the classical arabic
TRANSCRIPT
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 1/87
!
"#$%&'($)&*+ ,"-*&++.-&* &/&0.-
1,*#'( .2-,$3#4&).$4 /(4#*&/ 1(/0+ &$% %(/.1(% $,#$+
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 2/87
..
!" $%& '()*+ , "- .&"/*01 *01 $%& 2*3% ,45% "- 6*73%/*01
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 3/87
...
"#$%&'($)&*+ ,"
-*&++.-&* &/&0.-
1,*#'( .2-,$3#4&).$4 /(4#*&/ 1(/0+
&$% %(/.1(% $,#$+
5#+&.$ &0%#* +&))&/
"&6./ 7#0*.-&).,$+-5.-&4,
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 4/87
.1
8 9::9 "&6./ 7#0*.-&).,$+;< &== >?@ABC >DCD>EDF<
$G HI>B GJ BA?C KGGL MIN KD >DH>GFOPDFQ CBG>DFQ G> B>IRCM?BBDF ?R IRN JG>M KN
IRN MDIRCQ D=DPB>GR?P G> GBAD>S?CDQ ?RP=OF?R@ HAGBGPGHN?R@Q >DPG>F?R@Q
.RBD>RDBQ G> KN IRN CBG>I@D IRF >DB>?DEI= CNCBDM S?BAGOB S>?BBDR HD>M?CC?GR
J>GM "&6./ 7#0*.-&).,$+;<
"?>CB (F?B?GR
7>?RBDF ?R BAD #R?BDF +BIBDC GJ &MD>?PI
.+0$2 :TUVW9VXWTWT:
7OK=?CADF KN2
"&6./ 7#0*.-&).,$+;
7<,< 0GY ZUVW:[
-A?PI@GQ .==?RG?C X:XZUTVW:[
?RJG\JI]?>HOK=?PIB?GRC<PGM
SSS<JI]?>HOK=?PIB?GRC<PGM
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 5/87
-,$)($)+
7>G=G@OD V
*DCCGR W 2*88409 $%& :;*/4< =*09>*9& U
*DCCGR 9 ?0$;"1><409 :;*/4< @";13 W^
*DCCGR ^ !%& A*3$ !&03& B&;/ [ ] WV
*DCCGR [ !%& A;&3&0$ !&03& B&;/ [ ] 9^
*DCCGR Z !%& A;&3&0$ !&03& B&;/ 40 $%& C$*$& "- D*-*, [] 9U
*DCCGR X !%& A;&3&0$ !&03& B&;/ 40 $%& C$*$& "- 6*3/ [] ^^
*DCCGR V !%& A;&3&0$ !&03& B&;/ 40 $%& C$*$& "- E*F+ [] ^V
*DCCGR _ !%& G+8%*$4< [] [W
*DCCGR U !%& H"++*01 [
] [^
*DCCGR W: !%& A;"%4/4$4"0 [] [U
*DCCGR WW !%& :<$4I& A*;$4<48)& [ ] Z^
*DCCGR W9 !%& A*334I& A*;$4<48)& [ ] XW
*DCCGR W^ !%& 6">0 "- !4+& *01 A)*<& [ ] XZ
*DCCGR W[ !%& 6">0 "- (3*9& [ ] XU
*DCCGR WZ !%& C>8&;)*$4I& 6">0 [ ] VW
*DCCGR WX !%& C4J !K8&3 "- B&;/ L";+ ? VZ
&HHDRF?PDC _Z
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 7/87
1..
"#$%$&'(
&== H>I?CD ?C FOD BG &==IA ` # aQ ->DIBG> GJ BAD OR?ED>CD< 7DIPD IRFK=DCC?R@C KD OHGR 5?C J?RI= IRF RGK=D MDCCDR@D>Q 'OAIMMIF ` $ a<
)>IF?B?GRI==N CBOFDRBC GJ CIP>DF LRGS=DF@D KD@IR KN =DI>R?R@ BAD BDRDBC
GJ &>IK?P ED>K PGRbO@IB?GR< (IPA ?RFDHDRFDRB =DCCGR SIC MICBD>DF
KDJG>D I BDIPAD> I==GSDF CBOFDRBC BG IFEIRPD< ,RPD H>GJ?P?DRBQ CBOFDRBC
BADR JGPOCDF GR BAD H>?RP?H=DC GJ &>IK?P @>IMMI><
. SIC K=DCCDF BG IBBDRF I CPAGG= GJ >D=?@?GOC =DI>R?R@ ?R 7IL?CBIR BAIB CB?==
DMH=GNC B>IF?B?GRI= MDBAGFC< 'N ?RCB>OPBG>C CBOF?DF ORFD> C?RPD>D
BDIPAD>C IRF PI>>?DF BADMCD=EDC S?BA C?M?=I> FDEGB?GR< "O>BAD>MG>DQ BADN
=DF BAD?> CBOFDRBCQ CBDH KN CBDHQ I=GR@ I B>I?= CGJBDRDF KN JGO>BDDR
AORF>DF NDI>C GJ CPAG=I>CA?H< &=BAGO@A . SIC IK=D BG CHDRF GR=N I JDS
NDI>C ?R BAD PGMHIRN GJ COPA @O?FDCQ MN H>G@>DCC SIC >IH?F< +OPA ?C BAD
JG>BORD GJ BAD FDK>?C BAIB MIRI@DC BG =IRF ?BCD=J GR I >IH?F=N J=GS?R@Q
H>?CB?RD >?ED><
"DS &>IK?P BDYBKGGLC ?R (R@=?CA I>D MGFD=DF IJBD> B>IF?B?GRI= .C=IM?P
DFOPIB?GRI= MDBAGFG=G@?DC< .R BA?C KGGLQ . AIED PGMK?RDF BAD RGBDC IRF
>DCGO>PDC OCDF KN MN BDIPAD>C BG H>DCDRB IR GED>E?DS GJ &>IK?P ED>K
IRF RGOR PGRbO@IB?GR< ?03%*,))*% `4GF S?==?R@aQ JOBO>D EG=OMDC S?==
IFF>DCC GBAD> H>?RP?H=DC GJ P=ICC?PI= &>IK?P @>IMMI><
'N JDI> ?R PGMH?=?R@ BA?C SG>L ?C BAIB . AIED CG?=DF I HO>D PAI?R< 'N
BDIPAD>C CIP>?J?PDF BAD?> =?EDCQ SDI=BAQ IRF JIM?=?DC BG IPA?DED HD>JDPB?GR
?R BAD?> >DCHDPB?ED J?D=FC< . SIC HD>M?BBDF BG C?B ?RQ IRF DIB J>GMQ BAD?>
EICB @I>FDRC FDCH?BD MN GKE?GOC FDJ?P?DRP?DC IRF =IPL GJ PGMM?BMDRB<
)A?C ?C BAD MD>PN GJ I BDIPAD> BGSI>F A?C CBOFDRB< . H>IN BAIB &==IA ` # a
GED>=GGLC BA?C =ICB =?RL IRF I==GSC BAD CDDLD> BG KDRDJ?B J>GM BAD
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 8/87
"#$%&'($)&*+ ," -*&++.-&* &/&0.- "
FDEGB?GR GJ BAD @>DIB CPAG=I>C GJ BAD HICB< 7=DICD H>IN JG> MDQ MN
BDIPAD>CQ IRF I== BAGCD SAG B>IRCM?BBDF BA?C B>IF?B?GR J>GM GRD
@DRD>IB?GR BG BAD RDYB<
& CD>EIRB GJ BAD CPAG=I>C
5OCI?R &KFO= +IBBI>
C*-*; W[9^ c &H>?= 9::9
