered to have broken the blocking weapon. This will force a fighter to forfeit the fight, unless a secondary weapon is carried or the opponent chooses to allow the fighter to rearm with another weapon.



G.A shield may be used to displace, deflect, or immobilize an opponent or an opponent’s shield or weapon, so long as such use does not endanger the safety of the combatants. Deliberately striking an opponent’s head, limbs, or body with a shield is forbidden. Incidental, non edge, contact that occurs during a charge is not considered “striking”. Incidental, light, edge contact while fighting from a ‘closed’ position is not considered ”striking”. Shields may be used as weapons (Mah-Du’s, etc) but may not be designed or utilized as ‘punch thrust’ weapons. Control over shield technique is the responsibility of the user and any combatant who consistently strikes an opponent with their shield edge, intentionally or not, may be banned by the Marshal-in-Charge from further use of a shield, until such time as they can demonstrate proficiency.

H.Bows that are struck by any weapon shall be inspected for damage by the user before use. Slung projectiles (quiver or hand thrown weapon, for example) are not considered protection and will not have any effect on the blows of hand to hand weapons or missiles. The projectiles in a quiver that is struck are not considered to have been broken, but should be visually re-inspected by the archer before being used.

I. Arrows, crossbow bolts, and thrown weapons may be blocked by shields, hand weapons, missile weapons, bows and other projectiles (if in flight). Turning your back to a projectile in flight does not negate its effects.

J. Once shot, fiberglass shafted projectiles must be brought to an inspection point between scenarios or during resurrection battles and inspected by a Marshal assigned for the purpose before being reused in combat. Projectiles made with Siloflex equivalent shafts may be recovered and re-shot during a battle after the recovering archer has inspected the projectile for damage. Projectiles may not be recovered during a hold.

K.ACTIVE USE

1. All weapons or shields must be in active use or else they are counted as armor and are ineffective at blocking a blow.

2. A weapon or shield is defined as being in active use when at least one point of control of the weapon or shield is the hand. To avoid confusion any weapon or shield not intended to be currently in active use must be slung or suspended from the body in such a way that it is clearly not in active use.

3. Under this rule a fighter can have two items in active use: two weapons, one weapon (any weapon, including missile weapons) and one shield, or two shields.



L. In armored combat, no combat weapons shall be made of metal.

1. Under no circumstances shall real weaponry be brought onto the field during a combat, by combatants, Marshals, Heralds, or anyone else.

2. No real weaponry shall be drawn in an offensive manner at any Society event.

3. This rule does not prohibit hand guards or pommel weights on SCA weapons. Guards and pommels shall have no protruding points or sharp edges that could cause injury to people or damage to SCA weapons.

4. No metal shall ever be used in the construction of the head of a weapon, with the exception of metal clamps that may be used to construct laminated weapons provided they are covered with at least 1/8” of heavy leather or equivalent and are not used on the striking surface of the weapon.



V.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF BLOWS

A.G eneral

1. When judging the effect of blows, all armored combat fighters are presumed to be fully armored. Special tournaments or combat may be held which may redefine what areas of the body are armored, and to what extent, so long as all the participants are made aware of the special conditions prior to the start of combat.

a. All “fully armored” fighters are presumed to be wearing a hauberk over a padded gambeson, with boiled leather arm and leg defenses and an open-faced iron helm with a nasal. The helm is presumed by Caidan convention to include a chain mail drape, permitting vision and resisting cuts by a light hit of a bladed weapon.

i. Under this standard, an acceptable cutting blow to the face would be the same as to other portions of the head or body.

ii. The areas from 1” above the wrist to the ends of the fingers and from 1” above the knee to the toes shall be considered safe from all attacks provided the fighter does not intentionally place them in the way (i.e. by grasping a weapon haft to pull it down, lifting a leg so that the calf is struck, etc.). Note: for knees, the area just above the knee cop itself would normally be considered LEGAL. If a normally illegal target is intentionally placed in a target zone, striking that area shall be considered a normally incapacitating blow. Inadvertently bringing the hands in contact with the striking surface of a weapon when attempting to block a blow with another weapon shall not be considered to be in violation of this convention.

iii. An acceptable thrusting blow to the face shall be a directed touch that could have reached the face in the absence of actual armor worn and shall be substantially lighter than to other parts of the body. Regardless of the armor actually worn, the face is defined as in the “Target Area” section below. Actual armor worn cannot deflect a shot that strikes the face target area.

iv. Blows must be delivered with effective technique for the particular type of weapon used, and must strike properly oriented and with sufficient force, to be considered an effective, or good, blow.



(i) Hand-thrown weaponry must deliver a similar impact as a typical single-handed sword thrust. If a thrown weapon lands with insufficient force it may be discounted.

(ii) Projectiles must hit point first to count, but are not required to hit with equivalent force to a hand weapon blow to be considered a killing blow. Projectiles which hit squarely, are non-glancing, and are noticed (seen, felt, or heard) by the fighter hit by it should be considered good. Projectiles which glance off a target can be a good hit on a second target if it meets the impact criteria as stated. Projectiles striking the ground shall be considered dead, even if they bounce up and strike a fighter. Projectiles may not be used as thrusting weapons. Arrows and bolts may not be thrown by hand

2. Target Area

a. Torso: All of the body (excluding the head and arms) above the points of the hips including the groin, shoulder blades and the area between the neck and the shoulders will be considered part of the torso.

b. Face: the area between the chin and the middle of the forehead and between the ear openings.

c. Head: The whole head and neck except the face as defined above.

d. Thighs: The leg from one inch above the top of the knee to a line even with the bottom of the hip socket.

e. Hips: Area between the bottom of the hip socket to the point of the hip (iliac crest).

f. Shoulders: From the point of the shoulder down to a line even with the top of the underarm.

g. Arms: From the shoulder to one inch above the wrist.



3. Except as noted above, blows that land outside the legal target areas shall not be counted. Fighters may not intentionally strike areas outside the legal target areas.

4. All fighters are expected to take into account the nature of the weapon being used by their opponent and the location of the point of impact of that weapon when judging the outcome of a blow delivered. Fighters are also expected to take into account the timing of the blow and the collision of the weapon with any other object other than the fighter’s presumed armor.

a. The fact that a blow struck a shield or another weapon before striking the combatant, or broke the striking weapon on impact, may be a reason why the blow was not effective. However, a blow that strikes with sufficient force and proper orientation shall be considered effective, regardless of what it hits prior to, or was dropped after, striking the combatant.

b. Double kills, where each killing blow was started before the other landed, shall normally result in the fight being immediately re-fought.

c. In the event that a fighter has lost their remaining arm while simultaneously striking a killing blow to their opponent, the opponent shall be deemed defeated.

5. Sometimes a blow, which would normally be accepted, occurs at almost the same moment as an event that would cause the fight to be stopped (a “HOLD” being called, the fighter throwing the blow being killed, etc.). If the blow was begun before the occurrence of the event that would cause the bout to be halted, it shall be deemed a legal blow and acceptable if of sufficient force and proper orientation. If the blow was begun after the occurrence of the event that would cause the bout to be halted, it shall be deemed not legal, and need not be accepted.

6. Any fighter may choose to yield the combat at any time.

a. Yielding, whether used in single combat, melee, or war should be executed by dropping to your knees and placing your weapon on the ground or behind your back while yelling, “I YIELD!” As a yielding combatant you should not assume a defensive or combative position. Combatants who stand and raise their hands or hide behind their shield and yield are likely to be struck. It is also suggested that you do not wait until the aggressor(s) is within range to yield, this will likely result in you being struck while yielding.



b. Striking a yielded opponent is grounds for an investigation by the Marshal-in-Charge, and possible disciplinary action up to, and including, revoking combat authorization. Striking a yielding opponent is discouraged and as always, striking a helpless opponent is forbidden regardless if they have yielded or not.

B.Standard SCA style.

1. An effective blow to the head, face, or torso shall be judged fatal or totally disabling, rendering the fighter incapable of further combat. By Caidan convention, a fighter struck in this manner should fall to the ground as if dead. In a melee or war scenario, the fighter should assume a protective position until it is safe to leave the field.

2. An effective blow from a mass weapon, polearm or greatsword, which lands on the hip, or strikes the shoulder, shall be judged fatal or totally disabling. For greatswords, and mass weapons or polearms with sharp edged blades, the inside of the thigh shall be judged fatal or totally disabling as well. As above, a fighter struck in this manner should fall to the ground as if dead. In a melee or war scenario, the fighter should assume a protective position until it is safe to leave the field.

3. An effective blow to the arm will disable the arm. The arm shall then be considered useless to the fighter, and may not be used for either offense or defense.

a. In tournament combat, if a fighter with a single weapon acknowledges a valid blow to the arm, a hold should be called and the fighter allowed to remove a shield and/or change the weapon to their other hand. No single combat should continue with one combatant being unarmed.

b. A combatant using two weapons is not considered to be disarmed when one arm is wounded. In tournament combat, if a fighter using two weapons acknowledges a valid blow to the arm, no hold should be called and the wounded fighter should discontinue the use of the wounded arm.



4. If a wounded arm blocks an otherwise acceptable blow, the blow shall be counted as though the arm were not there. This does not mean a 2nd blow to a previously wounded arm automatically counts as a defeat, the blow would have needed to be able to carry through to a normally killing area.

5. An effective blow to the thigh above the knee will disable the leg. The fighter must then fight kneeling or sitting.

a. The unwounded leg may be raised and weight placed on the foot if the fighter desires, but the wounded leg must have the weight resting on the knee when moving about.

b. If both legs are struck then both knees must remain in contact with the ground and the fighter may not move about. A fighter so struck is still allowed to rise up on the knees.

6. An effective, non-lethal blow to the hip will require the fighter to continue the fight from a kneeling position with both knees in contact with the ground and the fighter may not move about. A fighter so struck is still allowed to rise up on the knees.

7. An additional non-lethal blow to a previously wounded hip or leg has no additional effect.

C. Counted-Blows Style

1. If prepublished in the event announcement, or if mutually agreed prior to lay on, fighters participating in single combat may deviate from the above rules in favor of the counted-blows method of determining a bout.

2. The standard counted-blows style is 3 blows received. Variations of 3, 5, or 9 blows received or thrown are common at Pas d’ Arms themed tournaments. Other variations are possible and will be reviewed on a case by case basis, with safety of the combatants being the foremost consideration.

3. In the blows received style of counted blows any acknowledged effective blow to a legal target area counts as one towards the total agreed on. First fighter to land the required number of blows is victorious.



VI. A RMOR REQUIREMENTS

A.Armor Construction

1. Helms

a. Helms shall be constructed of steel of no less than 16-gauge, or of equivalent material. Be aware that steel of less than .0625 inch (1/16 inch or 1.6 mm) is too thin, even if it is sold as 16 gauge. Alternative materials such as stainless steel, brass, bronze, or like materials are permissible as long as the material is equivalent to 16-gauge steel. (Note also that the mass of the helm is an important part of the protection. No titanium, fiberglass, or other ultra-light materials may be used.) If a spun-metal top is to be used in the construction of the helm, it shall be a minimum of 14-gauge steel. The process of spinning the top thins the metal, thereby requiring a heavier gauge.

b. All joints or seams shall be constructed in one or a combination of the following ways:

i. Welded on the inside and outside.

ii. Welded with a single bead that extends through both surfaces.

iii. Lap joints welded or brazed at the edges of both pieces.

iv. Helms will be riveted with iron or steel rivets no more than 2-1/2 inches (63.5 mm) apart, or with equivalent riveting techniques. Screw and or pop type rivets, along with other lightweight rivets, are not to be used.

v. Welds must be sound and rivets secure.

c. Face guards and all helmet openings (e.g. ear openings, decorative openings, etc.) shall prevent a 1-inch (25.4 mm) diameter dowel from entering into any of the face guard or other openings.

d. The face guard shall extend at least 1 inch (25.4 mm) below the bottom of the chin and jaw line when the head is held erect.

e. Bars used in the face guard shall be steel of not less than 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) in diameter, or equivalent. If the span between crossbars is less than 2 inches, 1/8-inch diameter bars may be used.



f. All visors shall be attached and secured in such a way that there is minimal chance that they will become detached or come open in normal combat use.

g. There shall be NO major internal projections; minor projections of necessary structural components shall be padded. All metal shall be free of sharp edges. Face guard bars or mesh should not attach to the interior of the helm, unless of structurally superior design and workmanship.

h. All parts of the helm that might come into contact with the wearer shall be padded with a minimum of 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) of resilient or closed-cell foam, or shall be suspended in such a way as to prevent injurious contact with the wearer.

i. All helms shall be equipped with a chinstrap or other means of preventing the helm from being dislodged during combat. Some examples of acceptable methods are; a strap from helm to breastplate, a chin cup suspension system or a helm constructed so that it encloses and fastens around the chin. A “snug fit” is NOT an equivalent. The chinstrap shall be at a minimum a 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in width and shall not be placed in the helm in a manner that could strangle the wearer. Any pins that fasten hinged parts of the helm together must remain in place when the helm is held at any angle.

j. No component of a helm shall present a sharp surface that would damage a weapon striking that point (bills, etc.) nor shall any part of a helm be capable of extending more than 1/2” into the grill of a legal helm while worn normally. All edged surfaces on a helm that might be struck with a weapon (bills, ear channels, crests, etc.) shall be no less than 1/4” in width and shall present no square corners.

k. If a helm is lost in combat, displaced such that the wearer's head or neck become exposed to a blow or comes open, the wearer shall immediately be considered defeated and shall present themselves and the helm to the Marshal-in-Charge for inspection before being allowed on the field again.

2. Eye Wear

a. The lens of all eyewear shall be shatterproof industrial safety glass or plastic. Ordinary glass lenses are prohibited. The wearing of contact lenses or “sports glasses” meeting Standard Specification ASTM F803 (Eye Protectors for Selected Sports) is strongly recommended.



3. Neck Armor

a. The circumference of the neck, to include the larynx, cervical and first thoracic vertebrae, of the fighter shall be covered by a minimum of one of the following:

i. The Helm

ii. A plate gorget or gorget of rigid material, lined with at least 1/4” of resilient material.

iii. A mail or leather camail or aventail descending from the helm and extending well onto the shoulders in such a way that it is held away from the neck enough to prevent a strong strike from impacting the protected area. Regardless of how a camail or aventail descends from the helm the cervical and first thoracic vertebrae must additionally be covered by rigid material lined with at least 1/4” of resilient material.

iv. A heavy leather strip that is lined with at least 1/2” of resilient material with an additional flap of rigid material, lined with at least 1/4” of resilient material, covering the cervical and first thoracic vertebrae. Though deemed sufficient, this type of neck protection is discouraged unless rigid material is used to reinforce the throat area.

4. Body, Shoulder, and Groin Armor

a. The kidney area, the short ribs, and the lower spine shall be covered with a minimum of heavy leather worn over 1/4 inch (6 mm) of closed cell foam or equivalent padding.

b. For men, the groin must be covered by a minimum of a rigid athletic cup (e. g., a hockey, soccer, karate, or baseball cup), worn in a supporter or fighting garment designed to hold the cup in place, or equivalent armor.

c. For women, groin protection of closed-cell foam of 1/2” thick or heavy leather or the equivalent is required to cover the pubic bone area. The wearing of a male style athletic cup by female fighters is prohibited. Additional padded protection over the area of the ovaries is strongly recommended, but not required.

d. Chest protection in the form of a gambeson is recommended, but not required, as a minimum for all fighters. Separate breast cups



are prohibited unless connected by or mounted upon an interconnecting rigid piece, i.e., heavy leather or metal breastplate.

e. A minimum of heavy padding over the shoulders and shoulder points is recommended, but not required.

