J.K. Sundaray,Ph.D

CIBA

3

India Today…..

16.8% of the world’s population & 11% livestock

2.4% of the world’s land

4.2% of the world’s water

51% arable land & 137% cropping intensity

142 m ha cultivated & 55 m ha irrigated

65% of population engaged in agriculture

21% contribution in GDP

11.2% earning of total exports

Pressures on Natural

Resource Base

Deforestation

Soil erosion

Desertification

(million ha)

Land degradation 107.43

Water erosion 57.15

Degraded forests 24.90

Wind erosion 10.46

Salt-affected 6.32

Acid-affected 12.00

Others 8.60

Per capita agricultural

land availability

0.34 ha (1950-51)

0.17 ha (1999-2000)

0.12 ha (2010-2011)

Biodiversity for

Posterity

World

Estimated Species 10 million

Documented species 1.72 million

India: Among the 12 Mega bio-

diversity Centres

India: 3 of the 34 Hot Spots of

Biodiversity

12% of world’s flora

7% of world’s fauna

National Bureaus of Plant,

Animal, Fish, Microbes and

Insects

Y = 4

t/ha..

* KBS

Traditional

Farming

(Early

1900s)

Mechanizatio

n

(1960s)

Green Revolution

(1970s)

Biotechnology

Era

(2000s)

Technology

Convergence

(21st century)

Y = < 0.5

t/ha,

Feudalism

Y = >0.5

t/ha,

Land

Reforms

Y = >1

t/ha,

Co-

operatives

Y = >1.5 t/ha,

HRD/

Technological

Break Through

Distinct Transitions:

Agricultural Era

* Knowledge based Society

6

Farm holdings are shrinking

Production cost rising

Resource drain from farming

Water crisis

Shallow soils with decreasing

productivity

Loss of Biodiversity

Increasing biotic and abiotic pressures

Slow pace of diversification

High post-harvest losses as high as 25%

Inefficient energy management

Inadequate markets

Increasing knowledge lag

Climate Change

Emerging Challenges

7

National Achievements

Record food production : 250.00 MMT (2011– 12)

Cereals production : 39.67 MMT

Pulses production : 15.19 MMT

Oilseeds production : 28.21 MMT

Cotton production : 23.19 Million bales

Fruits production : 45.20 MT

Vegetables production : 84.81 MT

Fisheries share

• 4.7 % global fisheries

production

• 2.5 % global trade

• 1.07 % countries GDP

• 5.34 % natural Ag. GDP

• 18 % natural Ag. export

• Rs. 8000 crores export

revenue

9

Livestock and Fisheries

Milk production : 112.50 MT

Eggs production : 59.8 Billion

Meat production : 3.8 MMT

Wool production : 43.20 Million Kgs

Fish production : 7.90 MMT (Inland : 4.82 + Marine : 3.0 MMT)

Achievements ……

Fisheries Development in India

Resources

• 8118 Km Coastal line

• 2.02 million sq km EEZ

• 0.19 million km Rivers &

Canals

• 3.15 m ha Reservoirs

• 3.26 m ha Ponds & Farms

• 1.24 m ha Brackish Water

Aquaculture

Inland

29%

Marine

71%

Inland

60%

Marine

40%

Marine

55%

Inland

45%

Fish production trends

Coastal Fisheries & Aquaculture:

The Code of Conduct (CCRF)

The Code is voluntary and global in scope and provides principles and standards applicable to the conservation, management and development of all fisheries. It also covers capture, processing and trade of fish and fishery products, fishing operations, aquaculture, fishery resources and the integration of fisheries in the coastal area management.

It is important to keep in mind that the

Code is not “cast in stone”. Rather, it

outlines the broad objectives and principles

for responsible fisheries. It has to be

adapted to local realities if national

implementation is to be fostered. Popular

participation in adapting the Code to suit

national conditions will also lead to

enhanced acceptance and implementation

of the Code.