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 9/87
!"##$% '%"( )*++,%- ./" 01*2,3 !*%-4*-"
!"#$%& ()( "#$%$&'% ( )(" *+ ',$ -#(./0 1(&23(2$4 5,/% 0,(#' "#*6/7$% (&*6$#6/$8 *+ ',$ '(%9 (' ,(&7 (&7 $%'(.1/%,$% ( +#()$8*#9 +*# +3'3#$
1$(#&/&24
:;<=><:?@ A=@
5,$ '$#) *%+",$-*+"./ B CD #$+$#% '* (11 8*#7% ',(' (#$ "#*730$7 .E ',$
'*&23$4 0%+",$-*+"./ % B C (#$ 7/6/7$7 /&'* BDC 8*#7% ',(' (#$ 1&*/"/#2$- B C (&7 BFC 8*#7% ',(' (#$ 1&*/"/#-&33 B C4 4&*/"/#2$- B C(#'/031('/*&% ,(6$ $%'(.1/%,$7G 3&7$#%'**7 )$(&/&2%4 H*# $I()"1$G ',$
-#(./0 8*#7 5"+*6 ! # )$(&%G J( .**94K A& ',$ *',$# ,(&7G
1&*/"/#-&33 B C (#'/031('/*&% 1(09 $%'(.1/%,$7 )$(&/&2%4 >*&%/7$#G +*#
$I()"1$G ',$ 8*#7 J:$"%/4K <+ (#'/031('$7 +/6$ ,3&7#$7 E$(#% (2*G .$+*#$
',$ (76$&' *+ ',/% &*8 +()*3% .$6$#(2$G ',/% 8*#7 8*317 ,(6$ ,(7 &*)$(&/&24
:;<=><:?@ 5LA
4&*/"/#2$- B C (#'/031('/*&% 0(& .$ +3#',$# 7/6/7$7 /&'* BDC 3"/#-&
B C (&7 BFC ,.17.$/8 B C4 <+ (& (#'/031('/*& /% 0*)"*%$7 *+ *&$
8*#7G /' /% 0(11$7 3"/#-& !# M 8,$#$(%G /+ /' /% 0*)"*%$7 *+ )*#$ ',(&*&$ 8*#7G /' /% 0(11$7 ,.17.$/8 B C4 H*# $I()"1$G ',$ 8*#7 5"+*6
B C /% 3"/#-& B CG 8,/1$ ',$ ",#(%$ %*3$-90--*: B CG F )(7$ 3" *+
'8* 8*#7%G /% ,.17.$/8 B C4
D ;*2*8 B C /% 7$#/6$7 +#*) ',$ 6$#.(1 &*3& J'* ',#*84K -#(./0 2#())(#/(&% 3%$ ',/% '$#) '*
#$+$# '* (#'/031('/*&% .$0(3%$ %"$$0, /&6*16$% J',#*8/&2K %*3&7% +#*) ',$ '*&23$4
F )$(&%G JN$%%$&2$# *+ -11(,4K
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 10/87
HO=P-N@=5-?Q AH >?-QQ<>-? -;-R<>!"
:;<=><:?@ 5S;@@
-11 3"/#-& B C 8*#7% (#$ 01(%%/+/$7 /&'* *&$ *+ ',#$$ 'E"$%T
DC /.$/ B CFC <&%6 B CUC 7*%+",-& B C
Q'('$7 *',$#8/%$G $6$#E 8*#7 /& ',$ -#(./0 7/0'/*&(#E +/'% /&'* *&$ *+
',$%$ ',#$$ 0('$2*#/$%4
:;<=><:?@ HAO;
=.17.$/8 B C (#'/031('/*&% (#$ )(7$ 3" *+ '8* *# )*#$ 8*#7%4 Q30,
0*)./&('/*&% (#$ $/',$# 6&/&2","*- B C *# /./96&/&2","*- B C4 >&/&2","*-
B C 2#*3"% *+ 8*#7% $I"#$%% ( 0*)"1$'$ /7$( (&7 V*/& '*2$',$# '* +*#)
( 0*)"1$'$ %$&'$&0$4 ?./96&/&2","*- B C 2#*3"% *+ 8*#7% $I"#$%% (&/&0*)"1$'$ /7$( (&7 V*/& '*2$',$# '* +*#) ( ",#(%$G U *# (& /&0*)"1$'$
%$&'$&0$4
5,/% 6*13)$ 7$(1% 8/', 3"/#-& B C 8*#7% (&7 $)",(%/W$% 0*&V32('/&2
6$#.% (&7 &*3&%4
U - 7:%*3& /% 7$+/&$7 (% '8* *# )*#$ 8*#7% ',(' +*#) ( %E&'(0'/0 3&/' ',(' /% 1$%% ',(& (
0*)"1$'$ %$&'$&0$4
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 12/87
!"##$% '($) *%+,$-./0%1 2,340/ 5$,-#
"#$%&$"'( )%(
*+, -./012 /34+/0,5 26781858 69 5:,75;<717, 3,55,.8 /7= 5+.,, 8+6.5
>6:,38 ? !"#$%& ()* @A *+18 5,B5 /88CD,8 5+/5 5+, .,/=,. 18 9/D131/. :15+ 5+,
/34+/0,5 /7= 158 8+6.5 >6:,38A
"#$%&$"'( *E)
F685 -./012 :6.=8 /., 96.D,= 9.6D 5+.,, 0/8, 3,55,.8A *+,8, 5+.,,3,55,.8 G617 56H,5+,. 56 ,85/0318+ / D,/717HA I6. ,B/D43,J 5+, 0/8, 3,55,.8
!! ? %&+, !%-. %"#/0 0- 1&!0 @ ,B4.,88 5+, D,/717H 69 K56 :.15,AL
"#$%&$"'( *M#((
*+, 3,55,.8 << /., C8,= /8 D6=,3 0/8, 3,55,.8AN *+, 91.85 3,55,. 18
2/33,= 5+, K ! 2 ?
@ 46815167AL *+, 8,267= 18 2/33,= 5+, KO+"3 ? @
46815167AL *+, 5+1.= 18 2/33,= 5+, K1 . ? @ 46815167AL *+, 0/8, 3,55,.8
<< ,B4.,88 5+, D,/717H 69 K56 =6AL
"#$%&$"'( I)P#
F685 -./012 76C78 /7= >,.08 /., =,.1>,= 0; 43/217H 5+, 5+.,, 0/8,
3,55,.8 67 =,81H7/5,= 4/55,.78A *+,8, 4/55,.78 17>63>, >6:,317H Q 5+, 0/8,
3,55,.8 /7= 695,7 .,RC1., 5+, /==15167 69 767<0/8, 3,55,.8A (/2+ 69 5+,8,
4/55,.78 .,93,258 5+, D,/717H 69 5+, 0/8, 3,55,.8 17 / C71RC, :/;A I6.
,B/D43,J 5+, 4/55,.7 =,82.10,8 / 4,.867 :+6 ,7/258 5+, D,/717H 69
5+, 0/8, 3,55,.8AS *+18 4/55,.7 17>63>,8 >6:,317H 5+, !+2 ? @ 46815167
N *+, 3,55,.8 !! /., C8,= 5+.6CH+6C5 5+, 5,B5 56 133C85./5, >,.0 /7= 76C7 4/55,.78A
Q 4-5&1"3# .,9,.8 56 5+, /==15167 69 5+, 8+6.5 >6:,38T ,+..+/6 !+0/+/ J /7= 7+8%+/)
S *+, (7H318+ 3/7HC/H, /386 D/U,8 C8, 69 4/55,.78A &6781=,.J 96. ,B/D43,J 5+, :6.= K5,/2+,.AL
-==17H 5+, 8C991B K,.L 56 5+, >,.0 0&+9/ 4.6=C2,8 5+, :6.= K5,/2+,.AL *+18 4/55,.7 =,82.10,8 /
4,.867 :+6 ,7/258 5+, D,/717H 69 5+, >,.0 ?1A,AJ 67, :+6 5,/2+,8@A V1D13/.3;J 26781=,.