5. Hand and Wrist Armor

a. The outer surfaces of the hand and wrist of both arms must be covered by one or a combination of the following:

i. A basket hilt of rigid material with no openings large enough to allow a blow to strike the fingers or the back of the hand. If a basket hilt is used, a vambrace, half gauntlet or equivalent shall cover the remaining portions of the hand and wrist.

ii. A gauntlet made of rigid plates; either lined with ¼” of resilient padding or closed cell foam, or designed to transfer potentially injurious impact to the surfaces being grasped.

iii. A gauntlet of heavy leather lined with ½” of closed cell foam or heavy resilient padding.

iv. A shield with a shield basket or equivalent. A side mounted shield alone is NOT sufficient, since it covers only the back of the hand but not the fingers or thumb. Center mount shields are also not sufficient protection in and of themselves for the hand and fingers and a half-gauntlet may still not be sufficient. There shall be additional protection for the fingers and thumb. This can be accomplished by a full gauntlet, a rigid plate covering fingers and thumb, or any creation, such as a heavy leather deflection device, that fully protects fingers and thumb and fulfills the requirements of the rest of this section.

v. A commercial ice hockey, lacrosse or kendo glove. If commercial gloves are worn, they shall be covered in such a manner that helps maintain a period appearance. NOTE: Those fighters using pole arms are strongly recommended to reinforce any commercial gloves with plates. This is particularly true for hockey gloves, which are thinner than the other mentioned types.

vi. Street hockey gloves are NOT equivalent. They can be counted as the padding for ii. above, and if a goalie glove, for iii. above.



vii.Half gauntlets (demi-gauntlets) shall be constructed as per ii. iii. or v. above, without fingers (including the thumb).

viii. Archers may wear a half gauntlet on either or both hands. Full hand protection is recommended on the bow hand.

ix. A half gauntlet is recommended for using thrown weapons. The hand that is not used to throw the weapon must be fully protected at all times. The fighter cannot engage in hand to hand combat (i.e. Thrusting with a Javelin) until the hand used for throwing is fully protected.

6. Arm Armor

a. The elbow point and bones at either side of the elbow joint must be covered by a rigid material underlain by at least 1/4 inch (6 mm) of resilient padding or closed-cell foam, or by an approved equivalent. This armor shall be attached in such a way that the elbow remains covered during combat.

b. The forearm of both arms shall be covered by vambraces that will cover the outside of both bones of the arm. Vambraces shall be constructed of rigid material and shall leave no more than 1” of unprotected space between the hand protection and the elbow protection when the arm is held in a normal position at right angles to the body. Vambraces that protect the entire circumference of the arm are recommended.

7. Leg Armor

a. The kneecap and both sides of the knee joints must be covered by rigid material lined by at least 1/4 inch (6 mm) of resilient padding or closed-cell foam or an approved equivalent. This armor shall be attached in such a way that the knee remains covered during all positions of combat, including kneeling.

b. A minimum of heavy padding over both thighs is strongly recommended, but not required.

c. All individuals will wear sturdy footwear while engaged in combat activities. “Sturdy” means no flip-flops, beach sandals, etc. Most types of period footwear are acceptable. It is recommended that leather or equivalent cover at least the toes of both feet. Boots with ankle support and solid soles are highly recommended.



B.Shields

1. Shields shall be edged with leather or other padding, or constructed in such a way as to minimize the damage to rattan weapons or other fighters.

2. No bolts, wires, or other objects may project more than 3/8 inch (9 mm) from any part of a shield without being padded. Decorative projections may not require padding if the object presents a smooth surface and the width is no smaller than 1.25-inches (31.75mm). Decorative projections cannot be of a design that can be forced more than 1/2-inch into a legal face grill, nor can they project more than 1-inch (25.4mm) from the surface beneath. (Rounded shield bosses are not considered to be projections.)

3. Shields shall not give any unfair advantage to their users, such as shields designed to be seen through or those with highly burnished or polished faces.

4. Shields that are broken and present splinters or shields that generate splinters when struck are prohibited on the field.

5. Shields intended for use as Weapons (Mah-Du’s, etc.) must meet all requirements for weapons in VII.A. below. Further they may not be designed or utilized as ‘punch thrust’ weapons.

6. Shields may be no larger than 3.5 feet wide, by 5 feet tall. Anything larger is considered siege equipment.

7. Shields used as a pavaise shall be propped up by a piece of rattan beveled at both ends or by a weapon consisting only of a shaft and tip (javelin, short spear).



C. Visual Summary of Requirements



VII. W EAPON STANDARDS

A.General

1. N O METAL (including tapes made with metal foil), OR UNAPROVED RIGID PLASTIC (including PVC, ABS, Etc.), MAY BE USED IN THE STRIKING SURFACE OR SURFACES OF ANY WEAPON.

2. Flails are expressly prohibited.

3. Weapons used single-handed shall have a wrist strap (or equivalent restraint) which will keep the weapon from leaving the immediate area of the user. Two allowable examples of equivalent restraint would be a “Trigger” or a strap extending from the fighter’s armor to the weapon, provided the strap does not reach the ground under normal use. This rule is waived for wars and melee’s fought under war rules, However extra precautions should be observed dependent on the proximity of non-combatants.

4. No weapon except spears may be longer than 7’6”.

5. No weapon may weigh more than 6 lbs. Weapons primarily intended for use with one hand may weigh no more than 5 lbs. Weapons intended to be thrown may weigh no more than 2 lbs.

6. Weapon hafts and blades shall not be constructed from material less than 1-1/4 inch (31.75mm) in total diameter (including tape) along its entire length. Only grip areas with little chance of contact with an opponent may be reduced to less than 1-1/4 inch (31.75mm).

7. Rattan shall not be treated in any way that will substantially reduce its flexibility i.e. treated with wax, resin, fiberglass, etc.

8. Two-Handed Thrusting Tips are at a minimum 2 inches (50.8 mm) in diameter or cross-section. See Spears for details on Spear thrusting tips.

a. They must be constructed of at least 1-1/2 inches (38.1mm) of closed-cell foam between the thrusting surface and the end of the shaft.

b. The thrusting tip will be securely attached and have at least 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) of progressive give across the face of the thrusting tip without allowing contact with the rigid tip of the weapon. (Note: Pressing with the thumb into the center of the thrusting tip is not an adequate test. The give must be across the entire face of the tip.)



9. One-Handed Thrusting Tips are at a minimum the same diameter as the weapon they are mounted on.


b. The thrusting tip will be securely attached and have at least 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) of progressive give across the face of the thrusting tip without allowing contact with the rigid tip of the weapon. (Note: Pressing with the thumb into the center of the thrusting tip is not an adequate test. The give must be across the entire face of the tip.)



10. Thrusting tips must be clearly marked with highly contrasting tape. The contrasting tape must make the thrusting tip visible from a reasonable distance to both the fighters and the marshals.

11. It shall not be possible to force the thrusting tip more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) into a legal face guard.

12. The killing areas for all thrusting tips on any weapon shall be the head, face & torso.

13. Edged weapons will have all cutting edges marked with contrasting tape.

14. Striking surfaces may be padded with material such as leather, split hose, rubber or webbing. No material which reduces the striking surface to less than 1-1/4” shall be used.

15. No weapon may have a cutting head and/or smashing head at both ends.

B.Rattan Swords

1. The edges and tip of the blade shall be rounded.

2. The full length of the blade, including the tip, shall be wrapped with tape in a manner which allows no rattan splinters to protrude. To increase blade longevity, it is recommended that the entire portion of the blade beyond the grip be wrapped in one or more layers of strapping tape (usually under duct or electrical tape).

3. Swords designed primarily for use with one hand, but that can be used with 2 hands, (Long Swords, Hand and a Half swords, Bastard Swords, Etc.) may have a thrusting tip per the above rules. The wielder is responsible to ensure they do not thrust with the sword when used with two hands. Swords intended for thrusting while being wielded with two hands shall have a two handed thrusting tip.

4. Swords shall have a hand guard such as a basket hilt, quillons, or equivalent. The hand guards shall have no sharp edges and anything, which protrudes more than 1/2 inch (12.7mm), must be greater than 1-1/4 inches (30mm) in diameter. It shall not be possible to force the guard more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) into a legal face guard.

5. Maximum total weight of weapon shall not exceed 5 pounds (2.28 kg) including the basket hilt. Total sword length shall not exceed 48 inches (122 cm).



6. Butt Spikes are not allowed on Swords.

7. Sword Killing Zones shall be the head, face & torso. Blows to the arms, shoulders, hips and thighs shall be considered to have incapacitated the appropriate limb. If used two handed, killing zones shall be the same as for Great Swords.

C. Siloflex Swords

1. Swords which will only be used with one hand may be made using tubular materials meeting ASTM standard D-2239 or the international equivalent, having at least a 1-1/4 inch (31.75 mm) diameter on the outside and at least 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) walls.

2. This Single-Handed Sword shall have an inner core of rattan that fills the interior of the tubular material entirely.

3. Periodic inspection shall be made to determine the condition of the inner core.

4. The edge of the tip shall be slightly beveled or rounded to help protect opponents.

5. To increase blade longevity, it is recommended that the entire portion of the blade beyond the grip be wrapped in one or more layers of strapping tape (usually under duct or electrical tape).

6. Swords shall have a hand guard such as a basket hilt, quillons, or equivalent. The hand guards shall have no sharp edges and anything, which protrudes more than 1/2 inch (12.7mm), must be greater than 1-1/4 inches (30mm) in diameter. It shall not be possible to force the guard more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) into a legal face guard.

7. Maximum total weight of weapon shall not exceed 5 pounds (2.28 kg) including the basket hilt. Total sword length shall not exceed 48 inches (122 cm).

8. Butt Spikes are not allowed on Swords.

9. Sword Killing Zones shall be the head, face & torso. Blows to the arms, shoulders, hips and thighs shall be considered to have incapacitated the appropriate limb

D.Mass Weapons



1. Mass weapons are defined as impact weapons, primarily designed for use with one hand, with a weighted head that causes a majority of their damage as a result of the mass concentrated at the impact end of a shaft or handle. This includes maces, axes, falchions and any single-handed weapon that’s primary striking surface is a built-up head. All two-handed mass weapons are grouped under pole weapons.

2. The head shall be firmly and securely attached to the haft. The head shall allow at least a 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) of progressive give between the striking surface and the weapon haft and shall not bottom out or fold over so as to allow contact with the haft in normal use.

3. The striking surface of all mass weapons shall have no sharp edges or square corners. The head shall be markedly heavy so as to induce authentic handling. No metal shall be used in the construction of the head of a mass weapon. Rattan “clackers” used in the construction of the striking surface are acceptable and recommended.

4. If grips or guards are used, they shall have no sharp edges or protruding unpadded points with cross-sections of less than 1-1/4 inch (31.75 mm) in diameter. Guards and pommels shall be firmly and securely affixed to the haft.

5. Maximum total weight of weapon shall not exceed 5 pounds (2.28 kg) including the basket hilt. Minimum weight shall be at least 2 lbs and can be weighed with hand protection. Total mass weapon length shall not exceed 48 inches (122 cm).

6. Butt spikes are not allowed on mass weapons.

7. Killing zones for mass weapons shall be the head, face, torso, hips & shoulders. Blows to the arms and thighs shall be considered to have incapacitated that limb. If the weapon is bladed, the inside of the thigh is added as a killing area.

E. Polearms

1. Pole weapons are defined as weapons intended to be used primarily with two hands and are generally unwieldy enough as to be ineffective with one hand, that use cutting, smashing, and/or thrusting to inflict damage.



2. Unpadded pole weapons shall consist only of the rattan haft, with the weapon head clearly marked and the striking surface marked with contrasting tape. Any material attached to the striking surface is considered a head. Heads must conform to the standards for pole weapon construction, as listed below. Split rattan (added portion is split evenly) and laminated rattan (added portion is a full diameter piece) weapons are not considered a built up head, provided the overlap is no longer than 18” or half the length of the added rattan, whichever is shorter. Split rattan and laminated rattan may be used provided no glue, nails, or resins are used in the construction.

3. The head shall not be constructed of solely rigid materials. The head shall be firmly and securely attached to the haft. Heads shall contain at least 1-1/4”of resilient material between the head and the shaft. No metal shall be used in the construction of a built-up head. Rattan “clackers” used in the construction of the striking surface are acceptable and recommended. The head shall allow at least 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) of progressive give between the striking surface and the weapon haft.

4. The full length of any blade on a pole weapon, from the tip to 6” below the end of the cutting edge, shall be wrapped with tape in such a way that no rattan splinters protrude through the tape's surface.

5. Basket Hilts can not be used on polearms.

6. Pole weapons may optionally contain a “butt-spike” conforming to the rules for two-handed thrusting tips.

7. Killing zones for pole weapons shall be the head, face, torso, hips, & shoulders. Blows to the arms and thighs shall be considered to have incapacitated that limb. If the weapon is bladed, the inside of the thigh shall also be considered a killing blow. In the event that a pole weapon is used one handed the killing zones should be considered the same as a one handed sword.

F. Great Swords

1. Two-handed swords (or great swords) are those intended to be used primarily with two hands and are generally unwieldy enough as to be ineffective with one hand.

2. The edges and tip of the blade shall be rounded.



3. The full length of the blade, including the tip, shall be wrapped with tape in a manner that allows no rattan splinters to protrude. The edges of the weapon shall be marked with contrasting tape so that an outside observer can determine the edge and the flat of the weapon. To increase blade longevity, it is recommended that the entire portion of the blade beyond the grip be wrapped in one or more layers of strapping tape usually under duct or electrical tape).

4. Quillions or crossguards shall have no sharp edges and anything, which protrudes more than 1/2 inch (12.7mm), must be greater than 1-1/4 inches (30mm) in diameter. It shall not be possible to force the guard more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) into a legal face guard.

5. Pommels, if used, shall be attached with lag bolts of no less than 5/16” in diameter and shall thread no less than 4-1/2” into the shaft of the blade, or equivalent as determined by the Earl Marshal. A butt spike can not be used when a pommel has been added.

6. Historically, Great Swords did not have butt-spikes. A “butt-spike” may be used on a Great Sword to represent a pommel strike. As such a butt-spike on a great sword is only effective when wielded with two hands. Any butt-spike attached to the weapon shall have the same properties as a two-handed thrusting tip.

7. Killing zones for great swords shall be the head, face, torso, hips, shoulders and the inside of the thigh. Blows to the arms and outside of the thighs shall be considered to have incapacitated that limb. In the event that a great sword is used one handed the killing zones should be considered the same as a one handed sword.

G.Rattan Spears

1. Rattan Spears are defined as weapons over 7’6” having only a thrusting tip and no cutting or smashing head. Thrusting only weapons 7’6” or under are defined as pole weapons.

2. Rattan Spear Thrusting Tips are at a minimum 3 inches (76.2 mm) in diameter or cross-section.


b. The thrusting tip will be securely attached and have at least 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) of progressive give across the face of the thrusting tip without allowing contact with the rigid tip of the weapon. (Note:



Pressing with the thumb into the center of the thrusting tip is not an adequate test. The give must be across the entire face of the tip.)

3. Counterweights or any other addition, including basket hilts, that significantly increases the weight of the spear are not allowed.

4. Sliders, and Buttcap type handles (Shovel, “T” or “L” Style for example) are not allowed.

5. Spears may not be swung to strike a blow and repeated observation of this type of usage is grounds for the Marshal-in-Charge to impose a restriction from further use of a spear.

6. It is permissible for a spear to also contain a “butt-spike”, using the rattan spear thrusting tip requirements.

7. Total spear length shall not exceed 9 feet (9’).

H.Fiberglass Spears

1. Fiberglass Spears are defined as weapons having only a thrusting tip and no cutting or smashing head.

2. Pultruded fiberglass piping only may be used. Substitutions are not allowed. The piping must be 1-1/4 inch (31.75 mm) in diameter and have a sidewall of not less than 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) thickness. Hence it shall have an interior diameter of 1 inch (25.4 mm).

3. The end of the shaft which will have the thrusting tip attached must be covered with a schedule-40 PVC cap with an interior diameter the same as the outside diameter of the shaft (1-1/4 inch, or 31.75 mm). The thrusting tip will then be attached over this cap, and shall meet the requirements for fiberglass spear thrusting tip.

4. Fiberglass Spear Thrusting Tips are at a minimum 3 inches (76.2 mm) in diameter or cross-section.

a. They must be constructed of at least 3 inches (76.2 mm) of closed-cell foam between the thrusting surface and the end of the shaft.

b. The thrusting tip will be securely attached and have at least 1 inch (25.4 mm) of progressive give across the face of the thrusting tip without allowing contact with the rigid tip of the weapon. (Note: Pressing with the thumb into the center of the thrusting tip is not an adequate test. The give must be across the entire face of the tip.)



5. Shafts may be “spliced” using a solid fiberglass rod of the same or equivalent material, which has an outside diameter of 1 inch (25.4 mm) and is between 8 inches and 12 inches in length (20.3 cm to 30.4 cm). Only two splices will be allowed per spear shaft. Each end to be splice shall be cut square and clean of cracks or frayed fibers. The rod shall extend at least 4 inches (10.16 cm) into each spliced end. One or both of these two methods shall secure the splice:

a. Epoxying both ends of the fiberglass rod before insertion.

b. Epoxying one end of the fiberglass rod before insertion, and thoroughly taping the splice over with fiber tape.