World Fisheries

For human consumption: fish = 18% of all animal protein consumed

World trade of fish: more than US $ 50 billion/year; half by developing countries; more important than tea, coffee

Total production: = 148 million tonnes (mt) 2010 (128 mt used as human food)

154 MT 2011

capture fisheries = 86 mt = 74%

(marine = 67 %; inland = 7%)

aquaculture = 31 mt = 26%

for human consumption = 79%

World Fisheries: Major Issues

Contribution to food security

– food supply and human nutrition

Poverty alleviation and rural development

– livelihoods of small scale fishing & farming

communities

Sustainable development

– conservation and management of

resources

World Fisheries: Major Issues

Over-fishing & excess capacity of fishing

effort

Environmental effects of fishing: habitat

degradation

By-catch, discards

Environmental impacts (pollution, habitat

degradation) ON fishery resources:

inland waters, also coastal waters

The Code of

Conduct for

Responsible

Fisheries (FAO, 1995)

The CCRF: Its Origins

FAO Committee of Fisheries meeting 1991: call

for more responsible practice, better

management

1992 Cancún Conference on Responsible

Fishing called on FAO to prepare a Code of

Conduct

Technical Consultations 1992-1995 lead to

adoption of CCRF by FAO Conference

Member Governments

The CCRF: Its Goals

sustainable benefits from fisheries in

terms of food, employment, trade and

economic well-being for people throughout

the world

provides principles and standards

applicable to the conservation,

management and development of all

fisheries

The CCRF: Its Structure

Articles of the Code

– Art. 1: Nature and scope

– Art. 2: Objectives of the Code

– Art. 3: Relationship with other International

Instruments

– Art. 4: Implementation, Monitoring and Updating

– Art. 5: Special Requirements of Developing

Countries

– Art. 6: General Principles (State Responsible)

The CCRF: Its Structure

Articles of the Code

– Art. 7: Fisheries management (Training programme for

fishermen)

– Art. 8: Fishing Operations (education and skill of fishers)

– Art. 9: Aquaculture Development

– Art. 10: Integration of Fisheries into Coastal Area

Management

– Art. 11: Post-Harvest Practices and Trade

– Art. 12: Fisheries Research

What to do?

• Training of farmers and entrepreneurs

on quality standards and phytosanitary

requirements

• Training on Fair Average Quality

Standards (FAQ) for livestock /fisheries

products

• Market intelligence through information

technology and cyber extension

• Sensitization training to middle level

extension functionaries to improve their

technical and professional knowledge

and skills

• Educating the farming

community and the

industry, the

anticipated

implications of the

WTO agreement and

lend a helping hand in

building confidence

and converting the

challenges into

opportunities in

global trade.

CCRF : Actors

All members and non-members of FAO,

Fishing entities, sub-regional, regional and global organisations, governmental or non-governmental,

and

All other interested stakeholders concerned with fisheries resources and fish trade

CCRF: Implementation

FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries

CCRF: Implementation

• Numerous initiatives at national levels

– awareness raising, better practice,

planning, legislation,

• Monitoring, reporting and discussions – FAO Committee of Fisheries (COFI)

– Regional Fishery Organisations / Fishery

Commissions

CCRF: Implementation issues

• Building institutional capacity

• Coping with social stress and costs

• Finding optimal transition pathways

• Mobilising participation

• Protecting small-scale fisheries

• Capacity building ; training; human resource

development

• Insufficient technical assistance and

financial resources

CCRF: Implementation

FAO support to Technical & Policy

consultations on:

– Eco-labelling

– Sustainability Indicators

– Fisheries Monitoring

– Property Rights in Fisheries Management

– Seabirds; Sharks; Management of Fishing

Capacity.

– Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated

Fishing

CCRF: Implementation

Major Projects

– Sustainable Fisheries Livelihoods Programme

Western Africa (UK)

– Research & Fisheries Management in Lake

Tanganyika (Finland)

– Reduction of environmental impact from Tropical

Shrimp Trawling (- GEF support)

– Sustainable Management of Bay of Bengal Large

Marine Ecosystem (- GEF support)

CCRF: Implementation

Major Projects

Inter-regional Programme for the Assistance to

Developing Countries for the Implementation of

the CCRF, components :

– Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance (MCS), and

Scientific Advice for Fisheries Management (Norway)

Components awaiting support:

– Compliance Agreement; Statistics; Fishing Operations;

Resource Surveys; Policy, Planning and Management;

Fleet Restructuring Policies; Post-Harvest Practices &

Trade; Support to NGOs

CCRF: Implementation

International Consensus-building: next major

FAO Expert Meetings:

– Economic Incentives and Responsible

Fisheries (incl. subsidies)

– Strategies & Investment Needs for the

Transition to Responsible Fisheries in Asia

– Management of Shared Stocks

– Reduction of Fishing Capacity

– Responsible Fisheries in the Marine

Ecosystem

CCRF: Implementation

Enhancing Major Information Resources - Facts,

Strategic Advice and Networking for Sustainable World

Fisheries:

– FAO FISHSTAT PLUS Data Base

– UN Atlas of the Oceans

– FAO Fisheries Atlas

– FAO Fisheries Global Information System (FIGIS)

– GLOBEFISH markets and trade

– ONEFISH - Internet Portal for Fisheries Research

Outlook: CCRF - Call for support

The FAO Conference called on States,

International Organisations, whether

Governmental or Non-Governmental, and

all those involved in fisheries to

collaborate in the fulfilment and

implementation of the CCRF.