/==15167/3 (7H318+ :6.=8 5+/5 96336: 5+18 4/55,.7J 8C2+ /8 K0C13=,.L ?67, :+6 0C13=8@ /7=
K5+17U,.L ?67, :+6 5+17U8@A
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 14/87
;30%-,$9"3# <%+="9 >-%,8 "$
*M( -#-X$& -'"M-X(*
! " #$ % # % & % '()*+
, % -$ ) - ) .$ % $ %
-$ - / - /$ 0 / 0 1 %
+ % 2$(*0 '(*0 1$ % #$ % 0 0 " " ) " . + 3 +
0 $("1($ 4 % 5 5 $ %
*M( -#-X$& VM)#* Y)E('V
.(/,($ +(#$($ -(""($
?;@ABC ()* *M( -#-X$& -'"M-X(* -%W $*V VM)#* Y)E('V
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 15/87
IP%W-F(%*-'V )I &'-VV$&-' -#-X$&"%
D0&: E3&F D&:+%+0& 0/& 1&00&%8
-! 0/& :+00&%3
D0&: G5-F B&:1+9& 0/& =+8& 1&00&%8 ? !! @
5"0/ 9-%%&8:-3,"3# 3&5 1&00&%8 ? !! @
D0&: G/%&&F B&+00+9/ 0/& 1&00&%8
0- !-%. 0/& 3&5 5-%,
?;@ABC ()(I)#F$%Z E)#WV I#)F X-V( '(**(#V
)%( EM) E#$*(V -% - E#$*(#
)%( EM) W)(V
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 16/87
!"##$% '()""* '(" +,#- '"%#" .")/
[ ]
"#$ !"#$ $&'#& (&)* % & '$()*+,$( -).+/0( /* $1$0.( .#-. #-1$
-2*$-'3 /))4**$'5
6789:86;< =9<
"#$ >-..$*0 % +& ,-, & +( 4($' -( - ?/'$2 @/* .#$ !"#$ $&'#& (&)* 5 80 .#+(
>-..$*0 $-)# /@ .#$ ,-($ 2$..$*( +( 1/A$2$' A+.# - ."$+"+ 5B
6789:86;< "C=
D$*,( +0 .#$ <0E2+(# 2-0E4-E$ -*$ )/0F4E-.$' ./ *$@2$). .#$ (4,F$).G /@
.#$ 1$*,5 H/* $I-?>2$J K#$ '+'L -0' KA$ '+'5L M$*$J .#$ >*/0/40( K#$L
-0' KA$L +0'+)-.$ .#$ (4,F$).5 N*-,+) 1$*,( -*$ )/0F4E-.$' +0 - (+?+2-*
?-00$*5 80 >-*.+)42-*J .#$ N*-,+) 1$*, +( )/0F4E-.$' ./ *$@2$). .#*$$
-(>$).( /@ +.( (4,F$).O
P& >$*(/0Q %@+*(.J ($)/0'J .#+*'&
R& E$0'$*PS %?-()42+0$J @$?+0+0$&
T&
>24*-2+.3 PP
%(+0E42-*J '4-2J >24*-2&
B "#$ >-..$*0 +( /0$ /@ ($1$*-2 >-..$*0( 4($' @/* .#$ !"#$ $&'#& (&)* 5 =.#$*( -*$ >*$($0.$' +0
/&##0' 1-2$&&' 5
G "#$ (4,F$). '$0/.$( .#$ ,0&) /@ .#$ -).+/0 '$()*+,$' ,3 - 1$*,5
Q "#$ @+*(. >$*(/0 +( 4($' ./ *$@$* ./ .#$ #!&"3&) 5 H/* $I-?>2$J K8 '+'L /* KA$ '+'5L "#$ ($)/0'
>$*(/0 +( 4($' ./ *$@$* ./ .#$ +0'+1+'4-2 #!03&' $05 H/* $I-?>2$J K3/4 '+'5L "#$ .#+*' >$*(/0 +(
4($' ./ *$@$* ./ .#$ +0'+1+'4-2 #!03&' 0. 5 H/* $I-?>2$J K#$ '+'L /* K.#$3 '+'5L
PS "#$ ?-()42+0$ +( 4($' ./ *$@$* ./ 4"5& *&-'6# /* 4"#785-'& 0*9&7$# 5 H/* $I-?>2$J K#$ '+'L /* K+.
'+'5L "#$ @$?+0+0$ +( 4($' ./ *$@$* ./ .&4"5& *&-'6# /* .&4-'-'& 0*9&7$# 5 H/* $I-?>2$J K(#$ '+'L /*
K+. '+'5L
PP "#$ (+0E42-* +( 4($' ./ *$@$* ./ "' -',-(-,8"5 5 H/* $I-?>2$J K#$ '+'5L "#$ '4-2 +( 4($' ./ *$@$*
./ $:0 -',-(-,8"5# 5 H/* $I-?>2$J K,/.# /@ .#$? '+'5L "#$ >24*-2 +( 4($' ./ *$@$* ./ " 6)08!5 H/*
$I-?>2$J K.#$3 '+'5L
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 17/87
HU9VNW<9"N;X =H :;NXX8:N; N7NY8:!"
6789:86;< "M7<<
C#+2$ <0E2+(# 1$*,( -*$ )/0F4E-.$' ,3 >2-)+0E - 0/40 /* >*/0/40
,$@/*$ .#$ 1$*,J N*-,+) 1$*,( -*$ )/0F4E-.$' ,3 -''+0E '$(+E0-.$' 2$..$*(./ .#$ $0' /@ .#$ 1$*,5 :-*$@4223 (.4'3 .#$ !"#$ $&'#& (&)* )/0F4E-.+/0(
% $"*5& ;<= &J 0/.+0E .#$ )#-0E$( +0 >$*(/0J E$0'$*J -0' >24*-2+.35
6789:86;< H=U7
<0E2+(# 1$*,( ?-3 $I>*$(( $+.#$* .#$ -).+1$ /* .#$ >-((+1$ 1/+)$5 "#$
-).+1$ 1/+)$ +( 4($' A#$0 .#$ (4,F$). /@ .#$ ($0.$0)$ >$*@/*?( .#$ -).+/0
$I>*$(($' ,3 .#$ 1$*,5 H/* $I-?>2$J KZ-+' A*/.$ - ,//[5L M$*$J .#$
1$*, KA*/.$L +( +0 .#$ -).+1$ 1/+)$ ,$)-4($ Z-+' +( +0'+)-.$' -( .#$
A*+.$*5 "#$ >-((+1$ 1/+)$J /0 .#$ /.#$* #-0'J +( 4($' A#$0 .#$ (4,F$). /@
.#$ 1$*, +( 0/. +0'+)-.$'5 H/* $I-?>2$J KN ,//[ A-( A*+..$05L M$*$J .#$
1$*, KA-( A*+..$0L +( +0 .#$ >-((+1$ 1/+)$ ,$)-4($J -2.#/4E# - ,//[ A-(
A*+..$0J .#$ A*+.$* +( 0/. +0'+)-.$'5
N*-,+) 1$*,( -2(/ $I>*$(( $+.#$* .#$ -).+1$ /* .#$ >-((+1$ 1/+)$5 <-*2+$*J
!)-'7-!5& 0'& +224(.*-.$' -( - ?/'$2 @/* .#$ -).+1$ 1/+)$ /@ .#$ !"#$ $&'#&
(&)* 5 "#$ >-..$*0 @/* .#$ >-((+1$ 1/+)$ /@ .#$ !"#$ $&'#& (&)* +( @/*?$' @*/?