6. The butt end of the shaft shall be smooth and free of cracks or frayed fibers. The butt end shall be capped with an easily removed PVC cap, or plug, or taped over to facilitate inspection of the interior of the shaft. It is recommended, but not required, that the entire length of the shaft be taped, because prolonged exposure to sunlight will shorten the life span of the shaft. If a weapon is completely taped, a marshal may require one section be untaped enough to determine that Pultruded Fiberglass has been used in the construction of the shaft.

7. Counterweights or any other addition, including basket hilts, that significantly increases the weight of the spear are not allowed.

8. Sliders, and Buttcap type handles (Shovel, “T” or “L” Style as example) are not allowed.

9. Spears may not be swung to strike a blow and repeated observation of this type of usage is grounds for the Marshal-in-Charge to impose a restriction from further use of a spear.

10. It is not permissible for a fiberglass spear to contain a “butt-spike”.

11. Total spear length shall not exceed 9 feet (9’).

I. Combat Archery

1. There is no minimum range required to discharge an arrow or bolt; however, the missile must have fully cleared the bow before striking its target.

2. Killing zones for all arrows, and crossbow bolts shall be the head, face and torso. Blows to the arms, shoulders, hips and thighs shall be considered to have incapacitated the appropriate limb. Strikes to the back of an opponent are considered good.

3. Weapons: Hand bows and cross bows are the only hand held projectile launchers allowed.



Recurve, take-down (where the limbs are detachable) and long bows are allowed; the use of hand bows and crossbows that have a period appearance is strongly encouraged. Bows that are obviously modern in appearance (compound, plastic, rifle stocks, frames with cutouts, etc.) are prohibited. Metal cable strings or strings made of elastic material such as bungee cord or surgical tubing are prohibited. Modern trigger systems are not acceptable, except release aids individually approved by the Marshallate to allow easier use of hand bow arrows equipped with rigid Anti-Penetration Devices (APD) which can interfere with an archer’s ability to draw and hold the arrow. All bows must be in good repair and safe to operate.

a. Classes of Bow:

There are three classes of bow in Caid combat archery: Light Hand bows, Heavy Hand bows, and Crossbows. Each class of bow has strictly limited choice of usable projectiles (projectiles mentioned in this appendix refer to Caid-approved designs only; construction details are defined in Appendix B, below).

i. Light hand bows may not exceed 30 lbs. draw at 28", measured from the center of the bow riser. Light Hand bows may shoot Siloflex equivalent or fiberglass-shafted arrows using a heavy-modified UHMW blunt and a Caid approved APD.

ii. Heavy hand bows have over 30 lbs. draw up to a maximum of 50 lbs draw at 28", measured from the center of the bow riser. Heavy Hand bows must be marked around the top 6 inches of the upper limb with red tape or equivalent to distinguish them from Light Hand bows. Heavy Hand bows may shoot only Siloflex arrows.

iii. Crossbows may not exceed a maximum of 1000 inch pounds, measured by multiplying the length of the draw from the string at rest to the release point, by the weight of the draw at the release point. Crossbows may use shoot Siloflex bolts or fiberglass "Fellwalker" bolts. Crossbows of over 600 inch pounds must have the last four inches of the right prod marked with red tape (in Caid, this SCA rule has no practical significance in that all crossbows use the same class of ammunition).

Crossbows must have prods constructed of a minimum of 3/16" 7075 T6 aluminum (1/4" 7075 T6 51 or better is strongly recommended), or of commercially available fiberglass or steel crossbow prods drawn within their poundage rating. Prods constructed with fiberglass electric fence posts shall not be



allowed. Crossbows using other prod materials will be considered on an individual basis.

All prods must be covered with leather or an equivalent material and method as approved by the KEM and the KDEMCA, so that in case of breakage the limbs of the prod are tethered to the body of the bow. Crossbow prod tips must be covered or built up so that they cannot pass through a legal helm grill (practice "whiffle" golfballs (sometimes called “Tunjis”) are strongly recommended).

b. Projectiles, General:

i. No part of a projectile is allowed to pass through the bars of a legal helm grill more than 1/2 inch. All projectiles shall be marked in English with the written or printed name of their user or maker and their kingdom of residence. Cresting is not an acceptable equivalent. Any projectiles not marked such that the owner can be readily identified shall be banned from the field. Unmarked projectiles found on the field by the Marshallate shall be removed and not returned. In addition, it is recommended that archers who have projectiles built in different batches mark the projectiles with the month and year they were constructed, to more easily identify “batches” that may share the same materials or construction methods. Unmarked projectiles risk being prohibited from use by association with failed projectiles. Arrows and bolts may only be used as missiles launched from a bow. No arrows shall be used as hand-held thrusting weapons. (This is not related to Killing from Behind rules.) Projectiles designed to be thrown may not be shot from any bow.

ii. Projectile construction specifications typically include specific materials that are to be used in construction. In such cases, alternate materials are not allowed to replace specified materials. Substitutions shall only be made after the proper testing procedures for new equipment have been completed and approved. No metal or hard PVC components can be used in the construction of any projectile. Fletching is allowed and may be of any standard method approved for SCA combat arrows or bolts (feathers, vinyl vanes, card, foam, etc.). Fletchings must be of soft, flexible material such as foam, soft leather or duct tape and rounded so as to present no sharp corners. Commercial fletching or vinyl vanes are also acceptable. Fletchings are not required and their size, shape, and inclusion are left to the discretion of the archer as long as they meet these requirements and can not penetrate more than one-half inch into a helm grill. Fletchings may contrast with shaft color.



iii. Projectiles with wood shafts are expressly prohibited.

c. Hand Bow Projectiles

Arrows are defined to be projectiles fired from a hand bow. Arrows have two basic configurations: Siloflex equivalent tube shaft and fiberglass shaft. Fiberglass shafted arrows may only be fired from a Light Hand bow (30 lbs. or less of draw). Tube shafted arrows may be shot from any legal hand bow.

i. Siloflex equivalent tube shafted arrows may use tennis ball tips or Omarad tips (both described below). The nock end opening of tube shafted arrows should be plugged or taped over to prevent the trapping of loose matter that may enter a helm when shot.

Tube shafted arrow shafts may be covered with tape but need not be however the material specifications must be visible and legible. No part of the arrow except the tip may be taped with red tape or otherwise colored red. Tube arrow shafts may not be colored yellow, to avoid confusion with siege weapon missiles.

Siloflex equivalent arrows shall be constructed using 100 PSI 1 inch inner diameter Siloflex brand polyethylene pipe or an approved equivalent (for an approved equivalent list, see SCA Combat Archery rule set). Maximum allowable arrow draw length (bottom of the nock slot to just behind the blunt) for Siloflex equivalent arrows is 28 inches. Siloflex shafts should not be filled with any material. Siloflex equivalent may have a 2 to 4 inch long plug of 100 or 160 psi Siloflex equivalent tubing for stiffening the nock end. Stiffeners must be attached with adhesive; taping and/or lacing the plug to the shaft is recommended.

(i) Tennis ball tipped arrows:

Using a strong cord of 1/8" or less diameter, tie the tennis ball to the tube by crossing two pieces of cord through the tube underneath the reinforcing ring, and over the tennis ball (using three strands with 6 holes may increase stability over two). Be sure that the knots are located on the side of the tennis ball and not at the tip. Securely tape the tennis ball to the tube using a high quality fiber-reinforced strapping tape. Be sure that the cords or laces are securely taped to the tennis ball to prevent slippage. These cords will prevent the tennis ball from being torn loose when the arrow strikes a hard surface. Cover the tennis ball and strapping tape with duct or electrical tape. The striking surface of the ball must be marked with a cross of



red tape. There should be sufficient red showing from all angles that the arrow would normally be held.

(ii) Omarad tipped arrows:

Insert a No. 6.5 white gum rubber stopper (without holes) approximately one-third it’s length into the Siloflex equivalent tubing. Using a strong cord of 1/8" or less diameter, tie the stopper to the tube by crossing two pieces of cord through the tube, and over the stopper (using three strands with 6 holes may increase stability over two). Be sure that the knots are located on the side of the stopper and not at the tip. Securely tape the stopper to the tube using a high quality fiber-reinforced strapping tape. Add at least one inch of resilient closed cell foam (such as Minicell brand) to the face of the stopper, using strapping tape. Do not compress foam while taping; padding must measure minimum 1” thick after taping. The tip should have roughly a half inch of progressively resistant give when complete. Cover the tip and strapping tape with duct or electrical tape. The striking surface of the tip must be marked with a cross of red tape. There should be sufficient red showing from all angles that the arrow would normally be held.

ii. Fiberglass Shafted Arrows: Fiberglass Shafted Arrows consist of three components: the blunt, the shaft, and the APD. Maximum allowable draw length (bottom of the nock slot to just behind the blunt) for fiberglass arrows is 28 inches.

(i) Blunt: The Heavy Modified-Ultra High Molecular Weight (UHMW) blunt shall be used on all fiberglass shafted arrows, and should be constructed as described under the instructions for Fiberglass Shafted Crossbow Bolts (below). The blunt should additionally be covered with duct, gaffers or electrical tape in a bright color. It is not necessary to tape a contrasting "X" on the striking surface of the blunt. The blunt may not be excessively loose on the shaft, when tested using moderate force. An arrow is unacceptable if the blunt has more than one-half revolution of rotation around the shaft; or has more than one-quarter revolution of rotation, and shows any failure of the attaching tape or any vertical motion (in and out of the blunt).

(ii) Shaft: The arrow shaft shall be constructed only of 1/4 inch minimum diameter solid pultruded fiberglass rod, procured from approved sources (for a list of approved sources, see the SCA Combat Archery rule set). The shaft of the arrow shall be spirally or longitudinally wrapped with high quality fiber-



strapping tape, totally covering the surface from the front of the fletching to the trailing edge of the UHMW blunt. The tape should be strong enough so that if the shaft should break, it will still be held together.

(iii) APD: All fiberglass arrows must also use an APD (Anti Penetration Device) approved for use in Caid. APD devices approved for use in Caid on hand bow combat arrows are the 1 1/4 inch round or octagonal solid UHMW APDs, the Asgard APD, and the 160 psi routed channel Siloflex equivalent tube APD (per SCA specifications). The APD may not be excessively loose on the shaft, when tested using moderate force. An arrow is unacceptable if the blunt has more than one-half revolution of rotation around the shaft; or has more than one-quarter revolution of rotation, and shows any failure of the attaching tape or any vertical motion (in and out of the blunt).

d. Crossbow Projectiles

Bolts are defined to be projectiles fired from a crossbow. Bolts have two basic configurations: Siloflex equivalent tube and fiberglass shaft.

i. Siloflex equivalent crossbow bolts should be constructed using the same method as for tube arrows, but should be cut appropriately to match the crossbow such that just the blunt extends beyond the prod.

ii. Fiberglass Shafted Crossbow Bolts: All fiberglass shafted crossbow bolts shall be the "Fellwalker" bolt design, and must be constructed from commercially available kits or to the following specifications:

(i) Blunt: All blunts shall be of the Heavy Modified UHMW Blunt design. This consists of a 2 inch long by 1 1/4 inch diameter core of UHMW, the back 1 inch tapered down to the shaft, drilled to a depth of 1 inch to accept the shaft. All cut edges of the UHMW core shall be chamfered or rounded off. The shaft should be friction fit into the core and the core secured by at least two strips of 1/2 inch wide (minimum) high quality fiber strapping tape. These strips shall cross over the face of the core and down the sides, and onto the shaft for at least one inch.

The striking surface of the blunt shall be covered with no less than 1 inch thick by 1 3/8 inch diameter resilient closed cell



foam. The sides of the blunt centering on the join between the UHMW and foam tip shall first be wrapped with 1/8 inch thick closed cell foam (or 2 wraps of 1 1/4 inch wide x 10 inch long strip of standard 1/16 inch mailing foam), then covered by a layer of strapping tape (a single wrap of 1 1/2 inch wide tape is recommended). Padding on the face of a blunt which has compacted under use to less than ¾ an inch in thickness must be replaced before use.

The assembled blunt shall be secured by at least two strips of 1/2 inch wide (minimum) high quality strapping tape. These strips shall cross over the face of the blunt and down the sides, and onto the shaft for at least one inch. It shall be secured to the shaft by another strip of tape that wraps around it as well as the base of the blunt and the shaft.

(ii) Shafts: All shafts shall be constructed from a 12 inch length of 1/4 inch diameter solid pultruded fiberglass rod. The shaft shall be spirally or longitudinally wrapped with high quality fiber-strapping tape along the entire exposed surface of the shaft. The tape should be strong enough so that if the shaft should break, it will still be held together.

(iii) APD: The APD disk shall be a disk 1/2 inch thick by 1 1/4 inch diameter UHMW rod, drilled 1/4 inch deep to accept the shaft. All cut edges of the UHMW disk shall be rounded off. The shaft should be friction fit into the APD and the core secured by as many strips of 1/2 inch wide (minimum) high quality strapping tape are required to completely cover and attach the disk to the shaft, leaving no gaps between the strips of tape. These strips shall cross over the face of the core and down the sides, and onto the shaft for at least one inch past any additional foam or taper used in front of the disk. It shall be secured to the shaft by another strip of tape that wraps around it and the shaft.

The assembled bolt must additionally be covered with duct, gaffers or electrical tape. It is required that the shaft and APD be taped in a solid base color, and the blunt taped in a bright contrasting color. It is not necessary to tape a contrasting "X" on the striking surface of the blunt. Cresting of heraldic colors, if done, should be only on or directly behind the blunt, or on the vanes/fletching, to prevent confusion of which end is the striking surface of the bolt. Neither the blunt nor the APD may be excessively loose on the shaft, when tested using moderate force. An arrow is unacceptable if the blunt or APD has more than one-half revolution of rotation around the shaft; or has



more than one-quarter revolution of rotation, and shows any failure of the attaching tape; or any vertical motion (in and out of the blunt or APD).

J. Thrown Weapons

1. Killing zones for all thrown weapons shall be the head, face and torso. Blows to the arms, shoulders, hips and thighs shall be considered to have incapacitated the appropriate limb. Strikes to the back of an opponent are considered good.

2. General Rules:

a. Hand thrown missiles may include, but are not limited to: javelins, axes, throwing knives, rocks, etc. Caid has two standard throwing weapons: Javelins (or Thrust and Throw Javelins) and Throwing Maces. Information on their construction is below. Non-standard throwing weapons need to be reviewed and approved by a Senior Marshal before use.

b. All hand thrown projectiles shall be constructed entirely with approved materials. Tape, foam, rubber hose, and leather are approved materials for making thrown weapons. No rigid materials such as rattan or metal shall be used in the construction of a missile weapon.

c. A missile shall not contain any material, such as beans, sand, etc., which could enter the eyes if the missile breaks or the head comes loose.

d. No new weapons with PVC materials shall be allowed, with the exception of the PVC caps allowed on Javelins. This does not apply to tape, like duct tape.

e. The striking surface must have progressive give.

f. All missile weapons shall be marked in English with the name of their user and the name of their kingdom to make it easier to locate the user of the weapons. They shall also be marked with the type of weapon. (Yes this should be obvious, but in the heat of battle it will be necessary).

g. Hand thrown weapons shall not be constructed so as to flail or entangle, nor shall they be so large as to be hazardous when used.



h. Siege rocks can be made of foam or foam loosely packed in a cloth bag. Siege rocks shall only be dropped, not thrown.

i. Hand thrown weapons may be inspected by any Marshal designated for the purpose by the MiC.

j. Hand thrown weapons can be recovered and re-used after a visual inspection for damage by any fighter.

3. Javelins:

Thrust and Throw Javelins are the only legal form of Javelin in Caid

a. Shafts shall be constructed of two layers of 160 PSI Siloflex.

b. The outer layer shall be 1 inch inner diameter Siloflex and the inner layer shall be 0.75 inch Inner diameter Siloflex. The two layers should be laced together to prevent the inner layer from cutting into the head.

c. There is no taping required along the length of the shaft.

d. The material markings on the shaft shall be left uncovered.

e. A 1 inch Schedule 40 PVC pipe cap should cover both ends of the shafts and be fastened securely in place by tape and/or glue. Please note that marshals may ask to remove the cap from the butt end to inspect the javelin and assure proper 2-layer construction.

f. Thrusting tips shall be used on one end only. The tips shall conform to the standards for a Two-handed thrusting tip per VII.A.8. (pg 32) above.

g. Overall length of the shaft shall not exceed 5 feet. The thrusting tip is not included in this length.