The FAO Fisheries Department welcomes

continued co-operation in support of

implementation of the CCRF.

Outlook: CCRF - Call for support

In Your GEF International Waters Projects, please,

THINK OF

FISH and FISHERIES

INVOLVE

“FISH PEOPLE”

AQUACULTURE

Coastal States &

Union Territories

State Estimated Potential

Area (ha)

Area under culture

(ha)

Andhra

Pradesh

150,000 79,600

West Bengal 405,000 51,659

Kerala 65,000 14,700

Orissa 31,600 9,000

Tamil Nadu 56,000 3,620

Karnataka 8,000 3,080

Goa 18,500 930

Gujarat 376,000 880

Maharashtra 80,000 460

Pondicherry 800 _

Total 1,190,900 1,63,929

State-wise estimated potential area

and area under culture

State Area

developed (ha)

Area under

culture (ha)

Production (MT)

West Bengal 51,659 47,588 33,685

Odisha 13,843 4,769 6,149

Andhra Pradesh 58,145.20 33,754 39,537

Tamil Nadu 6,109.33 2381.49 2,702.38

Kerala 15,099.39 9,544.84 7,096

Karnataka 3708.84 1484 1581

Goa 867 272 319

Maharashtra 1,329.56 650.86 1,243.79

Gujarat 2,214.48 1,915.79 3,605.72

Total 1,52,975.80 1,02,259.98 95,918.89

State wise details of shrimp

farming in India (2009-10)

MPEDA-2011

WEST BENGAL STANDS 2ND IN SHRIMP PRODUCTION

District wise development of

shrimp farming in

West Bengal (2009-10) District Area

Developed so

far (ha)

Estimated

production (MT)

North 24 Parganas 34,500 21,643

South 24 Parganas 11,500 5,792

Medinipore 1,588 6,250

Total 47,588 33,685

©MPEDA Annual Report 2009-10

North 24 Paraganas leads the shrimp

Production through Traditional farming

North 24

parganas

South 24

parganas

East

Medinipur

Area under

culture

34,500 ha 11,500 ha 1750 ha

Number of

farm

6900 3823 2500

Avg

Production

( kg/ha)

706 kg 759 kg 4808 kg

Under CAA

license

197 516 630

District wise development of shrimp

farming in West Bengal (2009-10)

AWARNESS FOR RESPONSIBLE SHRIMP FARMING

HAS INCREASED

Year 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

(Sept,

11)

Area

under

culture

(ha)

49,955 50,215 50,474 49,715 48,236 47,488 47,488 47588 47588

Estimat

ed

producti

on (MT)

29,714 35,432 42,336 42,006 27,668 27,418 33,685 40,725 44,494

Year wise production details

on shrimp farming in West Bengal

.

.

2007-08: Production was less due to heavy rain and flood.

2009-10 :Production was less due to Aaiyla-Storm

2008-09 :Production was less due to heavy rain

Traditional Intensive Low cost low input (Scientific)

Early 90s Present Early 90s Present Early 90s Present

Water exchange Yes Yes Yes No No

Stocking density 1 - 4 1 - 4 16 - 20 25 - 30 6 - 12

Production/ha (t) 0.5 – 0.7 0.5 – 0.7 3.5 – 4.5 5.0 – 7.0 2.0 – 3.0

Feed use (Kg/Kg shrimp)

Nil Nil 1.5 - 1.7 1.6 – 1.8 1.2 – 1.4

Risk Low High Low High Low

Investment/ha (Lakhs) 0.3 – 0.8 0.65 – 2.0 5.0 – 6.0 11 – 16 4-5

Profitability (%) 90 - 120 63 – 85 70 - 80 33 - 34 46 - 49

Profitability/ha (lakhs) 0.4 – 0.7 0.6 – 1.3 4.0 – 5.0 3.7 – 5.4 2.1 – 3.3

STATUS OF SHRIMP FARMING IN WEST BENGAL

FAR

MIN

G S

YST

EM W

AS

NO

T TH

ERE

PCR TESTED SEED

PROBIOTICS

SOIL & WATER

ORGANIC JUICE

DEPENDENCE

ON WILD PL

HIGH INPUT

STATUS

Cost of traditional farming in North 24 parganas is more compared to South

24 parganas as they culture on leased land and apply inputs.