.#$ -).+1$ 1/+)$ ,3 %P& )#-0E+0E .#$ 1/A$2+0E /@ .#$ @+*(. 2$..$* ./ -
,"44"+ -0' %R& )#-0E+0E .#$ 1/A$2+0E /@ .#$ ($)/0' ./ 2-(. 2$..$* ./ -3"#)"+ 5 "#4( % +& ,-, & ,$)/?$( % -$ :"# ,0'& &5
6789:86;< H8D<
>)-'7-!5& $:0 $(.-,2+(#$' .#-. 1$*,( +0 .#$ -).+1$ 1/+)$ -*$ )/0F4E-.$' ./
*$@2$). .#$ #8*9&7$ /@ .#$ 1$*,5 C#$0 )/0F4E-.+0E 1$*,( +0 .#$ >-((+1$
1/+)$J $-)# )/0F4E-.+/0 *$@2$).( .#$ >$*(/0J E$0'$*J -0' >24*-2+.3 /@ .#$ 0*9&7$ J PR -0' 0/. .#$ #8*9&7$ J /@ .#$ 1$*,5 H/* $I-?>2$J )/0(+'$* .#$
(.-.$?$0. %#$ A-( #+.&5 M$*$J .#$ /,F$). /@ .#$ 1$*, +( (.-.$' %+5$5J
#$&J ,4. .#$ (4,F$). +( 0/. +0'+)-.$'5 "#$*$@/*$J .#$ 1$*, +( )/0F4E-.$' ./
PR "#$ /,F$). '$0/.$( .#$ 0/40 .#-. )&7&-(&# .#$ -).+/0 /@ - 1$*,5
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 27/87
D(#'3US#$3+V &D )+3VV")3+ 3%3W")!"
R%"#)"R+S $J&
311 =-54580 05845 <5-9 :2 57=,G. 5<9 /5::,G. G0,7.2 54. ,< =F. 40.05 0B -.6.7 N M>
)0<X@E5=,0<: 0B =F. =-54580 05845 <5-9 .<9 8,=F .,=F.4 NLM 5 >.//.? N M 0< =F. 15:= 1.==.4 04 NOM 5 8 8 N M 5: =F. B,<51 1.==.4 N 0.935 @AB M> W0=F
0B =F.:. .<9,<E: 54. :,E<: 0B =F. ,-.//.012.3 40.05 0B -.6.7 N M>
R%"#)"R+S $?%SS
JF.< 70<:,9.4,<E =F. ,-.//.012.3 40.054 0B 8049: ,< E.<.4512 5<9 G.46: ,<
/54=,7@1542 =F4.. Y@.:=,0<: A@:= 6. 5:-.9>
LM JF5= ,: =F. ,-.//.012.3 40.05 0B =F. 8049Z
OM JF5= 2.C45> ,= =0 .<=.4 =F,: ,-.//.012.3 40.05 Z
PM ?08 90.: ,= -563520 ,=: ,-.//.012.3 40.05 Z
3:-,<E =F.:. =F4.. Y@.:=,0<: F.1/: ,11@:=45=. =F. /4,<7,/1.: 0B =F,: 1.::0<>)0<:,9.4 B04 .;5A/1.2 N ?5 >D54EK
L> JF5= ,: =F. ,-.//.012.3 40.05 0B =F. G.46Z
$F. G.46 ,: ,< =F. 40.05 0B -.6.7 N M>O> JF5= 2.C45> ,= =0 .<=.4 =F,: ,-.//.012.3 40.05 Z
#.6.7 N M ,: =F. >56.C30 40.05 0B =-54580 05845 <5-94 >
P> ?08 90.: ,= -563520 ,=: ,-.//.012.3 40.05 Z
$F. 40.05 0B -.6.7 N M ,: -5635205> 6C =F.
>.//.? N M 0< =F. 15:= 1.==.4 0B >
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 30/87
?U%VTW(%>T'X )? &'TXX$&T' T#TY$&!"
"#$%&$"'( ?)U#
>4* ,01 *%#%)()** D E 71/ZG<-,.1/3 19 ,4* "$)*)+% %)+*) ,)$- D.=*=A ,4*
3*71/2 -/2 ,4.+2 5*+31/ 9*;././* 56G+-63E /*:*+ */,*+ *%#%)* D ()**.+ 1&,)9 "$&+'&"() 1&,) E= >4* 91G+ 5-+,.76*3 ,4-, 7-G3* ,4* *%#%) 19 +#*- D E 21 /1,
-6,*+ ,4*3* ,01 71/ZG<-,.1/3A -/2 ,4* 9./-6 + + 1/ *-74 19 ,4*3*
71/ZG<-,.1/3 21*3 /1, 2+15 9+1; ,4* */2 19 ,4* :*+8 D %#-() 678 E=
"#$%&$"'( ?$[(
>4* 5-+,.76* .3 G3*2 -3 - ;12*6 ,1 .66G3,+-,* ,4* *%#%) 19 +#*- D E= >4.3 5-+,.76* 74-/<*3 ,4* :*+8 9+1; .,3 2*9-G6, *%#%) 19 $#1#5 D E ,1 ,4*
*%#%) 19 +#*- D E= ?G+,4*+;1+*A ., -6,*+3 ,4* ;*-/./< 19 ,4* :*+8 8O DHE
6.;.,./< ,4* 5+*3*/, ,*/3* ,1 ,4* 9G,G+* ,*/3* -/2 DKE /*<-,./< .,= >4G3
D /) 0.)* E 8*71;*3 D /) :&(( +),)$ 0. E=
(XX(%>$T' %)>( >4* 71/ZG<-,.1/3 19 ,4* "$)*)+% %)+*) ,)$- ./ ,4* *%#%) 19 +#*- D E ;G3,
8* ;*;1+.\*2 D %#-() 67; E 8*91+* ;1:./< ,1 ,4* /*@, 6*331/=
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 31/87
</) =$)*)+% <)+*) >)$- &+ %/) ?%#%) .1 @#*- !$
<ABCD 678(]"#(XX$%^ >N( ?<A<D )? @A?B
%&'( )*
+'),)*-.
'-/-0
1),*
+/
'-/-0 2-'3)4.&
4-51)*,
*-1(
6&-*1 +/
17+8)*,
*-1(
-43)%& %+)4&)* *-1(
N*_$, DX_WE 21*3
?./-60#44#/ " &4-/<* 9./-6
0#44#/ ,1 1#%/#/
N*_$, DX_WE 0.66 /*:*+ 21
>4*O DV_WE 21
?./-6
+ + " V+15 9./-6 + +
>4*O DV_WE 0.66 /*:*+ 21
>4*O D"_WE 21
?./-6+ + " V+15 9./-6 + +
>4*O D"_WE 0.66 /*:*+ 21
X4*_$, DX_?E 21*3
?./-60#44#/ " &4-/<* 9./-6
0#44#/ ,1 1#%/#/
X4*_$, DX_?E 0.66 /*:*+ 21
>4*O DV_?E 21
?./-6
+ + " V+15 9./-6 + +
>4*O DV_?E 0.66 /*:*+ 21
>4*O D"_?E 21
?%#%)()**
D E " %1 74-/<*
>4*O D"_?E 0.66 /*:*+ 21
`1G DX_WE 21
?./-60#44#/ " &4-/<* 9./-6
0#44#/ ,1 1#%/#/
`1G DX_WE 0.66 /*:*+ 21
`1G DV_WE 21
?./-6
+ + " V+15 9./-6 + +
`1G DV_WE 0.66 /*:*+ 21
`1G D"_WE 21
?./-6+ + " V+15 9./-6 + +
`1G D"_WE 0.66 /*:*+ 21
`1G DX_?E 21
?./-6
+ + " V+15 9./-6 + +
`1G DX_?E 0.66 /*:*+ 21
`1G DV_?E 21
?./-6
+ + " V+15 9./-6 + +
`1G DV_?E 0.66 /*:*+ 21
`1G D"_?E 21
?%#%)()**
D E " %1 74-/<*
`1G D"_?E 0.66 /*:*+ 21
$ 21
?./-60#44#/ " &4-/<* 9./-6
0#44#/ ,1 1#%/#/
$ 0.66 /*:*+ 21
F* 21
?./-60#44#/ " &4-/<* 9./-6
0#44#/ ,1 1#%/#/
F* 0.66 /*:*+ 21
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 38/87
7UANPVDA"PCO E7 BCPOO@BPC P?PW@B!"