4. Throwing Maces

a. 12” section of 1” inner diameter 100 psi Siloequivalent tubing

b. Attach a tennis ball to both ends of the tube in the same manner as the tennis ball on a tubular arrow (laced and taped).

c. Tape three tennis balls together and tape them securely on the end of one of the tennis balls on the tube, so they sit perpendicular to the shaft of the tube.



d. Wrap the head and end of the mace with duct tape (no yellow). Do not wrap the handle.

e. The material markings on the shaft shall be left uncovered.



K.Siege Warfare

1. All participants in Siege Warfare must be authorized as siege engineers in accordance with Caid authorization standards and the regulations provided in the SCA Siege Engines Handbook. An overview is provided here for consistent interaction with siege engine. All authorized fighters should be familiar with these overview requirements. It is recommended that all combatants planning on participating in war scenarios or other combat that includes the use of siege engines see the SCA Siege Engines Handbook for full details of siege warfare.

2. Killing zones for siege-class munitions (1 pound rocks, 4 tennis ball rocks, and 48 inch-long ballista javelins, which are colored yellow as outlined in item 2 of Siege Ammunition Standards) are any valid target area. They shall be capable of killing through shields, provided that the scenario rules do not disallow it.

3. Hand weapons hit by siege-class munitions will be destroyed; anyone intentionally blocking or deflecting siege-class munitions will be considered killed.

4. Ballista Javelins must hit point first to count, all other ammunition need only hit. Siege Class Munitions are not required to hit with equivalent force to a rattan or other hand weapon blow to be considered a killing blow. Projectiles which hit, and are noticed (seen, felt, or heard) by the fighter hit by it should be considered good. Projectiles may not be used as thrusting weapons. Siege class munitions may not be thrown by hand.

5. Siege munitions are considered spent upon striking a target, the ground, or a battlefield structure. Siege Class munitions that hit a tree will not be considered spent until they hit a target, the ground or another battlefield structure.

6. Small arms munitions (single tennis balls, and tube shafted combat archery arrows and bolts) fired from a siege engine will be treated as combat archery projectiles.

7. As siege engines can pose many risks to attacking fighters it is strongly recommended that great caution be exercised when approaching them. Be sure to stay clear of moving parts and try to approach them from the side.



8. When engaging engines/structures, DO NOT STRIKE THEM WITH A HAND HELD WEAPON! While these items should be constructed to withstand such a blow, it is dangerous to do so as an accidental discharge of the weapon may result. Anyone found intentionally striking a siege engine/structure should be removed from the field, and the Marshal-In-Charge shall investigate. They may possibly face further action based on the results of Marshal-In-Charge’s investigation.

9. The proper way to destroy these weapons is to safely approach the engine/structure, lay your weapon on it, and declare “this weapon is destroyed" (the same procedure as a declared kill from behind). This should be done in a safe deliberate manner, and not in a rush while engaged with another opponent. Siege engine crews are all required to be in SCA minimum armor, and should be treated as any other combatant on the field. If they have a secondary weapon they may use it, if not they may be killed as an un-armed/helpless opponent, if they yield do not strike them.

10. Fighting should never take place over or around an active (cocked and/or loaded) siege engine. If this situation arises a hold should be called and the engine declared dead. (The engine should be made safe or removed from the field before fighting resumes) Siege engines and structures may also be destroyed by siege class munitions fired from a siege engine.

L. Other weapons

1. There exist weapons, such as the Mah-Du, that don’t conveniently fit within the specific guidelines above. As long as such a weapon meets the general weapon guidelines, is deemed safe by the marshals, does not give the wielder an unfair advantage and is demonstrably period, then it can be used. Fantasy weapons or weapons with no period equivalent are forbidden.



M. Weapon Summary Chart

Sword used one handed

Sword used two handed

MassWeapon

PoleWeapon

Rattan Spear

Fiberglass Spear

Weight, min

- - 2 lb. Min - - -

Weight, max

5 lb. Max. 6 lb. Max. 5 lb. Max. 6 lb. Max. 6 lb. Max 6 lb. Max

Diameter 1.25” 1.25” 1.25” 1.25” 1.25” 1.25”Thrusting Tip Diameter

Minimum equal to weapon diameter

2” Minimum equal to weapon diameter

2” 3” 3”

Length 48” max. 7.5 ft max

48” max. 7.5 ft max.

>7.5 ft - 9 ft max.

9 ft max.



AuthorizationClass

One handed

Two Handed

One Handed

Two Handed

Two Handed

Two Handed

N.Non Contact Participants

1. T here are no non contact participants in Caid . This section is only included for familiarization purposes as there are areas in the SCA with these types of ‘combatants’.

2. Participants marked with a solid white diamond on their helm may not be struck with any weapon. The range that a full contact combatant may ‘kill’ them is set at the kingdom level.

3. Participants marked with a red pheon (a heraldic arrow) on their helm may only be struck with a combat missile. Otherwise they are "killed", when a full contact combatant gets within 10 feet of them, from the tip of their weapon to the archer, then states "archer you are dead".

4. Participants marked with a white pheon (a heraldic arrow) on their helm may only be struck with a combat missile. Otherwise they are killed by a light, controlled touch from a full contact combatant’s weapon to their person or gear.



MARSHAL’S SECTIONBecause of the significant changes to these rules from version 5 all authorizations must be renewed within two years of the adoption of this rules set (by 04/22/2008). Marshals failing to renew under the procedure outlined in II.H of the Marshals Section of this handbook (pg. 59) will have their authorization revoked until such time as they can authorize as a new Marshal, or Senior Marshal.

I. T YPES OF MARSHALS IN CAID

The term Marshal represents a variety of levels of responsibility in the SCA. The different responsibilities are determined by the authorization title given a particular Marshal. Below are the titles of the authorizations and their corresponding responsibilities. The term “Knight Marshal” applies to the marshal of a territory, regardless of whether you are a belted fighter, or even whether you are an authorized fighter at all.

See the appropriate additional handbooks for authorization titles specific to other combat forms such as Equestrian, Rapier, Target Archery, & Youth Combat.

A.F ield Marshals

1. Marshal-In-Training

A Marshal-in-Training (MIT) is an authorized fighter, or any other person who wishes to become a Marshal. A MIT is under the tutelage of the Marshal's office and is subject to instruction and correction by any Authorized Marshal. Fighters are “warranted” as a MIT as part of their weapons authorization. Non fighters may be “warranted” as a MIT by a Senior Marshal or above. A copy of the warrant shall be sent to the Minister of Lists for inclusion in the Marshallate Database. A MIT has the following responsibilities and privileges:

a. Must be at least sixteen (16) years of age.

b. Assists Marshals with armor and weapon inspections

c. Assists Marshals on the field during combat

d. Calls holds for safety reasons.

e. Acts as Marshal-of-the-Field under the supervision of a Marshal or Senior Marshal.



f. Can function as a Marshal on a challenge field

g. If a member of the SCA can act as a Canton or College Marshal with restrictions

h. Decisions are appealed to a Senior Marshal.

2. Marshal

Once a Marshal has been authorized they have the following additional responsibilities and duties:

a. Must be at least eighteen (18) years of age.

b. Inspects and approves standard armor and weapons, including missiles. Visually inspects bows.

c. Can be Marshal-of-the-Field

d. Assists the Marshal-in-Charge or Territorial Marshal as required

e. May function as the Marshal-in-Charge of an event

f. May become a Territorial Marshal

g. Trains Marshals-in-Training

h. Decisions are appealed to a Senior Marshal.

i. Must report in writing once yearly (by July 1st of each year) to the Earl Marshal on their activities during the previous year, including proof of membership (this is in addition to any requirement placed on the Marshal from holding a territorial office).

j. Must be a current member of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.

3. Senior Marshal

Senior Marshals have all the responsibilities and duties of the preceding Marshals in addition to the following:

a. Trains Marshals and MITs.

b. Functions as a member of the authorization team to authorize armored combat fighters.



c. Functions as a member of the authorization team to authorize armored combat Marshals.

d. Can approve unusual weapons, standard weapons and armor. Tests bow draw weights.

e. Decisions are appealed to a Regional Marshal or the Earl Marshal.

f. Must report in writing once yearly (by July 1st of each year) to the Earl Marshal on their activities during the previous year, including proof of membership (this is in addition to any requirement placed on the Marshal from holding a territorial office).

g. Must be a current member of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.

4. Senior Siege Marshal

Senior Siege Marshals are a supplemental class of authorization held by Senior Marshals. They have all the responsibilities and duties of the preceding marshals in addition to the following:

a. Be authorized in Siege Combat and have at least 1 year of experience on the field as a Siege Engineer.

b. Appointed by the Deputy Earl Marshal for Combat Archery and Siege.

c. Functions as a member of the authorization team to authorize Siege Engineers.

d. Have a basic understanding of all major engine types (Ballista / Arbalest, Catapult / Onager, Trebuchet- both counter weight and manpowered) to include being able to identify hazards, potential failure points, and soundness of construction.

e. Know how to inspect engines and ammunition.

f. Performs inspections on engines.

g. Supervises inspection of ammunition.

h. Know the current siege engine regulations.



5. Regional Marshal

Regional Marshals have all the responsibilities and duties of the preceding marshals in addition to the following.

a. Appointed by the Earl Marshal.

b. Trains Senior Marshals

c. Functions as a member of the authorization team to authorize minor fighters in armored combat.

d. Functions as a member of the authorization team to authorize armored combat Senior Marshals.

e. Speaks with the authority of the Earl Marshal in all matters of Chivalry and Lists.

f. Decisions are appealed to the Earl Marshal.

g. Must report in writing quarterly to the Earl Marshal by March 7th, June 7th, September 7th, and December 7th on their activities during the previous quarter, including proof of membership once yearly by June 7th (this is in addition to any requirement placed on the Marshal from holding a territorial office).

h. Must be a current member of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.

B.T ERRITORIAL MARSHALS

Territorial offices are those positions in the Marshallate that carry the added responsibility of running a given territory's marshaling activities. As such they must be at least eighteen (18) years of age. They are also responsible for keeping the Earl Marshal informed of these activities and any problems that may occur that pertain to either fighting or marshaling. A Territorial Marshal receives a “Warrant of Office” in addition to their authorization. A Warrant of Office is for a specific time period, normally two years, but may be renewed as often as all parties choose.

1. Canton or Collegiate Marshal

a. Must be at least a Marshal-in-Training to hold this office, and must be at least a Marshal to act as Marshal-in-Charge of an event.

b. Organizes Marshaling activities at Canton or College events.April 22nd, 2006 The Combat Handbook of Caid 6th Edition

(4/06) Page 69The online version of this document is the officially released version from the Caid Earl Marshal. Any copies or print-outs, either full or partial, are not controlled.

c. Is the Marshal-in-Charge of the Canton or College Practice, if a Marshal

d. Reports each event and significant activities to the Marshal of the territory the Canton or College is part of.

e. Trains local fighters if an authorized fighter himself.

f. Appointed by the political group head, and Territorial Marshal, of the territory the Canton or College is part of upon approval of the Earl Marshal.

g. Must be a current member of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.

h. Decisions are appealed to the Marshal of the territory the Canton or College is part of

i. Reports quarterly to the Marshal of the territory the Canton or College is part of by March 1st, June 1st, September 1st, and December 1st.

2. Baronial/Shire Marshal

a. Must be at least a Marshal in rank.

b. Organizes marshaling activities at local events.

c. Is the Marshal-in-Charge of the local territorial practice.

d. Inspects equipment for conformance to the required minimums and for safety prior to the beginning of combat.

e. Trains local fighters if an authorized fighter.

f. Reports quarterly to the Earl Marshal by March 7th, June 7th, September 7th, and December 7th on the state of fighting and Marshaling in the area as well as all events held during that quarter and any significant items therein (injuries, authorizations, fighter problems, etc.)

g. Appointed by the Earl Marshal upon recommendation of the local political group head.

h. Must be a current member of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.



i. Decisions are appealed to the Earl Marshal.

3. Earl Marshal

a. Is the senior representative of the Marshal's office within the kingdom. They are responsible for its administration and activities.

b. Speaks with the authority of the Sovereign in all matters of Chivalry and Lists.

c. Handles all matters which may require a Court of Chivalry.

d. Decisions may be appealed to the Sovereign.

e. Appointed by the Sovereign and warranted by the Society Marshal.

f. Must report quarterly to the Society Marshal by March 15th, June 15th, September 15th, December 15th.

g. Must be a Senior Marshal in rank.

h. Must be a member of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.

i. Must maintain a roster of all currently authorized participants.

j. Maintains the rules of combat for the kingdom.

k. Can appoint or remove subordinate officers as required or desired. Some examples are, but are not restricted to: the Kingdom Lists Officer, the Master of Archers and Deputies for Rapier, Equestrian, Combat Archery and Siege Combat.



C. N ON-ADMINISTRATIVE MARSHALS

The following descriptions are for non-administrative positions in the Marshallate applied on an event-by-event basis.

1. Marshal-in-Charge

This title delineates the head Marshal of an event. This may be the only Marshal present or any Marshal up to and including the Earl Marshal. The Marshal-in-Charge supervises the conduct of all Marshaling activities at the event and is responsible for the activities of Lists and ensuring that all participants have either signed the waiver or are in possession of a blue membership card. The local Territorial Marshal (if present) is always the Marshal-in-Charge unless they assign another Marshal to perform this function. The Earl Marshal is considered to be the Marshal-in-Charge of Crown and Queen's Champion Tournaments. The Marshal-in-Charge is considered to be the Chief Marshal at an event, regardless of their actual rank in the Marshallate. This position must be filled with at least an Authorized Marshal, and there must be a Marshal-in-Charge of any event that has fighting, including practice. After the event, a brief report on the event must be submitted to the Earl Marshal, including any incidents in which:

a. Someone was injured

b. A fighter or marshal had to be disciplined

If there was no incident the requirement to submit a report is waived for practices.

2. Marshal-of-the-Field

The Marshal-of-the-Field is considered to be the senior of those marshals (preferably three) on a particular fighting field. Responsibilities include all activities on their field as pertain to marshaling and fighting safety. A Marshal-of-the-Field must be an Authorized Marshal. If working under the direct supervision of an Authorized Marshal a MIT can train as the Marshal-of-the-Field.



II. P ROCEDURES FOR THE AUTHORIZATION OF MARSHALS

A.All authorizations are issued for a period of up to, but not exceeding, four (4) years. Authorizations will expire on the participant’s date of birth.

B.The Marshals are the authority on fighting, the Rules of the Lists and the conventions of combat. They are responsible for ensuring that the fighters have safe and adequate equipment, and know, understand and obey the Rules of the Lists and conventions of combat. Because Marshals are responsible for safety on the field, all Authorized Marshals must be eighteen (18) years of age or older and must be current members of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc. Because in most cases they act under supervision a Marshal in Training may be sixteen (16) years of age and does not have to be a current member of the Society for Creative Anachronism.

C. All Chivalric Peers who do not already hold a Marshals authorization will be accorded the rank of Marshal upon being offered the accolade. They are responsible for fulfilling the duties and responsibilities of the office, as long as they maintain current membership in the SCA, Inc. Any Chivalric Peer who lets their membership lapse is on their honor to withhold from performing the duties of the office. On recommendation of 2 Regional Marshals to the Earl Marshal a Chivalric Peer will be accorded the rank of Senior Marshal, if not one already.

D.As part of the fighter authorization process all armored combatants who are not already authorized as MIT's will be authorized as such.

E. MARSHAL

Once a MIT feels they are ready to advance to Marshal the following process shall be used.

1. The authorization requires four persons: a member of Caid's Chivalry, a Senior Marshal (Can be another member of the Chivalry that holds that authorization), an experienced authorized fighter (these three shall be called the Authorization Team "AT"), and the candidate going through the authorization.

2. Authorizations for Marshal shall be conducted at tourneys, practices, and wars (or war practice) so that candidate may show knowledge in all combat situations. The authorization process for Marshal will probably take more than one event to complete. A copy of the Caid Combat Handbook should be present.



