the cold war key events and policies. key u.s. policies ► containment ► collective security ►...
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The Cold War
Key Events and Policies
Key U.S. Policies
►Containment►Collective Security►Deterrence (MAD)►Foreign Aid►Defense build up, race to maintain
technological superiority►Summitry
The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle
Soviet & Eastern Bloc
Nations[“Iron
Curtain”]
US & the Western
Democracies
GOAL spread world-wide Communism
GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan]
METHODOLOGIES:1. Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
2. Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
3. Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy] “proxy wars”
4. Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]
Yalta 1945
►Considered the beginning of the Cold War
►Allowed for Soviet control of countries (including East Germany) that it liberated from Nazi control (i.e. Eastern Europe)
►Stalin promises “free elections”
The Division of Berlin
Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech 1946
►Referring to Soviet domination of eastern Europe and the installation of Communist governments with varying degrees of Soviet pressure.
►1946 Poland, 1947 Hungary, Rumania, 1948 Czechoslovakia, etc.
The Bipolarization of Europe
The Truman Doctrine March 1947
►The United States pledges to support “free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures”.
►Immediate application: Greece and Turkey
National Defense Budget [1940-1964]
1947-1948
►1947 The Marshall Plan►1947 The policy of containment is
articulated by George F. Kennan►1948 Berlin Blockade and the Berlin
Airlift (321 days)
1949
►NATO established►West Germany formed►Soviets explode A-bomb►Chinese communists win civil war,
Nationalist government flees to Taiwan
1950
►The U.S. begins aid to the French in Vietnam
►Sino-Soviet Pact►The Korean War (1950-1953)
Korean War
[1950-1953]
Korean War[1950-1953]
Syngman Rhee
Kim Il-Sung
“Domino Theory”
The Shifting Map of Korea[1950-1953]
1955-1957
►1954 French lose Vietnam►1955 Warsaw Pact►1956 Hungarian Revolt crushed by
Soviets►1956 Suez Crisis►1956 Khruschev’s “we will bury you”
speech►1957 Eisenhower Doctrine (Middle
East)►1957 Soviets launch Sputnik 1 and 2►1957 U.S. and Soviets test ICBM’s
1959-1972
►1959 Cuban Revolution►1959 U2 spy plane shot down over
U.S.S.R.►1961 Bay of Pigs invasion►1962 Cuban Missile Crisis►1968 Prague Spring►1972 Nixon visits China: détente, SALT
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