:;<=> 012 "XD >?@A;:BC
$%&&'() (*'+) %+,'() (*'+)
Y$()9; #$Z)- GOZVI ,)99 *$ %34$< Y$()9; #$Z)- GOZVI ,)99 %3<
"# Y$()9; -#$; GNZVI ,)99 *$ %34$< Y$()9; -#$; GNZVI ,)99 %3<
Y$()9; -#$; G>ZVI ,)99 *$ %34$< Y$()9; -#$; G>ZVI ,)99 %3<
Y$()9; &#$Z)- GOZ7I ,)99 *$ %34$< Y$()9; &#$Z)- GOZ7I ,)99 %3<
Y$()9; -#$; GNZ7I ,)99 *$ %34$< Y$()9; -#$; GNZ7I ,)99 %3<
Y$()9; -#$; G>Z7I ,)99 *$ %34$< Y$()9; -#$; G>Z7I ,)99 %3<
Y$()9; ;32 GOZVI ,)99 *$ %34$< Y$()9; ;32 GOZVI ,)99 %3<
Y$()9; ;32 GNZVI ,)99 *$ %34$< Y$()9; ;32 GNZVI ,)99 %3<
Y$()9; ;32 G>ZVI ,)99 *$ %34$< Y$()9; ;32 G>ZVI ,)99 %3<
Y$()9; ;32 GOZ7I ,)99 *$ %34$< Y$()9; ;32 GOZ7I ,)99 %3<
Y$()9; ;32 GNZ7I ,)99 *$ %34$< Y$()9; ;32 GNZ7I ,)99 %3<
Y$()9; ;32 G>Z7I ,)99 *$ %34$< Y$()9; ;32 G>Z7I ,)99 %3<
Y$()9; @ ,)99 *$ %34$< Y$()9; @ ,)99 %3<
Y$()9; ,$ ,)99 *$ %34$< Y$()9; ,$ ,)99 %3<
V[V0&'29)4$ 7[7$.)4)4$ O[O)4J290( N[N209 >[>92(09
L\ : = )4%)'0-$& 0 + + ,)-# 0 *$%77%$ -#0- )& 53,$9$% ,)-# 0 4%*)%$ 6
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 40/87
2UFV;WIF";HT J2 GH;TTEG;H ;D;XEG!!
ADEFGEAHI "YDII
;66 5.(('?$ ?,'0$ 0,/<)=.+',/( ,> +#$ "#$$%&' 7 '/06)*'/= +#$ ($0,/*
5$3(,/7 .3$ >,3-$* C@ 56.0'/= +#$ 1
$ #5 "#$$%&' % & C$>,3$ 5.(('?$ ?,'0$ 0,/<)=.+',/( ,> +#$ ()*+*&, ,*&+* -*). 1 2,3 $4.-56$7 % =#8 %)* .*6&D
'#&* & C$0,-$( % .* '#&* 9& L ,%.1* 23B M1
"YI IWAY;"EG GJWW;FV
"#$ *$(7%,6" "#$$%&' '( )($* +, >,30$>)66@ *$-./* ./ .0+1 2,3 $4.-56$7
-$./(7 8?$3'6@ *,9: ./* -$./(7 8?$3'6@ #$ -)(+ *,9: ;660,/<)=.+',/( ,> +#$ *$(7%,6" "#$$%&' .3$ *$3'?$* >3,- +#$ *$(7%,6" 1
;0+'?$ ?,'0$ 0,/<)=.+',/( ,> +#$ *$(7%,6" "#$$%&' 3$>6$0+ +#$ 5$3(,/7
=$/*$37 ./* 56)3.6'+@ ,> +#$ '/*'?'*).6 0,--./*$*1 2,3 $4.-56$7 -$./(7 8?$3'6@ +#$@ -)(+ *,9: A.(('?$ ?,'0$ 0,/<)=.+',/( ,> +#$ *$(7%,6"
"#$$%&' 3$>6$0+ +#$ 5$3(,/7 =$/*$37 ./* 56)3.6'+@ ,> +#$ #./*", ,> +#$
0,--./*1 2,3 $4.-56$7 -$./(7 8?$3'6@ +#$@ %$1=17 +#,($ +.(B(&-)(+ C$ *,/$9:
ADEFGEAHI 2JUD
"#$ *$(7%,6" "#$$%&' '( >,3-$* >3,- +#$ *$(7%,6" '/ +K, *'(+'/0+ K.@(1 E/
+#$ 0.($ ,> +#$ .0+'?$ ?,'0$ ,> +#$ >'3(+ ./* +#'3* 5$3(,/7 +#$ *$(7%,6"
"#$$%&' '( >,3-$* C@ %O& 3$-,?'/= +#$ 1 $ #5 *$(7%+6+ % & >3,- +#$*$(7%,6" ./* %P& 3$56.0'/= '+ K'+# +#$ 1 $ #5 "#$$%&' % &1 X$0.)($ .66
>,3-( ,> +#$ *$(7%,6" .3$ +,%,*1*++ % &7 +#'( 1 $ *,$( /,+ 0#./=$ +#$ (+.+$
,> +#$ ?$3C1 Y,K$?$37 +#$ ?$3CZ( -$./'/= 0#./=$( >3,- +#$ $-5#.+'0 +,
+#$ $-5#.+'0 0,--./*1 2,3 $4.-56$7 % -*)61= 7* E611 '#9& C$0,-$(
% -*)61= 7* $8+, '#9&1
ADEFGEAHI 2E[I
;0+'?$ ?,'0$ 0,/<)=.+',/( ,> +#$ ($0,/* 5$3(,/ *$(7%,6" "#$$%&' .3$
>,3-$* C@ %O& 3$-,?'/= +#$ 8 : >3,- +#$ C$='//'/= ,> +#$ *$(7%,6" 7 %P&
3$56.0'/= +#$ '/'+'.6 , 9 ,> +#$ ($0,/* 5$3(,/ K'+# . 7%$0%7 %($.+$* ,/ ./
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 42/87
2UFV;WIF";HT J2 GH;TTEG;H ;D;XEG!$
FHI>J 234GDI;"EF_ "YI 2EDT" ;FV "YEDV AIDTJF ;G"E[I [JEGI GKLLHMN
%&'( )*
+'),)*-.