Particulars

North 24 Parganas (Traditional)

South 24 Parganas (Traditional)

South 24 Parganas (Scientific)

East Midnapore

Total expenditure (Rs./ha) 2,00,000 65,000 11,27,000 15,62,825

Return (Rs./ha) 3,25,000 1,20,000 15,00,000 21,00,000

Profit (Rs./ha) 1,25,000 55,000 3,73,000 5,37,175

% profit 62.50 84.61 33.09 34.37

Economics of Shrimp Farming

Cost of scientific mono culture is higher in East Midnapore as stocking

density, land lease and labour cost is more compared to South 24 parganas.

Traditional farming

High density Zero exchange farming

Zero exchange low cost low input

Stocking 1 -4 >20 / sqm 6 - 12

Feed use Nil 1.7 kg /kg shrimp 1.3 kg / kg shrimp

Probiotics and other input

Nil High nil

Risk Low High Low

Land use Huge Less Moderate

Prod/ha (tons) 0.5 – 0.7 5.0 – 7.0 2.0 – 3.0

Pond usage Long term Short term Long term

Investment/ha (Rs) 65,000 – 2,00000 11,27,000 – 15,63,000 5,00,000 – 6,00,000

Profitability (%) 62.5 – 84.6 33.0 – 34.4 46.0 – 49.0

Profitability/ha (Rs.) 55,000 – 1,25,000 3,73,000 – 5,37,000 2,10,000 – 3,26,000

Economics of Shrimp Farming

10ft

8ft

SHIFTING OF

FARMING AREA

ISSUES

SIZE & SHAFE

IS NOT A LIMITATION

HOMESTEAD POND

USED FOR

SHRIMP FARMIMNG

Biosecurity at any cost………. Control of movement of equip & personel

Prevention and spread of existing diseases

Stocking SPF PLs ( WSV, IHHNV,MBV,TSV,HPV)

PCR tested

Feeding -quality

-feeding regime

Water intake: – Reservoir

– Disinfection

--Double screen 300 – 1000 um

Bird Scaring Device (BSD

Crab Protecting Device (CPD)

Disease monitoring Health monitoring

Treatm

ent

Area

(Sqm)

Product

ion

FCR Survival ABW at

harvest

(gm)

Average

kg/ha/cro

p

Control 2750 678 1.55 74.80 32.10 2879.9

BZEST 1960 485 1.40 80.03 32.38 3108.6

Parameters Improvement (% change)

% Survival 3-5 %

ABW at harvest 2-10%

Productivity 8-10 %

FCR 7-11 %

BZEST ( Shrimp Farming)

Zero water exchange farming system achieved an average of 2494 kg/ha with a highest production of 2660 kg/ha/crop in the BZEST ponds compared to an average of 2349 kg/ha in the control ponds with 9.24 % gain in terms of production and 11.3 % gain in FCR.

Litopenaeus vannamei Fenneropenaeus merguensis

Fenneropenaeus indicus

SPECIES DIVERSIFICATION

Marsupenaeus japonicus

CANDIDATE SPECIES

Asian seabass - Lates calcarifer

•Seabass is a protandrous hermaphrodite and spawn round the

Year in CIBA Fin Fish Hatchery

•Asian seabass is one of the delicious table fishes.

•Amongst the cultivable fishes in India, Seabass fetches

higher price in domestic market varying between

Rs.100-2000 per kg depending upon the size.

Mugil cephalus

•Grey mullet is herbivorous fish and breeding technology

has been standarized.

•Suitable species for mono and polyculture.