3. The authorization shall be conducted as follows:

a. All authorizations for armored combat MUST be held at an SCA event (this includes published fighter practices).

b. The "AT" must verify the candidate is a member of the SCA.

c. The "AT" shall ensure the candidate is familiar with the Caid Combat Handbook. Each shall ask the candidate a minimum of three questions directly relating to the above mentioned book. As a convenience the Earl Marshal will provide a pool of questions that can be used if the "AT" wishes. If there is a majority (two of the three agree) that the questions were answered adequately, the process may continue. If there is not a majority, the candidate's authorization shall end and that person must attempt to authorize at a later event. The "AT" shall explain clearly and precisely the reasons for ending the process.

d. Candidates must show competence in inspecting armor and weapons for safety and to determine repairs, if needed.

e. Candidates must show they can recognize danger to themselves on the field and take evasive action without stopping the fight.

f. Candidates must have the ability to project commands so that they may be heard by combatants, before and during combat. The candidate must show a willingness to take control, show style, good technique, show safe behavior, promote safety, react well to pressure, resolve problems well, and show the ability to recognize concerns. If not, then the authorization process ends as in step “c”.

g. Once the candidate has shown knowledge and competency in tourney, melee and war situations, the "AT" shall confer to decide if the candidate exhibits adequate performance as a marshal. There must be a majority of the three for the candidate to receive authorization. If the majority is positive, the "AT" shall fill out the candidates authorization form and that person shall be congratulated and acknowledged as a Marshal.

h. The Marshal running the authorization shall issue the authorization card to the new marshal. The Authorizing Marshal must ensure the authorization form is filed with the Lists office. If out of permanent cards complete the temporary card on the authorization form.



F. SENIOR MARSHAL

A Marshal can request to advance to the rank of Senior Marshal once the following conditions are met.

1. Has been an authorized armored combatant for three years. At the discretion of the Earl Marshal, the Sovereign, and a 2/3rds majority of the Caidan Chivalry the requirement to be, or have been, an authorized armored combatant may be waived.

2. Has been an active Marshal for one year.

3. The authorization requires four persons: the Earl Marshal, his Successor Deputy, and a Regional Marshal, (these three shall be called the Authorization Team "AT"), and the candidate going through the authorization. If the Earl Marshal and/or his Successor Deputy are not available then up to 2 more Regional Marshals are required. Authorizations for Senior Marshal shall be conducted at tourneys, practices, and wars (or war practice) so that the candidate may show superior knowledge and performance in all combat situations. Running at least one authorization for participation in Armored Combat will also be conducted as part of the authorization. Such authorization can be staged if there is no fighter needing authorization available. The authorization process for Senior Marshal should take more than one event to complete. A copy of the Caid Combat Handbook should be present.

4. The authorization shall be conducted as the above authorization for Marshal is, with the following additions.

a. For any step where the AT needs to confer, The Earl Marshal, if present, has the responsibility to override a majority if he feels the candidate is not ready.

b. For step c above the questions should be significantly harder than those asked during a Marshal's authorization.

c. For step g above, if the Earl Marshal is not present the authorization will be provisional pending approval by the Earl Marshal.



G.SENIOR SIEGE MARSHALS

Senior Marshals will be appointed to the rank of Senior Siege Marshal at the discretion of the Deputy Earl Marshal for Combat Archery and Siege.

H.REGIONAL MARSHALS

Senior Marshals will be appointed to the rank of Regional Marshal at the discretion of the Earl Marshal.

I. RE-AUTHORIZATIONS

1. Only two observing marshals are required in addition to the candidate. It is recommended that one be a member of the Chivalry and the other a Senior Marshal, however two Senior Marshals are acceptable. In the case of a Senior Marshal candidate the marshals reauthorizing them should be Regional Marshals.

2. Marshals wishing to re-authorize must only show a verbal knowledge of the rules by successfully answering a minimum of three questions each asked by the member of the Chivalry and the Senior Marshal. In addition they must provide proof of membership.

3. Those Marshals whose authorization has been expired for more than 1 year, or whom the Marshals reauthorizing them deems unfamiliar with current combat regulations, must go through the New Authorization process to renew their authorization.

J. MEMBERSHIP REQUIREMENT

In addition to providing proof of membership at the time of authorization, re-authorization, and yearly by July 1st, the marshal is required to maintain proof of membership with the Lists Minister. On membership renewal they can either send proof of membership to the Lists Minister (a copy, hard or electronic, of the card or letter is acceptable) or ask the Lists official at an event to log the change in expiration date.

III. D UTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A MARSHAL

A.A Marshal must be thoroughly familiar with the Rules of the Lists, Corporate and Kingdom Marshaling standards, and Conventions of Combat. A Marshal should possess a current copy of the Combat Handbook for the Kingdom of Caid and the SCA Marshal’s Handbook, or have access to an online version.



B.A Marshal is an observer with the duty of providing non-judgmental observations to the combatants, but is not (except in extreme cases or by request) to act as final judge of a blow. The fundamental principle here is that the fighters involved can best decide what has fallen with sufficient force on their own bodies. However, it is part of a Marshal's responsibilities to maintain order on the field and to help prevent a fighter from being at an unfair disadvantage.

C. A Marshal should study anatomy sufficiently to be able to advise fighters on the effects of their blows, and should learn to note the direction, angle, apparent force and point of impact of a blow. A Marshal should always be tactful (try) and specific when describing blows to a fighter.

D. If a fighter repeatedly appears to disregard blows, disobey the Rules of the Lists or fights in an unsafe manner, the Marshal should stop the fight, confer with the other Marshals, and then talk to the fighter(s). The Marshal should point out to the combatants the appearance that is given to those watching the fight before allowing the fight to continue in hopes that this may eliminate the problem.

E. A Marshal should be prepared to stop a fight at any point under the following circumstances:

1. Danger on the field including loss of temper.

2. When one of the fighters signals for a halt.

3. An infraction of the Rules, or a conference with the fighters regarding a disputed blow or possible infraction.

F. Fights are stopped by loudly calling “HOLD” until the combatants stop fighting. If a call of “HOLD” does not bring the combat to a halt, the fight should be stopped by whatever means necessary, up to and including physical restraint. Additionally, the Marshal should be prepared to enforce -by exclusion from the Lists, deciding a fight by canceling a List, or any means necessary- the Rules of the Lists and Laws of the SCA and the Kingdom of Caid as they apply to combat.

G.Because of the nature of SCA combat, injuries, both serious and minor do occur. Accordingly, it is the duty of the Marshal to be able to cope with a field injury situation both calmly and effectively. The Marshal shall act in a crowd control capacity at such times, allowing only the medics, the fighter's retainer, consort or next-of-kin near. The remainder of the populace is to be kept back. See further responsibilities under the “Combat Injury Procedures”.



H.A Senior Marshal may authorize novice fighters to compete in Kingdom Lists and either a Senior Marshal or Marshal can approve armor and weapons for use on the field as per the restrictions of their Marshal's rank within the Marshallate.

I. A Marshal must inspect the armor and weapons of the combatants for conformance to the rules of Caid, as set forth in this Handbook, prior to the beginning of combat. Also, they must keep all weapons and armor under careful watch while they are in use on the field, so that any equipment failures may be caught and corrected before safety on the field is compromised.



IV. C ONVENTIONS OF MARSHALING

A.The Marshallate in Caid serves four main functions on the Field of Combat. These are:

1. SAFETY: maintain the safety of the combatants and the spectators.

2. Fair Witness: observe the course of the fight and be able to comment on blows.

3. Enforcement: enforce the Rules of the Lists and the Caidan Combat Conventions.

4. Showmanship: Keep the show moving and avoid blocking views as much as possible.

B.Safety is the primary and overriding priority at all activities.

1. The field itself can cause safety problems. Before you begin, look over the area where the fighting will take place. Look particularly for large holes, soft spots, and rocks. (The fighters will generally accept small holes, rocks, etc. as part of the background.) Once the fight starts, you will want to try to keep it away from these areas. If the hazards are serious, move the fight.

2. Inspection is the second aspect of a Marshal's safety-related activities, verifying all fighters' arms and armor for compliance to the published standards. This will involve checking the armor on the combatant to verify coverage of the major joints, head, neck, upper spine, groin, torso, kidneys, forearms, back of the hands, and any other armored areas as required by the Marshallate. Weapons should be given a cursory inspection to check their soundness and suitability for use. The fighter's Combat Authorization Card should have already been checked by the Lists Officer. For inspection details, see “Equipment Inspection Guidelines”.



3. Control of the combat is the third aspect of a Marshal's safety responsibilities. The Marshals on the field are responsible for the safe conduct of the fighting. Combatants tend to have limited vision and hearing as well as their concentration is on their opponent(s). Typically, they are not as capable of noting dangerous safety hazards as the less encumbered Marshal. In this case, as a Marshal you are literally the eyes and ears of the combatants. The Marshals control the combat by starting the fight after checking that both fighters are ready (this includes a visual once over to ensure that all armor is in place and that wrist and chin straps are secure), and by stopping the fighters with a loud call of “HOLD” when the situation warrants. Situations that warrant a hold are such safety-related items as:

a. Spectator safety

b. Fighter safety

c. Safety related rules infractions

d. Broken armor or weapons

e. Dropped weapon (except in the case of a fighter dropping only one weapon while using a double weapons style, or during melee or war combat)

f. Requests for a hold from one of the fighters.



If fighters approach the edge of the eric, and are about their weapons range away from the eric rope or edge, use the warning “WARE EDGE” in the hope that they will move back out into the eric. Don't call holds needlessly, but if in doubt about the need, err on the side of caution.

C. Fair Witness / Observation of the Combat

1. This means that you watch the combat and are ready and able to describe blows that you have seen, if the fighters question you or you feel that one or both fighters may be having trouble noticing blows. If a fighter questions you about a blow and you did not see it, admit it - do not attempt to make up an answer.

2. Be able to describe approximate impact, angle, and perceived force, direction of the blow and relative movement of the combatants. Such observations are generally easier for a marshal that is an experienced fighter as they gain knowledge of blows from first-hand experience. Non-fighting marshals should discuss combats with fighters in order to get a feel for what is happening.

3. When one or both fighters appear to be having difficulty with blow acknowledgment, call a hold when there is a lull in the fighting and discuss the situation with the fighters. Indicate the blows that have been observed and ask if they were noticed (and were light or glances, etc). As politely as possible indicate how the blows appeared to an outside observer (yourself). As a Marshal, you should not judge the quality of the blow, only whether it appeared to have struck cleanly and was an edge, etc. The fighter in the armor is the final judge of the blows striking him or her. When bringing up blow problems you must be at your diplomatic best (not a historical asset of the Marshallate, but try anyway). Always attempt to describe blows in a non-judgmental manner. (e.g. NOT “That shot just about took your head off...”, rather use “the blow came in unimpeded to your head - I couldn't tell how much force was behind it, but it struck cleanly and did not glance...”, etc.). If a fighter has repeated problems with blow acknowledgment, alert the Marshal-in-Charge to the problem.

D.Enforcement of the Rules and Conventions

1. The most common violations seen on the field are those of falling over without being pushed, repeatedly approaching the edge, and the dropping of weapons. These infractions are all triple jeopardy, meaning that the fighter will receive warnings twice and upon the third occurrence the fighter will be deemed to have lost the fight or will not be aided by a call of “HOLD”. When warning a fighter about a Rules infraction, inform both the fighter and his opponent as to why the warning was issued.



2. In order to perform these functions, the Marshal must be on the field with the fighters in such a position that they have a clear view of blows given and received by the combatant. Caidan Marshaling conventions call for three Marshals, if at all possible, to watch a combat. When more than one Marshal is available to watch the fight, the Marshal-in-Charge of the field has priority for position. Only under unique circumstances should more than three Marshals be on a single field at once.

3. If three Marshals are available, they should form a loose triangle around the fighters, moving to keep the pair of fighters centered in the triangle and watching whichever fighter is “open” (weapon side) toward them. If there are only two Marshals, each must attempt to move to stay 90 degrees from the plane of the two fighters, again watching the one “open” on their side. If one or both of the fighters are on their knees, the preferred position for the Marshal-of-the-Field is behind and to the weapon side of the fighter on their knees (about 30 degrees to the weapon side). From this position, blows struck by the kneeling fighter can be observed to their striking location and all blows striking the kneeling fighter except those to the opposite hip and side, are visible.

4. In addition to obtaining a good position, a Marshal should ensure that they are free of encumbrances that might impede their movement. Keep mobile, as the fighters will give you no notice that they are changing directions/speed. Also, as far as position goes, place yourself between the fighters and the eric. Always remember that the Marshal is the last line of defense to keep the fighters inside the eric and away form the spectators, however, this does not mean that the Marshal is there to sacrifice him or herself to allow the fighters the last possible blows before calling a hold. If the Marshal feels that they are in peril of being struck, they should call an immediate hold and reposition the fighters on the field.

5. It is recommended that all Marshals have a marshaling staff of approximately 6-7' in length. Ideally it should be marked with yellow and black tape in an alternating “barber-pole” fashion (although this is not required) and have padded tips on both ends. It should NOT possess any ribbons or other items that could fly into a fighter's helm. When fighters are dangerously close to the eric edge DO NOT use the staff in a quarter-staff fashion --the fighter's combined length of arm and weapon is longer than your arms. Instead, place the tip (preferably padded) against the fighter's torso and maintain a steady pressure while calling “HOLD” loudly. When calling hold or starting a fight, place the staff between the two opponents where it can clearly be seen.

E. S howmanship



1. Keep an eye on the audience. SCA combat is a spectator sport just as medieval tournaments were. (A spectator sport for members of the Society and our guests, but a spectator sport nonetheless.) Your part of the show is to keep things moving and avoid blocking the view from the sidelines more than unavoidable. This means fast pre-fight checks and announcements, a minimum of holds and discussions during the fight, and a strenuous effort to stay out of the way and keep moving. (If it’s cold, wear several layers of tunics and move even more; one person in a cloak can interfere with the view of many.)

V.B EING THE MARSHAL-IN-CHARGE

A.As Marshal-in-Charge, you are responsible for organizing the marshaling. This does not mean that you have to do it all yourself. You do need to:

1. Check that the field can be safely fought upon. Preferably, check the site before it is reserved for the event. Can someone in armor, with restricted vision, cross it safely (i.e. without injury: tripping being an inherent hazard of combat in rough terrain)? At minimum, check at the beginning of the day to see if there are holes, soft spots, rocks, etc. If they are serious and cannot be worked around, move the fighting somewhere else.

2. Arrange for equipment inspection. (This is covered in the equipment inspection section.)

3. Arrange for marshals for all of the combat. That means an absolute minimum of one marshal per single combat (preferably two or three). Enough marshals for group combats (melees and war battles) to both surround the fighting (to keep an eye on the boundaries) and keep most of the fights under general surveillance (for things like armor falling off, broken weapons, etc.). (If volunteers seem to be in short supply point out to the fighters that they do not get to start until sufficient marshals are available.)

4. Arrange for heralds to do the cries for closing of lists, order of combat, and to announce each combat. No lists combat should commence unless it has been properly announced.

VI. C ONCERNS ABOUT MARSHALING COMBAT INVOLVING MINORS.

A.While the parent, court-appointed guardian of the minor or adult designated on the “Medical Authorization for Minors form” must ensure:

1. That they are present and watching the combat,



2. That the properly completed “Minor’s Waiver and Informed Consent to Participate in SCA Combat-Related Activities” is present and available. If the parent or court-appointed guardian is not present, then that the “Medical Authorization for Minors form” is also present and available.

The Marshal-in-Charge should make a good faith effort to check that the above is true.

B. If a minor repeatedly appears to be overwhelmed, lacks the coordination to put up an adequate defense, or is unable to focus completely when engaging in combat activities, the minor’s authorization should be revoked by the Marshal-In-Charge. This should then be reported immediately to the Earl Marshal, who will review the circumstances and make a judgment as to whether the minor may continue to participate in armored combat activities.

VII. P ROCEDURES FOR MARSHALING WARS AND MELEES

A.Wars and melees, both very popular forms of combat, require some modifications of marshaling technique. The most notable differences between war/melee combat and lists combats are contained in the War Rules by which wars and most melees are run. For the Marshals, the biggest change is that there are now more fighters on the field (usually many more fighters than Marshals). This results in increased activity and confusion, making the control and observation of individual combats difficult. Therefore, in the case of wars and melees, safety on the field is the primary responsibility of Marshals. To this end the primary duties of a Marshal during a melee/war are:

1. To keep the combatants on the field, and conversely, the non-combatants off

2. To watch for broken equipment and weapons

3. To watch for adherence to the Rules of the Lists and the War/Melee rules

4. To prevent fighters from being illegally “struck from behind”

5. To remove fighters that have lost their tempers or are displaying unsafe or unchivalrous behaviors.



Points 1 and 2 should be self-explanatory. Point 3 may be difficult to observe with many fighters, but when observed, appropriate action should be taken. Point 4 has often been a point of contention between fighters, particularly those “struck from behind”. Point 5 may require the marshal observing the behavior to use “Determinant Marshaling” as defined below.