'-/0-
1),*
+/
'-/0- . 2
+/
3+22-*4 3-51)*,
6-72
2&-*1 +/
&89'&11)*,
6-72
-3:)%&
%+)3&
3+22-*4
Y$ #) E+ %T`W&*,$(
2'/.6'%$$%7 " G#./=$ >'/.6
'%$$%7 +, +8; &
Y$`E+ %T`W& -)(+ *,9
"#$@ %V`W& *,
2'/.6
& & " V3,5 >'/.6 & &
"#$@ %V`W& -)(+ *,9
"#$@ %A`W& *,
2'/.6
& & " V3,5 >'/.6 & &
"#$@ %A`W& -)(+ *,9
T#$ #) E+ %T`2&
*,$(
2'/.6'%$$%7 " G#./=$ >'/.6
'%$$%7 +, +8; &
T#$`E+ %T`2& -)(+ *,9
"#$@ %V`2& *,
2'/.6
& &
"
V3,5 >'/.6 & &
"#$@ %V`2& -)(+ *,9
"#$@ %A`2& *,
?,%,*1*++
% & " F, 0#./=$
"#$@ %A`2& -)(+ *,9
E *,
2'/.6'%$$%7 " G#./=$ >'/.6
'%$$%7 +, +8; &
E -)(+ *,9
N$ *,
2'/.6
'%$$%7 "
G#./=$ >'/.6
'%$$%7 +, +8; &
N$ -)(+ *,9
WaW.(0)6'/$ 2a2$-'/'/$ TaT'/=)6.3 VaV).6 AaA6)3.6
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 44/87
2UFV;WIF";HT J2 GH;TTEG;H ;D;XEG!=
FHI>J 23B "YI GKLLHMN
9-11)%& %+)3&
&29>-:)3 -3:)%& %+)3&
&29>-:)3 9-11)%& %+)3& -3:)%& %+)3& [$3'6@ #$`'+ %T`W& -)(+ C$ *,/$9 [$3'6@ #$`'+ %T`W& -)(+ *,9 Y$`E+ %T`W& -)(+ C$ *,/$9 Y$`E+ %T`W& -)(+ *,9
[$3'6@ +#$@ %V`W& -)(+ C$ *,/$9 [$3'6@ +#$@ %V`W& -)(+ *,9 "#$@ %V`W& -)(+ C$ *,/$9 "#$@ %V`W& -)(+ *,9
[$3'6@ +#$@ %A`W& -)(+ C$ *,/$9 [$3'6@ +#$@ %A`W& -)(+ *,9 "#$@ %A`W& -)(+ C$ *,/$9 "#$@ %A`W& -)(+ *,9
[$3'6@ (#$`'+ %T`2& -)(+ C$ *,/$9 [$3'6@ (#$`'+ %T`2& -)(+ *,9 T#$`E+ %T`2& -)(+ C$ *,/$9 T#$`E+ %T`2& -)(+ *,9
[$3'6@ +#$@ %V`2& -)(+ C$ *,/$9 [$3'6@ +#$@ %V`2& -)(+ *,9 "#$@ %V`2& -)(+ C$ *,/$9 "#$@ %V`2& -)(+ *,9
[$3'6@ +#$@ %A`2& -)(+ C$ *,/$9 [$3'6@ +#$@ %A`2& -)(+ *,9 "#$@ %A`2& -)(+ C$ *,/$9 "#$@ %A`2& -)(+ *,9
[$3'6@ L@,)M C$ *,/$9 %T`W& [$3'6@ L@,)M *,9 %T`W& Lc,)M X$ *,/$9 %T`W& Lc,)M V,9 %T`W&
[$3'6@ L@,)M C$ *,/$9 %V`W& [$3'6@ L@,)M *,9 %V`W& Lc,)M X$ *,/$9 %V`W& Lc,)M V,9 %V`W&
[$3'6@ L@,)M C$ *,/$9 %A`W& [$3'6@ L@,)M *,9 %A`W& Lc,)M X$ *,/$9 %A`W& Lc,)M V,9 %A`W&
[$3'6@ L@,)M C$ *,/$9 %T`2& [$3'6@ L@,)M *,9 %T`2& Lc,)M X$ *,/$9 %T`2& Lc,)M V,9 %T`2&
[$3'6@ L@,)M C$ *,/$9 %V`2& [$3'6@ L@,)M *,9 %V`2& Lc,)M X$ *,/$9 %V`2& Lc,)M V,9 %V`2&
[$3'6@ L@,)M C$ *,/$9 %A`2& [$3'6@ L@,)M *,9 %A`2& Lc,)M X$ *,/$9 %A`2& Lc,)M V,9 %A`2&
[$3'6@ E -)(+ C$ *,/$9 [$3'6@ E -)(+ *,9 E -)(+ C$ *,/$9 E -)(+ *,9
[$3'6@ K$ -)(+ C$ *,/$9 [$3'6@ K$ -)(+ *,9 N$ -)(+ C$ *,/$9 N$ -)(+ *,9
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 46/87
6RHS>PKH">JT L6 IJ>TTGI>J >F>QGI"#
DFGHIGDJK "UL
"#$ *0"%.(&1 "#$%&'&(&$) '( *+,-$/ 2B %V& ,$-+A'3@ 0#$ 2 0 $6 *0"%.+&+ % &
*,+- )88 4+3?.@)0'+3( +* 0#$ *0"%.(&1 )3/ %W& ,$18)4'3@ '0 C'0# 0#$ 2
0 $6 "#$%&'&(&$) % &5 Q$4).($ )88 *+,-( +* 0#$ *0"%.(&1 ),$ +(.(*2*++ % &9 0#'(
/+$( 3+0 4#)3@$ 0#$ :#.00.(&1.2 +(.(* +* 0#$ A$,25 O+C$A$,9 0#$ A$,2;(
-$)3'3@ 4#)3@$( *,+- 0#$ $-1#)0'4 0+ 0#$ $-1#)0'4 1,+#'2'0'+35 6+,
$7)-18$9 % ,*#&27 7$8 <&22 9$<& 2$4+-$( % ,*#&27 9$);( 9$<&5
KTTKH"G>J HL"K
"#$ 4+3?.@)0'+3( +* 0#$ "#$%&'&(&$) )3/ 0#$ *0"%.(&1 "#$%&'&(&$) -.(0 2$
-$-+,'X$/ % (.'2* 3453 & 2$*+,$ -+A'3@ 0+ 0#$ 3$70 8$((+35
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 49/87
GR?S&"B?D&AT CG @A&TT>@&A &=&U>@!"
>-"0 ?%"@ >"0.1.-" -6" ("--"1#
$, -6" 4$A"(
>-"0 B5$@ C"0(./" -6" ;.#" ("--"1# E "" F
5+-6 /$11"#0$%A+%7 %"5 ("--"1# E "" F
>-"0 B61""@ C".--./6 -6" ("--"1#
$, -6" 5$1A -$ ,$14 -6" 4.#/8(+%"
./-+)" 0.1-+/+0("
*DEFC' 99:9
& "&AB KPC KC=TP>8T $1
& KC=TP>8B=
"&T@RA>?B GHBDI' JGCBDHDJ!'
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 51/87
GR?S&"B?D&AT CG @A&TT>@&A &=&U>@!$
E . 4.(" 5$1#6+0"1 F ).+#1.$ E -5$ 4.(" 5$1#6+0"1# F *5 %2. #-.-" #0 1.,.2
E F (5- E -5$ 4.(" 5$1#6+0"1# F *5 %2. #-.-"# #0 %.#; E F (5- =.11
E F7 K2*3. %2. 0.1*5*5.; E . ,"4.(" 5$1#6+0"1 F ).+#1.$ E -5$ ,"4.(" 5$1#6+0"1# F *5 %2. #-.-" #0 1.,.2 E F (5- E -5$ ,"4.(" 5$1#6+0"1# F
*5 %2. #-.-"# #0 %.#; E F (5- =.11 E F7
8=>?@>8AB TB[B?
D2. :39'(3 0#'1 #0 &'()*+ 5#95$ *$ :'#-9+.- *5 %,# -*$%*5+% ,(<$Y %2.
I)'#].5 :39'(3J (5- %2. I$#95- :39'(37J D2. I)'#].5 :39'(3J *$ 0#'1.-
)< EZF I)'.(]*56J (:('% %2. $*5693(' ,#'-; ELF *5$.'%*56 #' '.1#/*56
3.%%.'$; (5- EWF +2(56*56 /#,.3*567 & $.% :(%%.'5 0#' %2.$. +2(56.$ -#.$
5#% .H*$%7 D2.'.0#'.; .(+2 )'#].5 :39'(3 19$% ). *5-*/*-9(33< 1.1#'*_.-7
G#' .H(1:3.; %2. )'#].5 :39'(3 0#' %2. $*5693(' E ;$$< F *$ E ;$$<# F; ,2*3. %2. )'#].5 :39'(3 0#' %2. $*5693(' E 4$#L8" F *$
E 4$#L8"# F7 >5 .(+2 +($. %2. $*5693(' 0#'1 ,($ $.:('(%.-; 3.%%.'$ ,.'.*5$.'%.- #' '.1#/.-; (5- /#,.3*56 ,($ +2(56.-7
8=>?@>8AB B>VPD
D2. $.+#5- %<:. #0 &'()*+ :39'(3 *$ +(33.- %2. I$#95- :39'(3;J (5- *% *$
9$.- )< %2. ./-+)" 0.1-+/+0(" 7WW D2. I$#95- :39'(3J *$ 0#'1.- 0'#1 %2.