•Demand fish in Andhrapradesh and West Bengal

Groupers are protogynous

hermaphrodite

Early stage females (2-9kg) and later

become females

Brooders can be maintained in RCC

tanks

Salinity important for maturation

(above 30 ppt)

Feeding @ 5% body weight with

trash fishes

Epinephelus tauvina (Grouper)

COBIA (Rachycentron canadum)

• Promising species has fast growth rate, Carnivorous,

• Preliminary data being collected and gonad samples obtained from 3.0 kg fish

• Efforts are being made to procure live brooders with help of fishing vessels at Royapuram fishing harvour

• Vietnam has standardized seed production and

culture technology of cobia

Silver Pomfret

• Promising candidate species has good market potential

• Omnivore feeding habits

• Seed production trials going on at Kuwait Institute of

Scientific Research

Milkfish - Chanos chanos

• It is high priced fish and used extensively as live bait

• This species can tolerate higher salinity range

• Can grow rapidly under suitable culture conditions

Andaman Tilapia

Oreochromis urolepis

Etroplus suratensis

Seed production technology

has been developed.

Seed supplied to farmers.

Culture demonstrations in

farmers ponds, being

undertaken at KRC.

Ornamental fish

Scatophagus argus

Monodactylus argenteus

Guidelines for Regulating

Coastal Aquaculture

Good pond preparation

• removing the waste black soil

• ploughing in wet condition

• lime application

• screening by two layers of fine nets

• fertilization with organic/ inorganic fertilizers

• > 80 cm of water depth

Quality seed selection

• Cluster approach- for organised stocking

• uniform size seed and PL (12 mm or above);

light gray or brown in colour

• Salinity stress test; Microscopic test;

(muscle:gut thickness 4:1);

• negative for MBV and WSSV

• Swimming against current

• Proper transportation and stocking

Water Quality Management • Fertilization (in split doses)with organic (10-30

kg./ha.) and inorganic fertilizers (1-3 kg./ha.)

• maintain the natural productivity,

• growth of benthic algae can be avoided by maintaining more water depth

• benthic or floating algae in the pond- manually best

• too dark water- feeding is to be restricted

• applying quick lime (CaO) to avoid acid soil or orange water

• Aeration is required after 30-40 days of culture during late evening to early morning period in ponds with >5 pcs per meter density

Better Feed management • 7-10 days if there is any size variation

• checking fullness of the gut

• tray monitoring and demand feeding post 30 DOC

• Shifting feeding area

• Feeding in pond corners and areas where it is dirty (black)

• Reduce feeding during periods of low DO, plankton crash, rain fall, extremes of temperature never over feed.

• Proper storage

Pond Bottom Management:

• stocking density and feeding practice

• avoiding the black soil area

• mild and carefull agitation of black soil

• chain dragging in one forth of the pond

• pond corners cleaning;

• after harvest black sludge removal

• plantation and grass turfing on pond dyke

Shrimp Health Management: • Prevention by exclusion, and BMP focus creating a healthy,

non-stressful environment

• Check gills, gut content, water quality and pond bottom condition

• WSD-informing neighbors

• >50% of the shrimp are not feeding, harvesting

• A black/ brown/ green gut content implies under feeding, a red or pink gut showed disease manifestation and pale whitish gut showed gut infection

• Light or golden brown colour –normal

• Shrimps distress after rain –lime on dyke and pond

• Avoid feeding crustaceans or bycatch waste

Bio-security measures

• Pre-filtration of water

• Chlorination

• Tyre bath, Foot and Hand Wash

• Peripheral fencing

• Crab Fencing

• Bird Fencing

• Separate implements for ponds

Biosecurity at any cost……….

Water intake: – Reservoir

– Double screen 300 – 1000 um

– Disinfection

Protecting device – Bird Scaring Device (BSD)

– Crab Protecting Device (CPD)

Stocking SPF PLs ( WSV, IHHNV,MBV,TSV,HPV)

PCR tested

Productivity in Water Plankton: 60-80 cm-stocking

25-40 cm-rearing

Microorganism TVC has to be < 2 x 103 cfu/ml

Green colony < yellow colony

Feeding -quality

-feeding regime

Disease

monitoring Health monitoring

Control of movement of equip & personel

Prevention and spread of existing diseases

Bird Fence & Crab fence

Bird fencing and crab fencing –Rs 40000/ ha

Effluent Treatment System(ETS)

Sedimentation : 48 Hrs

Water Quality before releasing to drain:

Ammonia : Nil, NO2: Nil, DO: 3.5ppm,pH:7.6

Testing the efficiency of DWTS

Pumping of discharge of water

into ETS pond

Discharge water in the ETS

with baffle walls

Measurement of total settleable

solids at farm site Samples collected for further

analysis at laboratory

P. vannamei harvest

Farmers & their issues

• Difficult for small farmers to get registered- are the existing set of guidelines feasible?