B.A Marshal-in-Charge shall be chosen for each war (and possibly for each battle, if the Marshal-in-Charge for the war is fighting in the battles).

1. They shall be responsible for the activities of the marshals in his charge.

2. The Marshal-in-Charge for a particular battle may not participate in the battle as a combatant.

C. You should have a minimum of 3 marshals for the first 20 fighters, plus one additional marshal for each 15 fighters up to a total of 500 fighters and 35 marshals. If you have more than 500 fighters (actually, if you have more than 50 fighters), you should have a Senior Marshal as Marshal-in-Charge and a sizable proportion of experienced marshals. It is preferable to have more marshals for free-for-all melees.

D.The marshals should station themselves around the edges of the fight. This allows control of the borders while allowing them to see as much of the fighting as possible in one glance. It also keeps them from having a fight run into them from behind. Be careful that you do not get so interested in the fight in front of you that you forget about another part which is moving around behind. As always, keep moving and stay close enough to spot safety problems.

E. In very large melees it may be desirable to have some of the marshals in the middle of the field, in addition to those around the edge. If you are one of these, be especially aware of fighters who may be coming up behind you (or who you may be backing into).

F. When “Hold!” is called, all fighting shall cease.

1. The fighters shall drop to one knee (if possible) where they stand.

2. Tactical conversations relating to the conduct of the battle are not permitted between combatants.

3. Changes of position/location are not permitted, unless ordered by a marshal.



4. If movement away from a boundary of a hazard is necessary, the fighters shall maintain their relative positions and distances.

5. To end a “Hold!” the Marshal-in-Charge will call “All Rise!” (Or “Rise if You’re Able” or some other equivalent statement). When the combatants have resumed their guard, the Marshal-in-Charge will call “Lay On!” to signal the resumption of the fight.

G.“Hold!” will normally be called only for broken required armor, lost tempers, injuries, safety concerns, outsiders wandering on to the field or fighters about to wander off it, or to enforce the rules and Scenario Limits.

H.“Hold!” should not be called for dropped weapons, fighters who have slipped and fallen (unless they are in danger of injury), or the near approach of a fighter to a boundary where there are neither spectators nor any natural hazards, such as cliffs.

I. Marshals have the preemptory authority to remove from combat and from the field any combatant who violates the rules or Scenario Limits, or who performs any unsafe or dishonorable act. Such removal may only be discussed during the battle if the marshal permits it. The marshals’ ruling may be appealed to the Marshal-in-Charge. See “Determinant Marshaling” for further details.

J. Marshals have the authority to regulate the movement of non-combatants on the field, and to control the location of spectators.

K.Those marshals who are responsible for marshalling wars or large melees should use alternative means to signal “Hold” or “Lay On” and ensure that all fighters know and understand the alternative signaling system. Air Horns are preferred but Marshals may use whistles, bull horns, or other such devices.

VIII. D ETERMINANT MARSHALING AT WARS AND MELEES

A.Marshals at wars and melees have an additional level of responsibility. Fighters that have lost their tempers, are displaying blatantly unchivalrous behaviors, or are creating a safety hazard, are to be informed that they are “killed” and removed from the field. Ideally, this should be performed by the Marshal-in-Charge, but if the situation is critical, any authorized Marshal can perform such a “determinant” kill. Immediately following any such action, the fighter affected should be brought before the Marshal-in-Charge to determine what additional action, if any, should be pursued.



B.Actions that warrant this response include, but are not limited to: a fighter losing their temper on the field, grappling with an opponent, striking an unaware opponent when the attacker is not “engaged” with that opponent (“blind-siding” or “cold-cocking”), striking an opponent with excessive force, etc. Discussions between the fighter and the Marshal involving this type of call should be pursued off the field and preferably after the combat in question.

C. Marshals shall make sure that the Marshal-in-Charge is made aware of any “determinant” calls made during a battle.

IX. B EFORE THE WAR

A.The general rules under which the war will be conducted, compromises between conflicting Kingdoms’ standards, and the Scenario Limits for each planned battle shall be negotiated and agreed to in writing in advance by the authorized representatives of all belligerent groups involved. The rules and Scenario Limits shall be published in the appropriate newsletters. For inter-Kingdom wars, notices shall be placed also in the newsletters of the groups involved. This publication should take place at least thirty (30) days prior to the event. In addition, copies of all of the rules and agreements shall be available on-site, as a handout for people who do not receive (or did not read) the newsletters. For inter-kingdom wars armor and weapons standards shall default to the established Society minimum standards unless otherwise specified in the event rules and scenario limits.

B.Each side in a battle shall provide a reasonable number of trained and experienced marshals, a minimum of 3 marshals for the first 20 fighters, plus one additional marshal for each 15 fighters up to a total of 500 fighters and 35 marshals. If you have more than 500 fighters (actually, if you have more than 50 fighters), you should have a Senior Marshal as Marshal in-Charge and a sizable proportion of experienced marshals. It is preferable to have more marshals for free-for-all melees. If not enough marshals are available, the sides should arrange for a draft from their armies.

C. All marshals should be separately briefed prior to the meetings of all participants. (They should also attend the group briefing.) Emphasis at this briefing should be on enforcing the rules and Scenario Limits for each battle and on preventing accidents that could arise from hazards related to the Scenario Limits and the actual terrain.

D.All participants shall be gathered to hear the Rules and the Scenario Limits explained to them. The autocrats and/or the marshals should answer their questions. If the Scenario Limits vary radically from battle to battle, this procedure should be repeated before each battle.



E. Equipment inspection must take place before combat starts, with particular emphasis on any modifications that have been made in making compromises between conflicting Kingdom standards.

X.P ROCEDURES FOR MARSHALING MISSILE COMBAT AND SIEGE WARFARE

A.Any event which includes combat archery should have a designated Combat Archery Marshal-in-Charge (CAMiC). A CAMiC must hold at least a Senior Marshal’s warrant.

B.The CAMiC will coordinate with the overall event MiC and autocrats to establish a safe area for spectators and non-combatants. The CAMiC shall ensure that all spectators are made aware of the danger of missile weapons prior to the start of combat. The CAMiC shall attempt to minimize the risk to all spectators, participants, and bystanders as much as possible given the constraints of the site; and remove spectators and unarmored participants from the potential line of fire of missiles that are in use.

C. The CAMiC should assure proper eye protection is available and in use as required during combat archery activity.

1. Any non-combatant on a battlefield in Caid where any form of missile weapon is in use, must wear eye protection which meets Standard Specification ASTM F803 (Eye Protectors for Selected Sports). Tests defined by this specification simulate impacts to eyes as might occur in sports (from balls or racquets). Any sub-class of ASTM F803 eyewear is acceptable, but Class I, which has an integral front frame and lens combination, is preferred. Class III (protection without lenses) is not recommended for our use. ASTM F803 eye wear which fits over eyeglasses is acceptable, if the eyeglasses have polycarbonate lenses. The eye wear may not be modified in any way which might diminish its protection, including removing any retaining head strap.

2. ANSI standard eyewear is specifically prohibited from use, as it does not protect from the injuries which may be inflicted by battlefield projectiles.

3. Any alternatives to this standard (such as marshal’s helms) will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis by the KEM, KDEMCA, or their designated representatives.

4. SCA-legal helms serves as the eye protection for combatants. Consequently, combatants may not remove their helms until they have left an active battlefield.



D.The participating combat archers and their fighting units shall provide a reasonable number of trained and experienced Marshals to assist with missile inspections. A battle where projectiles are in use should have two CA experienced Senior Marshals minimum, plus additional CA experienced marshals if more than 20 archers are fighting (other arrangements can be approved by the KDEMCA or the KEM). If not enough CA experienced marshals are available, combat archery shall not take place until additional CA experienced marshals are drafted from the assembled combatants.

E. During combat there will be a minimum of 1 Siege Marshal for each end of the field that has a siege engine. It is recommended that there be 1 Siege Marshal for every 3 engines in use.

F. Where combat including missiles is to take place, a readily identifiable boundary (edge of the field) for the combat shall be established. The MiCs shall establish a safe distance for the spectators from the boundary, while leaving a “buffer zone” of at least 10 yards (30’) between the edge of the field and the spectator area, as is appropriate to the scenario and missiles used. Spectators and inactive fighters must be outside this zone while combat is still taking place.

G. Inspection of bows, arrows/bolts, engines and ammunition must take place before the equipment may be used. The inspections will be done at a central location designated for the purpose and performed by qualified marshals assigned for the purpose. Equipment which fails inspection may not be used until corrected and reinspected. See Equipment Inspection Guidelines (section XIII) for details about Combat Archery equipment inspection, and the SCA Siege Engine Handbook for details about Siege equipment inspection.

XI. C OMBAT INJURY PROCEDURES

A. Injuries are to be reported to the Earl Marshal in writing with serious injuries to be reported by phone as well as in writing. Injury reports should be sent to the Earl Marshal immediately following the event and summarized in the Marshal's next report. Any injury that causes the fighter to withdraw from the fighting should be reported.

B. It should always be remembered that when an injury occurs on the field the primary concern is getting to and assisting the injured party. Secondary to this objective, but no less important, is the safety of persons entering the field to help and the well being of anyone already on the field. (For example, fighters standing around in armor in the sun could be subject to heat problems.)



C. In the event of an emergency, such as an injury, the marshals shall cooperate with any authorized persons responding to the emergency, and keep the area clear of would-be spectators.

D. In the event of any suspected injury on the field, the marshal shall halt all fighting in the area and determine the proper course of action. The hold may be a “local hold” as long as the safety of the injured person may be maintained. The overall situation should be assessed, and, as the injured party is tended to, every effort shall be made to release as much of the field as possible so that combat may proceed.

E. If the injured person is conscious, they may be asked if they would like assistance. No conscious person will be forced to accept treatment without their consent. No non-combatant shall enter the combat area until summoned by a marshal.

F. A marshal shall call for assistance if they suspect that a participant is experiencing more than momentary distress. It is an extremely serious matter to delay the application of first aid when it is needed, and marshals who ignore injuries may be subject to revocation of their authorization to supervise combat-related activities.

G.No one may remove an injured fighter from the field without the consent of the Marshal-in-Charge or an appointed deputy.

H.Any problems associated with an injury on the field shall be immediately reported to the Kingdom Earl Marshal.

XII. C OMBAT AUTHORIZATION PROCEDURES

A.All authorizations are issued for a period of up to, but not exceeding, four (4) years. Authorizations will expire on the participant’s date of birth.

B.Authorization forms: Caidan armored combat authorizations are divided into 4 categories as follows:

1. One Handed - this includes use of all weapons used one handed that are used with a shield, the use of two weapons and no shield, the use of a thrusting tip on these weapons and the use of thrown weapons.

2. Two Handed - this includes all two-handed weapons, including great swords, great axes, nagi-nata, glaives, bardiches, spears, etc. and the use of thrown weapons.



3. Combat Archery - prospective combat archers must be previously authorized in One Handed or Two Handed weapons and can only be authorized if at least one member of the “AT” is knowledgeable of the rules of Combat Archery and experienced in missile combat.

4. Siege Engineer - prospective siege engineers must be previously authorized in One Handed or Two Handed weapons and can only be authorized if at least one member of the “AT” is knowledgeable of the rules of Siege Warfare and experienced in siege combat.

5. If a fighter did not use a specific type of weapon, style or equipment during their authorization they are on their own recognizance to familiarize themselves with the weapon or style before using it in combat.

C. New Fighters

1. All authorizations require four persons: a member of Caid's Chivalry, a Senior Marshal (Can be another member of the Chivalry that holds that warrant), an experienced authorized fighter (these three shall be called the Authorization Team "AT"), and the candidate going through the authorization. A copy of the Caid Combat Handbook should be present.

2. One and Two handed authorizations

The authorization shall be conducted as follows:

a. All authorizations for armored combat MUST be held at an SCA event (this includes published fighter practices). A variance can be requested of the Earl Marshal for unusual situations. One example would be a Siege Engineer authorization in an area whose practices have no suitably safe place to operate siege equipment.

b. Authorizing marshal must verify candidate passes armor and weapon inspection.

c. The “AT” conducting the process shall ensure the candidate is familiar with the Caid Combat Handbook. Each shall ask the candidate a MINIMUM of three questions directly relating to the above mentioned book. If there is a majority (two of the three agree) that the questions were answered adequately, the process may continue. If there is not a majority, the candidate’s authorization shall end and that fighter must attempt to authorize at a later event. The marshal shall explain clearly and precisely the reasons for ending the process.



d. Candidate must show “AT” how to safely fall down dead/cover-up, yield, kill from behind, and kill on the ground correctly.

e. The candidate shall spar with the test fighter in armor. Blows shall be exchanged and acknowledged with clear declaration, and loud enough so the “AT” may hear location and whether the blow was good or light. After a number of acceptable passes, ask the test fighter to pick up the pace and see how the candidate deals with the enhanced pressure. The objective of this step is to determine whether or not the candidate is safe and aware enough to participate in the rest of the authorization. There must be a majority of the “AT” for the authorization to continue. If not, then the authorization process ends as in step “c”.

f. The candidate and the test fighter shall take turns fighting one another from their knees and then both shall fight from their knees. Declaration of blows shall be the same as above. The objective of this step is to determine whether or not the candidate understands the rules of fighting from, and against a person, on the knees. There must be a majority of the “AT” for the authorization to continue. If not, then the authorization process ends as in step c.

g. The final step shall be a tournament type round. During this step, all blows shall be taken in a normal manner (losing one’s legs, an arm, and falling down when killed). This is not a pass/fail aspect of the authorization. This portion is to ensure that the new fighter is educated in tournament activities (i.e. proper salutations, falling dead, and courteous etiquette).

h. The “AT” shall consult to determine if the authorization was successful. There must be a majority of the “AT” for the candidate to receive authorization. If the majority is positive, the authorizing marshal shall fill out the candidate’s authorization form and that fighter shall be congratulated and acknowledged as an authorized fighter.

i. The Marshal running the authorization shall issue the authorization card to the new fighter. The Marshal must ensure the authorization form is filed with the Lists office. If out of permanent cards complete the temporary card on the authorization form.



3. Combat Archery Authorizations

The authorization shall be conducted as the One and Two handed is for steps a.-d., h. & i. with the following additions:

a. All participants in Combat Archery must be previously authorized in One Handed or Two Handed weapons before being authorized as combat archers.

b. In addition to the qualities required of any fighter attempting to authorize, the Combat Archer must demonstrate an above-average awareness of their surroundings.

c. At least one member of the Authorization Team must be knowledgeable of the rules of Combat Archery and experienced in missile combat.

d. The first part of the test requires an additional experienced fighter to spar with the experienced authorized fighter on the AT. It is recommended that they be armed with Weapon and Shield.

e. For the first part of the authorization the AT should designate a visible line as being a battlefield boundary. Have both fighters begin sparring at a distance of about 10 yards away from the archer and roughly 15 to 20 yards from the defined boundary. Designate one as a friend to the archer and the other as an opponent. Instruct the fighters to call blows but do not cease sparring. Have the fighters move in an arc from center field toward the 'border'.

i. Is the archer able to select his target or does he simply shoot at the combined combat without regard to friend or foe?

ii. Does the archer cease to shoot or relocate himself when he is in danger of shooting toward the 'border'?

After the fighters have maneuvered near the boundary, have the armed fighters continue sparring as above, but remaining stationary. Have the second marshal walk around the field including behind the fighters while the archer is shooting.

iii. Does the archer cease shooting or relocate himself when the marshal is in his line of fire?

f. The second part requires an experienced heavy weapons fighter armed with sword and shield. Have the archer take a position as if his back is up against a battlefield boundary. Start the other fighter



about 15 to 20 yards in front of the archer (be sure there is a clear zone behind the target fighter). Have the target fighter advance at a walk on the archer until within sword range, and strike a normal killing blow (if permissible). Have the archer shoot as desired at the oncoming fighter (who may dodge or attempt to deflect arrows as desired). The archer may not move from his position.

i. Does the archer attempt to block with his bow?

ii. If the archer yields, does he yield correctly?

iii. If the archer allows himself to be hit, does he accept a normal killing blow?

iv. Does the archer demonstrate an ability to basically target the opponent?

v. Does the archer show signs of uncertainty as the opponent is advancing?

g. In addition to the general requirements in the one and two handed authorization, for step h. above, the AT needs to judge the performance of the archer. If the fighter shows tendencies to panic when under attack, to fire arrows in an uncontrolled manner, to attempt to fight with both a weapon and a bow, or attempts to block rattan blows with their bow, they should not be passed. A higher level of skill and situational awareness is expected of a combat archer than for other heavy weapon authorizations. If the AT is in doubt, err on the side of caution.