$*5693(' )< EZF 1(]*56 $3*62% (3%.'(%*#5$ %# %2. 3($% 3.%%.' #0 %2. $*5693('(5- ELF (--*56 ( -.$*65(%.- .5-*567 D2*$ $900*H /('*.$ ).%,..5 1($+93*5.
(5- 0.1*5*5. 0#'1$ (5- '.03.+%$ %2. 71.44.-+/.( #-.-" #0 %2. ,#'- E -.;("
99:M F7 >5 %2. +($. #0 %2. 1($+93*5. $#95- :39'(3; *0 %2. ,#'- *$ *5 %2. #-.-"
#0 1.,.2 E F; %2. $900*H I J *$ (--.-^ ,2.'.($ *0 %2. ,#'- *$ *5 .*%2.'
%2. #-.-"# #0 %.#; E F #' =.11 E F; %2. .5-*56 I J *$ (--.-7 G#'
.H(1:3.; E . 4.(" 5$1#6+0"1 F ).+#1.$ E 4.%N 4.(" 5$1#6+0"1# F *5
%2. #-.-" #0 1.,.2 E F (5- E 4.%N 4.(" 5$1#6+0"1# F *5 %2. #-.-"# #0 %.#;
E F (5- =.11 E F7
WW T#1. $*5693(' ,#'-$ #53< 9$. %2. )'#].5 :39'(3; #%2.'$ #53< 9$. %2. $#95- :39'(37 =('.3<; (
$*5693(' ,#'- ,*33 9$. )#%2 %2. $#95- (5- )'#].5 :39'(3$7 G#' %2. 1#$% :('%; ./-+)" 0.1-+/+0(" $
9$. %2. $#95- :39'(37
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 61/87
>0) A#$" #% >'() *"+ B-*.) !$
>CD;< 4564 *J( *E) "G**(#%Q =)# *J( AEFA EG >HI< CAJ B;CK<
%&'()*+,- ./01-, 2*)/&* 3)&* '+,4)*&/
53?,0 #1 @:71,0 6D /638F 5I6 53?,0 #2 @:71,0 6D /638F 7 53?, #1 @:71, 6D /638F
53?,0 #1 @:71,0 6D /638F 5I6 53?,0 #1 @:71,0 6D /638F 7 53?, #1 @:71, 6D /638F
53?,0 #1 @:71,0 6D /638F 5I6 53?,0 #1 @:71,0 6D /638F 7 53?, #1 @:71, 6D /638F
%&'()*+,- ./01-, 2*)/&* 3)&* '+,4)*&/
53?,0 #1 @:71,0 6D /638F 5I6 53?,0 #2 @:71,0 6D /638F 7 53?, #1 @:71, 6D /638F
53?,0 #1 @:71,0 6D /638F 5I6 53?,0 #1 @:71,0 6D /638F 7 53?, #1 @:71, 6D /638F
53?,0 #1 @:71,0 6D /638F 5I6 53?,0 #1 @:71,0 6D /638F 7 53?, #1 @:71, 6D /638F
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 65/87
?N%SQT(%*Q'U )? &'QUU$&Q' Q#QV$&!"
,01 68 4+, F671> *+,7,867,C 4+, B344,70 68 4+, F671 /5 4+, 53A, 867 3;;
4+7,, .%'22'()1'& !('($ 5 - ('3&$ 456> .>
"#$%&$"'( ?$W(
*+, 8,A/0/0, 867A 68 4+, !"#$%&'()*$ +,"+ :5,5 4+, 54301371 1:3;C 301 /4
:5,5 =64+ 4+, 56:01 B;:73; 301 4+, =76M,0 B;:73; - ('3&$ 456> .>
(UU(%*$Q' %)*(
*+, 260X:H34/605 68 4+, !"#$%&'()*$ +,"+ A:54 =, A,A67/Y,1 - ('3&$! 4564
'+0 456> . =,867, A6I/0H 46 4+, 0,@4 ;,5560>
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 71/87
'(" @4A '?*"# $/ B"). <$)0 1 !8
'CD!E :;79
S(#W P)#V $ )% <R( "N<<(#% )P
$%&'()9*%)+%&9$,-&.,/01 $&%3/4 $.'0 '-33/4 .50/6%
6(/5%
C/2 V0-9,+*61 ?*6A,+0/ "
C/2 V0-9,+*61 U,0+ " "
C/2 V0-9,+*61 "+,/0+
" "
C/2 P13*6*61 ?*6A,+0/ "
C/2 P13*6*61 U,0+ " "
C/2 P13*6*61 "+,/0+
"
"
J62 V0-9,+*61 ?*6A,+0/ "
J62 V0-9,+*61 U,0+ " "
J62 V0-9,+*61 "+,/0+
"
"
J62 P13*6*61 ?*6A,+0/ " "
J62 P13*6*61 U,0+ " "
J62 P13*6*61 "+,/0+
"
"
I-. V0-9,+*61 062P13*6*61
?*6A,+0/ "
I-. V0-9,+*61 062P13*6*61
"+,/0+ "
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 72/87
PT%UNV(%<N'? )P &'N??$&N' N#NW$&7:
(O*-.-
(O*-.-
(O*-.-
(O*-.-
(O*-.-
U41- 64. 1O*-.
U41- 64. 1O*-.
U41- 64. 1O*-.
(O*-.-
<1KLME :;7:&)VW$%N<$)%? )P N&<$S( S)$&( BEMD <NMO 1 "N<<(#%?
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 74/87
PT%UNV(%<N'? )P &'N??$&N' N#NW$&7<
<81 +H,4-" *+),4H4*3" *-F ^0 81+51/_
#$
R1+5*6A
R1 81+5-
R1 81+512
<81 *+##4-" *+),4H4*3" *-F
^81 @84 @0- 81+512_
W1*6A 81+512
R1 *- >1*6A
81+512
R1 @0- 81+512
N62 .81 *)$(4.4,4$% 74/ .8*- 74/3 *-F ^U46`. 81+5;_
<81 H$00+%5 74/ .8*- 74/3 *-F ^R1+5a_
N62 .81 %$=% $/ =#+J" *-F ^0 .44+ ,-12 74/ 81+5*6A;_
<81 %$=% $/ ,40" +%5 *3+H" *-F
^0 5+091 $) .*31 47 81+5*6A;_
<81 713*6*61 #=*")3+,4-" %$=% *- ^0 7130+1 @84 81+5- 34/1
E $) 34-.G;_
<81 #=*")3+,4-" %$=% *-
^461 @84 81+5- 34/1 E $) 34-.G;_
<1KLME :;79$''T?<#N<$%[ <R( V)U(' P)# <R( BEMD <NMO@
Cb @"" 744.64.1 C\;
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 75/87
'(" @4A '?*"# $/ B"). <$)0 1 7=
'CD!E :;78 <R( ?$Y <c"(? )P S(#W P)#V $
P)#V $F <c"( N
)6 .81 50..1/6 47
# <81 *+#, ,"%#" E G80- 0 /+,(+( 46 .81 L+4%
54-*.*46 062 .81 *)"#"%,
,"%#" E G 80- 0
5+00+( 46 .81 L+4%
54-*.*46
F Q" ("3*"5
P)#V $F <c"( W
)6 .81 50..1/6 47
#
<81 *+#, ,"%#" E G80- 0 /+,(+( 46 .81 L+4%
54-*.*46 062 .81 *)"#"%,
,"%#" E G 80- 0
I+#)+( 46 .81 L+4%
54-*.*46
F Q" #,)=HI
P)#V $F <c"( &
)6 .81 50..1/6 47
# <81 *+#, ,"%#" E G80- 0 I+#)+( 46 .81 L+4%
54-*.*46 062 .81 *)"#"%,
,"%#" E G 80- 0
/+,(+( 46 .81 L+4%
54-*.*46
F Q" ("+)5
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 77/87
!""#$%&'#(
"#$ %&''&()*+ "##$%&'($) )'',-./0.$ 1&*2,+0.)&*- %&/ .#$ 30-$ '$..$/-!! 4 *+ )*,'-$ 56 "#$-$ 0/$ 7/&8)9$9 .& /$8)$( .#$ 7/$8)&,- :0.$/)0'
0*9 .& 3$..$/ )'',-./0.$ ./0*-'0.)&*- &% .#$ 80/)&,- 8$/3 0*9 *&,* %&/:-6
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 82/87
;<=>?@A="?BC D; EB?CCFE?B ?G?HFE 45
.//01234 0 "IA =;<<.12 J 7089 :;8< 3 4"KLA H5
+',,)-% -*).%%2+6'().