• Misconception of “SPF seed do not get affected by virus”.

• The threat from near by monodon farms.

• Threat from wild crustaceans of surroundings.

• Poor bio-security measures.

• High capital costs.

• Bad power situation leading to high fuel cost.

The Concept: Better management practices

• Super bubble theory

• paradigm shift from intensive system of

shrimp farming to low input, environment

friendly, sustainable culture practice

• setting up of aquaculture authority to look

after the environmental concerns

• best management practices towards eco-

based farming systems.

• innovative, dynamic, and improved

farming practices

• sustainable development

• environmentally responsible manner

• lowering the risk of disease outbreak and

• sustainability, food security and safety

BMP in the line of CIBA

BMP in the line of CIBA

• guidelines framed by CIBA for shrimp farming

• aquaculture authority

• restricted or no use of artificial chemical fertilizers

and pesticides, chemotherapeutic medicines

including antibiotics

• to provide scientifically sound information to

improve the design, selection and performance of

BMPs

• strengthened and amended with regard to different

farming systems

The Origin: Aquaclubs

adoption of BMPs

• collaboration between NACA and MPEDA

• demonstration programme

• self-help groups (Aquaclubs)

• farm in-put suppliers-contract system

BMP categories

• Site selection and construction

• Good pond preparation

• Quality seed selection

• Water quality management

• Shrimp health management/biosecurity

• Feed management

• Pond bottom monitoring

• Emergency disease management

• Harvest and Postharvest management

• Mangrove plantation and conservation

Water Parameters: Temperature

pH

DO concentration

pond Secchi disk visibility (SDV),

Salinity

Alkalinity

Hardness

Nutrients-Phosphate/ Nitrate,Silicate

Productivity-Primary, Secondary

Ammonia , BOD, COD, TDS

Plankton and Benthos

• Soil parameters pH and Eh

EC

Org C

CEC and TEC

N & P

Hydrogen Sulphide

Microbiological,

Biological –Growth Characteristics

Health assessment

Relevant parameters

Harvesting

Criteria

Market Observation

Shrimp conditions

Shrimp size

Pond carrying capacity attained

Avoidance- molting condition

Shrimp price

Disease outbreak

Market demand

Optimize economic returns

Minimize risk

Cessation of shrimp growth

Post harvest measures

Cold chain

Supply chain

Value addition

Mangrove plantation and

conservation

Mangrove plantation and conservation

• Rhizophora –medicinal value

• No mangrove deforastration

conserving the existing mangroves

FUTURE STRATEGIES

•Sustainability of supply and quality of inputs

•Sustainability of out put

•Identification of best areas for brackishwater

aquaculture

•Identification of value for other functions

•Infrastructure development

•Identification and discussion with stake holders

•Mitigation of external drivers influence on shrimp

& Fish farming

•Implementation of present legislation

•Marketing/processing, product quality labeling

and Certification initiatives

IPR management: “Bring out best”

• Big head - inspire to think

big and profitably

• Big ear- listen patiently to

new ideas and suggestions

• Narrow eye - point to deep

connections to finish tasks

well

• Long nose - poke around

inquisitively to learn more

• Small mouth - remind to

speak less and listen more

– Prem & Vijay Batra

Changing “DNA” of Ag. scientist

Past: Great legacy of SOLUTION RESEARCH alone inadequate 1. Accumulation of deadly combos of lethal alleles for inbreeding, legacy building & parochialism

2. Leadership deficit: Deadly recombination between India feudal and British colonial practices sprinkled with Mogul aristocracy

Future: What got you here won’t get there ! Need DISCOVERY

1. Promote innovation: address competition;

FOCUS on impact of science 2. Communicate /bond: recognize changing

needs 3. Tune to era of convergence “Research

is more

about

prediction,

not on

current”

statements

83

“Change is a must, but change is difficult”: An excuse to deny meritocracy and transparency?

Incremental vs. transformational

changes: Ambassador Mark I, II, III… Or…

Mark I

Mark III

Mark III, (Bullet-proof – for criticism)

Personal Greatness

Zen tradition speaks of a beginner's mind:

those who keep their minds open to new

concepts-those who cups area always

empty-will always move to higher levels of

achievements and fulfillments.

Never be reluctant to ask even the most

basic questions.

Rabin Sharma

Credit sharing

CANNIBALISM