4. Siege Engineer Authorizations

The authorization shall be conducted as the One and Two handed is for steps a.-d., h. & i. with the following additions:

a. All participants in Siege Warfare must be previously authorized in One Handed or Two Handed weapons before being authorized in Siege.

b. At least one member of the Authorization Team must be a knowledgeable of the rules of Siege Warfare and experienced in missile combat. At a minimum, the authorization should include the following:

i. The fighter must demonstrate an understanding of the rules for siege



ii. Demonstrate that he/she can safely operate an engine

iii. Demonstrate that they are able to inspect their own engine for safety.

iv. Show how to render their engine safe, should the need arise.

v. Understand how engines/engineers are killed by opponents.

c. It is recommended that engineers be observed in action for at least 1 battle before their authorization is made final.

D.Authorizing Minor Fighters for Armored Combat

1. Minors aged 16 and 17 (hereafter, minors) may attempt to authorize in any armored combat form.

2. Only the Kingdom Earl Marshal, Regional Marshal or appointed deputy may authorize a minor.

3. Before the authorization process can begin, the Earl Marshal, Regional Marshal or appointed deputy, shall have a conversation with the minor and their parents or court-appointed guardians. All should be completely informed as to the potential risks (however minor) involved in armored combat. Make sure that the parents or guardians are fully aware of the activities that their child wishes to participate in, including having them observe several combats first-hand. Also, inform the minor that should they not be allowed to authorize, it is not a reflection of their ability or personality, but rather an issue of safety. If the minor’s parents or guardians are opposed to their child’s participation, the authorization may not proceed.

4. Immediately prior to testing, the Earl Marshal, Regional Marshal or appointed deputy must see that the requirements in section I.C. of the Fighters Section are followed

5. If everything is in order, the Earl Marshal, Regional Marshal or appointed deputy may proceed with the authorization.

6. A minor’s authorization is administered as it would be for an adult fighter, with the exception of the following:

a. The Authorization Team consists of 3 Regional marshals, the Kingdom Earl Marshal or appointed deputy, if present, would replace a Regional Marshal. While any one of the 3 may be the test



fighter, if the Earl Marshal is present they should be conducting the Authorization.

b. In addition to the qualities required of any fighter attempting to authorize, the minor must demonstrate above-average physical awareness. If they seem overwhelmed, lacks the coordination to put up an adequate defense, or is unable to focus completely, the minor should not be authorized. It is better to delay authorization to another time, than to allow a minor to participate before they are ready.

c. If the authorization is passed, inform the minor and their parent or guardian that they now have a provisional minor authorization, but that it could be revoked if safety issues arise at any time. Also inform the parents or guardians of their responsibilities, should their child wish to fight. These requirements must be fulfilled each time the minor wishes to participate in armored combat activities.

d. If the Earl Marshal ever feels that a minor should not continue to participate in armored combat activities, remove the authorization until the matter can be reviewed.

e. A properly completed “Minor’s Waiver and Informed Consent to Participate in SCA Combat-Related Activities” must be sent to the Lists Minister along with the authorization paperwork.



E. Re-Authorizations

1. Only two observing marshals are required in addition to the candidate. It is recommended that one be a member of the Chivalry and the other a Senior Marshal, however two Senior Marshals are acceptable.

2. Fighters wishing to re-authorize must only show a verbal knowledge of the rules by successfully answering a minimum of three questions each asked by one member of the Chivalry and the Senior Marshal.

3. Those fighters whose authorization has been expired for more than 1 year, or whom the Marshals reauthorizing them deems unfamiliar with current combat regulations, must go through the New Authorization process to renew their authorization.

XIII. E QUIPMENT INSPECTION GUIDELINES

A.General Information

1. At each event, the Marshal-in-Charge must arrange for the inspection of all of the equipment in use in combat (armor and weapons). This in no way relieves the individual combatants of their responsibility for following the Equipment Standards. Ultimately the fighter is responsible for the condition and safety of their armor and weapons. However, the marshal’s inspection is intended to provide a second pair of experienced eyes and an outside point of view. A reminder: Equipment that was perfectly serviceable at the beginning of the previous event could have broken since. Also even the most experienced fighters can occasionally forget some piece of armor.



2. The inspection outlined below is merely by way of example. (For purposes of illustration, it is for regular armored combat, without missile weapons.) Until you have done it so many times that it becomes redundant; a checklist might be helpful as you do the inspection. (In addition, as noted in the section on marshalling combat, a quick visual check of the combatants just before the start of an individual combat or battle is also a good idea.) The fact that one of the requirements is not mentioned on this checklist does not mean that you should not notice if it has not been met. Armor inspection must be done with all of the armor on the body of the fighter who is going to wear it. It is not otherwise possible to get an accurate idea of what is covered and what is not, nor of where gaps may occur as the combatant moves. In weapon inspections the primary test is safety. If you, as marshal do not believe that the weapon is safe (i.e. if you would not be willing to face it), do not let it be used on the field. In all cases, when in doubt ask the prospective user if he would be willing to fight against the weapon. If not, it may not be used regardless of whether it meets all other requirements. Before you start, remind yourself that armor is hot, not to mention heavy. For example, if the weather is hot, try to find some shade in which to hold the inspection, or at least for the fighters to stand in while waiting to be inspected. Just because it is possible to fight does not mean that it is pleasant or desirable to stand around in armor.

B.Sample Armor Inspection

1. Leg Armor: Check that the front and BOTH sides of the knee are covered. Have the fighter flex his knees (either a keep knee bend or one knee at a time) and see that the knee remains covered and that the articulation (if any) does not gap. Check for sharp edges, broken or missing rivets, or other signs that the equipment is falling apart.

2. Groin: ASK a male or female fighter if they remembered their cup or groin protection. Do NOT attempt to check for it physically.

3. Kidneys: Check for kidney armor. (Kidneys are in the back, at the bottom of the ribs, but the armor should also extend around to the sides.)

4. Elbows: Check that the point and both sides of each elbow are covered. Have the fighter flex his elbows and see that the elbow remains covered and that the articulation (if any) does not gap. Check for sharp edges, broken or missing rivets, or other signs that the equipment is faulty.



5. Forearms: Check the vambraces. Look to see if the rigid material is present on both vambraces and that it will protect the arm if it is hit. Check for sharp edges, broken or missing rivets, or other signs that the equipment is faulty.

6. Hands and Wrists: Check the gauntlet, half-gauntlet and/or basket hilt. Look to see if the gauntlet or half-gauntlet will pinch the hand if it is hit. If using a basket-hilt, ensure that the back of the hand is protected in all fighting positions of the hand. Check for sharp edges, broken or missing rivets, or other signs that the equipment is faulty.

7. Neck and Head

a. During inspection, if the Marshal can lift the forward or rear edge of the helm by hand while the head is held in a normal upright position such that a normal weapon blow could strike an uncovered area of the head or neck, the helm and gorget shall be considered illegal until repaired and again presented for inspection. (Note the additional constraints listed under NECK ARMOR)

b. Whatever protection is chosen for use, the fighter must protect the indicated areas during typical combat activity, including turning the head, raising and lowering the chin, etc. If the thrusting surface of a 1.25-inch diameter thrusting tip can be placed fully against any unarmored portions of the head or neck, or if the thrusting surface of a 3 inch thrusting tip can fully touch the chin and lower jaw, the helm and gorget shall be considered illegal and the problem must be fixed before the helm may be used.

i. Check that the neck, larynx, and cervical vertebrae are covered.

ii. Check the face plate and eye slots (a 1 inch dowel is a quick way to check and hard to argue with) both for size of openings and to be sure that it is firmly secured in place.

iii. Put your hand on the front of the helm, and have the fighter push against it. See that their face does not hit the faceplate. (A gentle touch of the tip of the nose at maximum pressure may not be desirable, but is not necessarily grounds for rejecting the helm.) Repeat with the sides and back of the helm.

iv. Have the fighter turn their head to either side—see that his neck is still not exposed. If the thrusting surface of a 1-1/4 inch thrusting tip can fully touch any unprotected area of the head or



neck, or if the thrusting surface of a 3 inch thrusting tip can fully touch the chin and lower jaw the armor should not pass.

v. Have the fighter tilt his chin up as far as possible and check the neck again (this is intended to simulate the position he might be in if he had just taken a blow high up on the front of the helm). . If the thrusting surface of a 1-1/4 inch thrusting tip can fully touch bare throat, or if the thrusting surface of a 3 inch thrusting tip can fully touch the chin and lower jaw some improvements are in order before the fighting starts.

vi. Have the fighter move their chin down as far as possible and repeat for the back of the neck.

vii.Lift gently on the front of the faceplate, to make sure that the helmet does not rotate easily to expose the face or throat.

viii. After making sure that the fighter does not have their tongue between his teeth, test the chinstrap (or equivalent) by lifting up sharply on both sides of the helm. This should be done by rapidly bringing both hands together and up. The helm should not rise up so far as to expose the head or neck. Check for sharp edges, broken or missing rivets, or other signs that the equipment is faulty.

8. Shield: Check the rim for exposed sharp edges. (For this purpose, a 90-degree angle is a sharp edge.) Check the rest of the shield for sharp edges, broken or missing rivets, or other signs that it is faulty. If intended for use as a pavaise check that the prop is a legal javelin, other shaft only weapon or a properly beveled piece of rattan.

C. Sample Weapon Inspection

1. Swords

a. Check that they meet the minimum diameter (1-1/4 inch or 31.75 mm). A 1-1/4 inch (31.75 mm) no-go gauge will speed this up enormously.

b. Check that the ends are taped, and that there are no exposed cuts in the rattan.

c. Check the quillons or basket hilts for sharp edges, broken or missing rivets, or other signs that they are coming apart.



d. Check the wrist strap or other means that is being used to keep the sword from flying away.

2. Thrusting Tips: Check that they have the minimum cross section. Push on the end to verify the required amount of resilient give.

3. Mass Weapons: Check the padding for give. Check the wrist strap. Consider the total mass of the weapon. (See comments above about weapons in general.)

4. Pole Weapons: Check the thrusting tip, if any. Check the padding for give. Consider the total mass of the weapon. (See the comments above about weapons in general.) Check that the weapon meets the relevant length restrictions.

5. Arrows/Bolts: Check that the pad on the striking end measures at least 1” thick and has the required amount of resilient give. Check for signs of excess wear or loose tape that might trap dirt. On fiberglass shafted arrows and Fellwalker bolts, check that neither end is loose or rotates more than ½ turn. Check that the projectile is properly labeled; and the projectile is properly color-coded.

6. Bows: The physical condition of the bow will be examined for cracks, twists, worn strings, etc. this can be done by a Marshal. Then measure the poundage of the bow on a bow scale, this must be done by a Senior Marshal. If acceptable, it will be labeled with a sticker, which at a minimum will list the measured poundage and the initials of the testing Senior Marshal. An archer should remove his bow from the field for re-inspection, if he suspects it has sustained damage by any means.



XIV. E XPERIMENTAL WEAPONS AND MATERIALS PROCEDURES

A.Before any unapproved weapon or material can be used at Society activities a test plan and a sample of the proposed weapon or material must be submitted to and approved by the Earl Marshal or a designated Deputy. The Society Earl Marshal must then approve the test plan. This plan shall include specifics on construction (i.e. materials used, how assembled etc.), an outline of the test and all restrictions that will be imposed on the test. It shall also tell how long the test period would be. Any samples submitted shall be returned to the submitting party no later than the conclusion of the test period unless otherwise specified.

B. It is the prerogative of the Kingdom Earl Marshal to allow limited testing of alternate or unapproved materials and weapons within a kingdom. Limited testing means the weapon or material may be used at fighter practice, tourneys, and in small melees after all combatants and marshals have been informed the weapon or material is being tested and that it is not approved for general SCA use.

C. All combatants and marshals must consent to the use of the weapon or material before combat begins. If any of the marshals or combatants are opposed to the use of the material or weapon, the material or weapon may not be used. All unapproved materials and weapons shall be marked with alternating bands of red and green tape totaling 6 inches (six inches) in length. Bands shall be visible during weapon usage.

D.Once per quarter throughout the test period, the Earl Marshal will update the Society Marshal on the progress and results of the testing. At the end of the test period the Earl Marshal will provide the Society Marshal with a test summary. This summary shall include a list of injuries that resulted from the use of the weapon or material and any concerns from fighters and marshals that resulted from the testing. The Society Marshal, after consultation with the Earl Marshals, shall determine if the weapon or material is suitable for SCA Combat-Related activities.

XV. P ROCEDURES FOR GRIEVANCE AND SANCTIONS

A.General Problem Solving

1. Usually the combatants are more than willing to correct any problems, or breaches of the rules, which a marshal points out. This is the desired solution—get the problem fixed. However, occasionally some action is required. In the unhappy event that you find it necessary, here is how you shall proceed. (In order of preference):



a. Point out the violation (missing armor, grappling during combat, etc.) and ask the fighter to correct it.

b. In the case of missing or inadequate armor, do not allow the combatant onto the field until it has been fixed.

c. In the case of violation of the rules during combat, ask the combatant to leave the field, and do not allow combat to resume until they have cooled off. This particularly includes removing from the field anyone who has lost their temper.

d. If you need support, call on (in order):

i. Any other marshals who are present, preferably a Senior or Regional Marshal.

ii. The local Knight Marshal.

iii. The Marshal-in Charge.

iv. The Kingdom Earl Marshal.

v. The local Seneschal

vi. The Kingdom Seneschal

vii.The Crown

e. If the violation cannot be stopped, convince the Marshal-in-Charge and the local Seneschal to end the event.

f. In extremity, you should stand forth in the center of the field and, on your own authority, inform all those present that this is no longer a Society event and they are on their own. (This is actually only true if you are the Marshal-in-Charge, but it may shock people into paying attention. So far, it has not been necessary to go further than involving the other marshals present.)

g. In any case where voluntary correction was not made after the problem was pointed out; a written report shall be made to the Earl Marshal as soon as possible after the event.



B.Grievance Procedures

1. There are three procedures for dealing with a grievance:

a. The Marshal-in-Charge

b. The Report System

c. Sanctions

Any appeals and all reviews of decisions made under these systems shall be made with the Earl Marshal.

2. The Marshal-in-Charge

As the Marshal-in-Charge is the head marshal of an event all problems pertaining to conduct on the field should be brought to their attention. Anyone can bring a matter before the Marshal-in-Charge: a rules violation, unsafe behavior, illegal weapons use, etc., and get an (almost) immediate response. The individual complaining should bring their complaint to the Marshal-in-Charge of the event and request they review the matter.

a. In the event that the Marshal-in-Charge finds them self with a conflict of interest, they shall select another Authorized Marshal to take their place, preferably a Regional or Senior Marshal.

b. The Marshal-in-Charge is authorized to handle such problems as unchivalrous conduct, use of excessive force, violations of the Rules of the List, use of illegal or un-inspected equipment, etc. They may also review events leading up to an injury, and to examine whom, if anyone was at fault.

c. The Marshal-in-Charge has the power to:

i. Remove a fighter/participant from the Lists for that event and/or suspend an authorization. A fighter may not practice under a suspended authorization.

ii. Warn a fighter/participant that the above actions may be taken if the problem continues.

iii. Decide that there was no infraction of the Rules or that other actions may be the cause of the problem and examine those.



d. Any direct action taken by the Marshal-in-Charge (such as removing a fighter/participant from the Lists, suspending an authorization, etc.) must be reported to the Earl Marshal within a week and shall be reviewed as soon as possible by the Earl Marshal.

e. Decisions of a Marshal-in-Charge shall stand until reviewed by the Earl Marshal.

f. Appeals of any decisions, either by the complainant or the defendant, shall be reviewed by the Earl Marshal.