'.()-% -*).%%2+6'(). +',,)-% -*).% '.()-% -*).%
R$/)'O #$M). 4CM@5 :,-. 3$ -./,1NS R$/)'O #$M). 4CM@5 :,-. -./)N$S
I$MF. 4CM@5 :,-. 3$-./,1NS
I$MF. 4CM@5 :,-. -./)N$S
R$/)'O .#$O 4>M@5 :,-. 3$ -./,1NS R$/)'O .#$O 4>M@5 :,-. -./)N$S
"#$O 4>M@5 :,-. 3$-./,1NS
"#$O 4>M@5 :,-. -./)N$S
R$/)'O .#$O 4LM@5 :,-. 3$ -./,1NS R$/)'O .#$O 4LM@5 :,-. -./)N$S
"#$O 4LM@5 :,-. 3$-./,1NS
"#$O 4LM@5 :,-. -./)N$S
R$/)'O -#$M). 4CM;5 :,-. 3$ -./,1NS R$/)'O -#$M). 4CM;5 :,-. -./)N$S
C#$MF. 4CM;5 :,-. 3$-./,1NS
C#$MF. 4CM;5 :,-. -./)N$S
R$/)'O .#$O 4>M;5 :,-. 3$ -./,1NS R$/)'O .#$O 4>M;5 :,-. -./)N$S
"#$O 4>M;5 :,-. 3$
-./,1NS
"#$O 4>M;5 :,-. -./)N$S
R$/)'O .#$O 4LM;5 :,-. 3$ -./,1NS R$/)'O .#$O 4LM;5 :,-. -./)N$S "#$O 4LM;5 :,-. 3$ -./,1NS "#$O 4LM;5 :,-. -./)N$S
R$/)'O TK&,U 3$ -./,1N 4CM@5S R$/)'O TK&,U -./)N$S 4CM@5 TK&,U H$ -./,1NS 4CM@5 TK&,U C./)N$S 4CM@5
R$/)'O TK&,U 3$ -./,1N 4>M@5S R$/)'O TK&,U -./)N$S 4>M@5 TK&,U H$ -./,1NS 4>M@5 TK&,U C./)N$S 4>M@5S
R$/)'O TK&,U 3$ -./,1N 4LM@5S R$/)'O TK&,U -./)N$S 4LM@5 TK&,U H$ -./,1NS 4LM@5 TK&,U C./)N$S 4LM@5
R$/)'O TK&,U 3$ -./,1N 4CM;5S R$/)'O TK&,U -./)N$S 4CM;5 TK&,U H$ -./,1NS 4CM;5 TK&,U C./)N$S 4CM;5
R$/)'O TK&,U 3$ -./,1N 4>M;5S R$/)'O TK&,U -./)N$S 4>M;5 TK&,U H$ -./,1NS 4>M;5 TK&,U C./)N$S 4>M;5
R$/)'O TK&,U 3$ -./,1N 4LM;5S R$/)'O TK&,U -./)N$S 4LM;5 TK&,U H$ -./,1NS 4LM;5 TK&,U C./)N$S 4LM;5
R$/)'O F :,-. 3$ -./,1NS R$/)'O F :,-. -./)N$S F :,-. 3$ -./,1NS F :,-. -./)N$S
R$/)'O ($ :,-. 3$ -./,1NS R$/)'O ($ :,-. -./)N$S P$ :,-. 3$ -./,1NS P$ :,-. -./)N$S
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 86/87
;<=>?@A="?BC D; EB?CCFE?B ?G?HFE4@
.//01234 >
"IA 1;C1 ;: C5.A0 4 5J 7089 :;8< 3 4"KLA H5
+'((%=$ ' A,6*=(B
2',.:;)$%
3=*?%$ +;:='; <:'; ,)$&:;'= .&&'- &% -./)N)*+ .(& .&&'- &% -./)N)*+
0 .&&' &% -./)N)*+4$6+6Y 0 #0::$/5
.&&'- &% -./)N)*+ .(& .&&'- &% -./)N)*+ 0 .&&' &% -./)N)*+ .&&'- &% -./)N)*+ .(& .&&'- &% -./)N)*+ 0 .&&' &% -./)N)*+
+'((%=$ 3 A2%<):2B
2',.:;)$%
3=*?%$ +;:='; <:'; ,)$&:;'= .&&'- &% -./)N)*+ .(& .&&'- &% -./)N)*+
0 .&&' &% -./)N)*+4$6+6Y 0 #0::$/5
.&&'- &% -./)N)*+ .(& .&&'- &% -./)N)*+ 0 .&&' &% -./)N)*+
.&&'- &% -./)N)*+ .(& .&&'- &% -./)N)*+ 0 .&&' &% -./)N)*+
+'((%=$ . A;*$&B
2',.:;)$%
3=*?%$ +;:='; <:'; ,)$&:;'= .&&'- &% -./)N)*+ .(& .&&'- &% -./)N)*+
0 .&&' &% -./)N)*+
4$6+6Y 0 #0::$/5
.&&'- &% -./)N)*+ .(& .&&'- &% -./)N)*+ 0 .&&' &% -./)N)*+
.&&'- &% -./)N)*+ .(& .&&'- &% -./)N)*+ 0 .&&' &% -./)N)*+
7/27/2019 The Classical Arabic
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-classical-arabic 87/87
.##$%&'($) 4C
.//01234 H
"IA @?CE<BF=A 5C/08B.6370 1;C1 4 5J 7089 :;8< 3 #$
2',.:;)$%3=*?%$ +;:='; ,*:$< +;:='; <:'; ,)$&:;'=
.#&-$ (#& 0/$ &'9$/M+/$0.$/
.#&-$ (#& 0/$&'9$/M+/$0.$/
.(& (#& 0/$&'9$/M+/$0.$/
&*$ (#& )-&'9$/M+/$0.$/Z[
.#&-$ (#& 0/$ &'9$/M+/$0.$/
.#&-$ (#& 0/$&'9$/M+/$0.$/
.(& (#& 0/$&'9$/M+/$0.$/
&*$ (#& )-&'9$/M+/$0.$/
.#&-$ (#& 0/$ &'9$/M+/$0.$/
.#&-$ (#& 0/$&'9$/M+/$0.$/
.(& (#& 0/$&'9$/M+/$0.$/
&*$ (#& )-&'9$/M+/$0.$/
.//01234 B
"IA ;A@F=F=A 5C/08B.6370 1;C1 4 5J 7089 :;8< 3 4"KLA H5
9%2)$)$% 3=*?%$ +;:='; ,*:$< +;:='; <:'; ,)$&:;'=
.#&-$ (#& 0/$ &'9$/M+/$0.$/
.#&-$ (#& 0/$&'9$/M+/$0.$/
.(& (#& 0/$&'9$/M+/$0.$/
&*$ (#& )-&'9$/M+/$0.$/Z\
.#&-$ (#& 0/$ &'9$/M+/$0.$/.#&-$ (#& 0/$&'9$/M+/$0.$/
.(& (#& 0/$&'9$/M+/$0.$/
&*$ (#& )-&'9$/M+/$0.$/
.#&-$ (#& 0/$ &'9$/M+/$0.$/.#&-$ (#& 0/$&'9$/M+/$0.$/
.(& (#& 0/$&'9$/M+/$0.$/
&*$ (#& )-&'9$/M+/$0.$/