3. The Report System

This system is intended as a means for complaints concerning a given individual to be received and addressed directly by the Earl Marshal. It requires that the Earl Marshal take an active role in the enforcement and oversight of the Marshallate and is essentially a codification of the Earl Marshal's existing powers.

a. Upon receipt of 2 or more unsolicited complaints (written or verbal) against a combatant, the Earl Marshal shall review the behavior of the individual involved. These include reports of issues brought before, and actions taken by, a Marshal-in-Charge

b. If the complaints are found to have merit, the individual involved shall be put on report for a specified period of time. The offending individual shall be privately informed that they are on report. Complaints and corrective action will be forwarded to the individual in question, Kingdom Seneschal, and the Sovereign.

c. While the individual is on report, no further disciplinary action shall be taken under this system unless additional complaints are received.

i. If the individual returns to accepted levels of conduct during the report period, no further action will be taken, and the individual will be removed from report.

ii. If any additional complaints are received during the period that the individual is on report, further disciplinary action will be taken by the Earl Marshal (i.e., revocation of fighting authorization; revocation of a particular weapon form; restriction from fighting except under specified conditions; etc.) on a defined period of time. This decision may and should be appealed to the Sovereign.



iii. If further complaints are received and verified during the period of disciplinary action, then the case will be further reviewed by the Earl Marshal and Sovereign for further disciplinary action. The Society Marshal’s advice should be obtained.

4. Sanctions

In addition to getting the problem combatant off of the field at the time, some long-term sanctions are available. These will be applied by the Marshallate of the Kingdom rather than by a local marshal. Procedures outlined in Caidan Kingdom Law or current Marshal policies shall be adhered to when sanctioning any person.

a. Possible sanctions include:

i. Revoking the authorization of the individual to fight with a particular weapon, or weapon function (e.g.: no thrusting).

ii. Revoking the authorization of the individual to fight at all. A fighter may not practice under a suspended authorization.

iii. Recommendation to the Crown to banish the individual from participation in events.

iv. Recommendation to the Board to banish the individual from the Society and its activities.

b. If any of these long-term sanctions are in progress, the Society Marshal shall be informed by the Earl Marshal.

c. If authorization has been revoked, it is probably desirable to inform the Earl Marshals of any neighboring Kingdoms where the (ex-) fighter might travel. And once the long-term sanction has been applied, a report shall be made to the Marshal of the Society.

d. Note that an authorization from any Kingdom may be suspended/revoked in another Kingdom, should it prove necessary and appropriate. Such suspension/revocation means that the fighter may not fight anywhere in the Society until and unless it is resolved. Accordingly, the Earl Marshal shall inform the Earl Marshals of the fighter’s Kingdom and the neighboring Kingdoms.

e. Furthermore, if the fighter is subsequently re-authorized, the neighboring Earl Marshals shall again be notified.



APPENDIX-A

Definitions

Active Use: A weapon or shield is defined as being in active use when at least one point of control of the weapon or shield is the hand

Aventail: A chain mail, leather, or cloth draped from the helm to protect the neck and throat.

APD: Anti-Penetration Device; device to prevent entry of the nock end of a projectile into a helm grill.

Basket Hilt: A basket of rigid material used as hand protection on a weapon.

Bastard Sword: A single or double-edged, bladed, cutting and thrusting weapon intended to be used with one or two hands

Bill: A visor or sun guard that is attached perpendicularly to the brow on a helm.

Blind Siding: Striking an opponent while either turned away or disengaged.

Blunt: the impact end of a combat arrow or bolt

Brigantine: A set of rigid plates attached to a cloth or leather coat worn as armor.

Butt Spike: A thrusting tip found on the back end of a weapon (see Thrusting Tip).

CA: combat archer or combat archery.

Camail: A chain mail, leather, or cloth draped from the helm to protect the neck and throat.

Chain mail: A series of metal rings interlaced together as armor.

Cold Cocking: Terminology given to striking an unsuspecting combatant.

Crest: A prominent ridge that runs across the top of a helm.

Clackers: Rattan strips laminated to the outside of a mass weapon’s head used to produce a distinctive sound.

Ear Channels: Cuffs that are attached to the side of the helm.



Eric: The area where fighting takes place. Normally this will be delineated by poles and ropes, separating the spectators from the fighters.

Fellwalker: a specific configuration of fiberglass shafted crossbow bolt utilizing a Heavy Modified UHMW head.

Gauge: 16 gauge shall be 0.0625” \1.6mm \ 1/16” in thickness

Gauntlet: A period term for hand protection.

Glaive: A bladed pole arm from Europe.

Gleaning: typically picking up and re-shooting projectiles; sometimes referred to as Recovery and Reuse in these rules, as the term ‘gleaning’ can be mis-interpreted.

Gorget: A historic term for neck armor.

Great Sword: A two-handed sword with a single or double-edged blade capable or cutting and/or thrusting.

Great Weapon: A two-handed pole-weapon with cutting, smashing, and/or thrusting capabilities.

Haft: The non-bladed portion of a pole arm or mass weapon.

Head: The built up portion of a mace, ax, or hammer of a mass or pole weapon.

Lag Bolt: A course threaded bolt used for fastening a pommel.

Leather, heavy: 10 oz (approx). stiff, oak-tanned leather about 1/8” thick.

Mace: A staved weapon with a constructed head (see mass weapons).

Mail: (also see: Chain Mail) Any style of metal rings interlaced or attached closely together as armor.

Mass Weapon: Any weapon with a constructed or built up head or wide blade (e.g. Mace, Axe, Hammer, Falchion).

Melee: A combat style with 2 or more combatants as teams.

Melee Rules: Traditionally, team combat allowing no “kills from behind”.

Nagi-Nata: A bladed pole arm from Asia.

Pole-Weapon: (see Great Weapon) Any weapon made to be used with two hands.



Pommel: A knob attached to the bottom of a handle to counter weight the weapon.

Projectile: any object which can be thrown or fired on a battlefield.

Quillions: A crossbar used as defensive mechanism that is placed between a sword’s handgrip and the blade.

Rattan Clacker: A piece of rattan placed along the striking edge of a mass weapon to produce a more solid striking surface.

Resilient Foam: Dense plastic closed-cell foams such as Ensolite™.

Resilient Material: Resilient Foam or equivalent.

Ricassos: A set of additional quillions and hand grip found on a two handed sword.

Rigid Material: any of the following combinations of materials:

- Steel not less than 22 ga.

- Aluminum not less than 18 ga.

- High-impact plastic at least 1/8” thick

- Heavy leather that has been boiled in wax, soaked in polyester resin or otherwise treated so as to obtain a similar result.

- Two layers of untreated heavy leather

- Thick deep-pile carpet that has been soaked in polyester resin.

- Two layers of untreated thick deep pile carpet

- Steel or aluminum plates of at least 22 ga attached to heavy leather with no more than 3/4” gap between plates.

Siloflex or equivalent (“siloquivalent”): Siloflex is a brand-name for Polyethylene tubing meeting a particular specification, but all forms of the accepted material is usually called Siloflex for short. There are other brands meeting the same specification. See the SCA Combat Archery rule set for a list of equivalents.

Single-Handed Sword: A single or double edged, bladed, cutting and thrusting weapon used with only a single hand.

TB: short for tennis ball; used in abbreviating an arrow configuration.



Thrusting Tip: A padded tip made to absorb pressure allowing for safe thrusting.

Trigger: A loop of leather attached to the handgrip of a weapon used to increase control.

Tsuba: A Japanese style of quillions used on single and double handed swords.

UHMW: Ultra High Molecular Weight; a dense type of polyethylene plastic.

Vambrace: A historic term for forearm armor.

War Rules: Traditionally, team combat allowing “kills from behind” in melees.



APPENDIX-B

CONTENTS FOR A TERRITORIAL MARSHAL'S QUARTERLY REPORT:

Number of active Marshals by type

Number of active Marshals-in-Training

Equipment in area such as eric poles, ropes, Marshaling staves, etc.

Status of combat in your area by type: Armored Combat, including Combat Archery, Period Fencing, etc.

Synopsis of Events held during the last quarter and a Tourney Report for each

A listing of any local fighter practices

A listing of any local armor workshops that are open all fighters

The approximate number of active fighters:

- Beginning

- Experienced

- Belted

The status of any local fighting units

Any general comments on fighters, armor problems, etc.



APPENDIX-C

REQUIREMENTS FOR MARSHALS AND ERIC SIZES:

Standard lists tourney:

Minimum 2 Marshals per field (including MITs).

Minimum Eric size 40x40.

Exceptions to this minimum size for standard lists can be made for demonstrations or other locations with constricted size, but if the eric is decreased below 30x30, then 3 Marshals are required to help protect the populace (though they may not all be able to be in the eric). The reasons for using a smaller than minimum eric must be documented in the Tourney Report

2-6 man/team melee tourney:



7+ man/team melee tourney:





TOURNEY REPORT FORMGreetings to the Earl Marshal:

I have the honor to report that the ______________________________________________________ was (tourney name)held on the ____________ of_____________________ in ____________________________________ (day) (month/year) (Barony/Shire/Canton)The event was held at:__________________________________________________________________ (Park, facility, etc, including city name)and was attended by approximately _______ people, including _______ fighters.

The Lists Officer of the day was _____________________________ and _______ site waivers were signed.

The List(s) was won by__________________________________________________________________ (Include combat style (Armored Combat, Period Fence, etc. ) __________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Weapons and armor were inspected by_____________________________________________________

There were _______ authorizations performed. There were _______ failed authorizations.

The ruling Noble at the event was _________________________________________________________

The Marshal-in-Charge was _____________________________________________________________ They were assisted by (please list all Marshals and MITs) _________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________April 22nd, 2006 The Combat Handbook of Caid 6th Edition

(4/06) Page 113The online version of this document is the officially released version from the Caid Earl Marshal. Any copies or print-outs, either full or partial, are not controlled.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Any additional details of the event: _______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Synopsis of any injuries requiring withdrawal from fighting (report attached): _________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

This report was submitted by:_____________________________________________________________

Signed: ________________________________________________ Date: ________________________



INJURY REPORT FORM

Event: ____________________________________________________ Date:_____________________

Location:___________________________________________________________________________ (city, county, state, SCA territory)Marshal-in-Charge:__________________________________________ Phone: (______)____________

INJURED PARTY

Legal Name: ________________________________________________________________________

Phone: (______)____________ SCA Name:_________________________________________________

Address:____________________________________________________________________________

Description of injury:__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Apparent cause and circumstances of injury:_________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

TREATMENT

Treated at site by:_____________________________________________________________________ (Legal name & SCA name)Treatment administered:________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________



__________________________________________________________________________________

Additional Treatment by hospital or physician (if known):________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Comments by Marshal: _________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Signed:____________________________________________________________________________ (Legal Name)

(SCA Name)



WARRANT OF APPOINTMENT TO OFFICESociety for Creative Anachronism, Inc.

Let it be known that _____________________________________________________(Legal Name)

of ___________________________________________________________________(Full Address)

______________________________________________________________ (Telephone and Email)

known within the Society as ____________________________________________ (Society Name)

is hereby appointed as _________________________________________________ (Office/branch)

for a period of __________________ (Term of Office or Equivalent) or until _____________ (Date).

This Warrant shall become effective upon ___________________________________ (Date) and supersedes any existing or previous Warrant for this office.

SIGNED: DATE:

_________________________________________________________ ________________

_________________________________________________________ ________________

_________________________________________________________ ________________

Required signatures – please sign with legal name only: Corporate or Society Officers: three Board members. Deputy Corporate or Society Officers: two Board members and the appropriate Corporate or Society Officer. Kingdom Officers with Society superiors: Crown and the appropriate Society Officer. Great Officers: Crown/Coronet and the appropriate kingdom/principality officer, if any. Lesser Officers: Crown/Coronet and the appropriate kingdom/principality officer, if any. Other officers: as established by kingdom law and custom, but must include more than one signature, and must include royalty.

This warrant supersedes all previous warrants for this position. Once it has been completed, copies must be sent to all parties involved in the execution of the warrant. It will serve as formal proof of appointment for any officer.

This form may be photocopied or reproduced in any mechanical medium that preserves the complete text. No alterations are permitted, except for the establishment of consolidated warrants prepared as described in Corpora VII.K.1.



The Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.Minor's Waiver and Informed Consent to Participate in SCA Combat

This waiver MUST be signed for you to receive an authorization card for field activities, but need not be re-executed when you authorize for additional field activities. However, it must be re-executed when your authorization card expires, and a new waiver filed with the Lists Office.

PRINT! SCA Name:______________________________________________________

PRINT! Legal Name:______________________________________________________

PRINT! Street:___________________________________________________________

PRINT! City:___________________________ STATE:_________ ZIP:_____________

PRINT! Parent's Legal Name:_______________________________________________

PRINT! Address, if different:_______________________________________________

I, being a legal adult and the parent/legal guardian of the above minor person, having read and understood the contents of this document, agree and consent to the provisions contained herein. It is the intention of the aforesaid minor person to participate in SCA combat-related activities (such as armored combat, period fencing, marshaling, combat archery, scouting and banner-bearing) at events sponsored by the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc. I acknowledge that these activities are potentially dangerous and that I and the minor person voluntarily accept any risks involved. In consideration of the minor's being permitted to take part in these activities, I and the said minor agree to be bound by the rules of the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc., and to obey the directions of the marshals and other governing officials of these activities. In the event of any disagreements or disputes arising from the minor's taking part in these activities, we agree to submit such disagreements or disputes to a board of arbitration appointed by the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc., and to abide by any decisions reached by such board. I agree to release, hold harmless and keep indemnified the Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc., its organizers and agents, officials, servants and representatives from and against all claims, actions, costs, expenses and demands in respect to death, injury, loss or damage to the minor's person or property, howsoever caused, arising out of or in connection with taking part in these events, even if the same may have been contributed to or occasioned by the negligence of the said body or of any of its agents, officials, servants or representatives. It is understood and agreed that this agreement is to be binding on myself, upon the minor person, and upon my and their heirs, executors and assigns.

Parent's/Legal Guardian's signature:_______________________________________Date: _________________

I, the said minor person, have read and understand the contents of this document and agree and consent to the provisions contained herein.

Minor's signature:_____________________________________ Date: ________________

Witness:____________________________ Witness:_____________________________

Lists use only: Expiration date:______________________-----------------------STATE OF __________________________ COUNTY OF _____________________________

I, a Notary Public of the State and County aforesaid, do hereby certify that __________________________________personally appeared before me this day and acknowledged the due execution of the foregoing instrument.Witness my hand and official stamp or seal, this the ___ day of __________, 20___

______________________________________ (notary seal)



Notary PublicMy Commission Expires:



The Society for Creative Anachronism, Inc.

Medical Authorization for MinorsI, _____________________________________________________, the parent of or legal guardian of

__________________________________________, a minor, do hereby authorize any one or more of

_____________________________________, ________________________________________or

______________________________, as agents for myself in my absence or incapacitation to consent to anyx- ray examination and anesthetic, medical or surgical diagnosis or treatment and medical care which isdeemed advisable by and is to be rendered under the general or special supervision of any physician orsurgeon licensed under the provisions of the Medical Practice Act on the medical staff of any hospitalwhether or not such diagnosis or treatment is rendered at the office of said physician or at saidhospital.

It is understood that this authorization is given in advance of any specific diagnosis, treatment orhospital care being required but is given to provide authority and power on the part of the aforesaidagents to give specific consent to any and all such diagnosis, treatment or hospital care whichaforementioned physician in the exercise of his or her best judgement may deem advisable.

I hereby authorize any hospital which has provided treatment to the above- named minor to surrenderphysical custody of such minor to the above - named agents upon the completion of treatment.

These authorizations shall remain effective until ___________________, ______________.

Signature of Parent or Legal Guardian: _____________________________________________

Date: ________________________________________________________________________

Please note any specific health plan or insurance information such as membership or policynumbers on the back of this form.

Copies of this form, duly executed, should be in the possession of the named minor; at least oneadult named in the document and present at the event; and the parent or guardian executing theMedical Authorization.

The SCA requires minor participants (i.e., those having to have waivers) whose parents or legalguardians are not present at the event to have a valid Medical Authorization form. The SCArecommends use of the Medical Authorization for all minors whose parents or legal guardians arepresent.

STATE OF

COUNTY OF

SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO before me this ___________ day of ________________, 20

____________________________________________ (notary seal)Notary Public

My Commission Expires:



INDEX In Progress



the combat handbook of caidmarshal.sca-caid.org/pubs/archives/20070516... · web viewthe combat...

Documents