The Civil WarThe Nation Divided

Lincoln’s Inauguration March 4, 1861, 2 weeks

after Jefferson Davis is sworn in as the President of the Confederacy.

Threat was looming at Ft. Sumter in South Carolina.

The issue of slavery still on the minds of loyal slave states: Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Virginia (secedes April 1861), Tennessee (secedes May 1861), and North Carolina (secedes May 1861)

Lincoln’s Dilemma Confederate troops demand

Ft. Sumter turned over to them What are Lincoln’s options? If Lincoln sends in troops, this

may make him responsible for war BUT if he evacuates Fort it may appear he recognizes the CSA as a nation

Fortunately, on April 12, 1861 Rebel forces fire on Ft. Sumter --> Lincoln does not have to make the decision, Davis declares war.

On The Eve of War….Who is more prepared? Prediction based on numbers?

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Population MerchantShips

BankingCapital

Union Confederacy

Strategy Union: The Anaconda

Plan Step 1: Navy will

blockade Southern ports so they cannot export/import goods

Step 2: Union riverboats on the Mississippi Rv. will split the South in two

Step 3: Capture Confederate capital: Richmond, VA

The alliance that ALMOST was…. 1861, Confederates appealed

to Britain for an alliance. They sent 2 ambassadors on a British merchant ship.

Problem: Federal navy boards ship and arrests diplomats. Britain lines troops up on Canadian Border-known as The Trent Affair

Result: Lincoln apologizes and returns diplomats, Britain relieved, do not enter an alliance

How might the war have been different? Britain forsaking views on

slavery for southern cotton

War in the East 1861-1862

Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) July 21, 1861 Confederate Victory-Union

Troops attempting to make their way to Confederate Capital

Conf.General T. Jackson earns name Stonewall as he holds his troops firm.

Southerners confident that war will be short and they will be victorious.

Seven Days Battle and AntietamApril 1862

Seven Days Battle-Confederate Victory

Federal Gen. McClellan wants to capture Richmond

Spends too much time planning and strategizing

Conf. Gen. Lee defeats him using unorthodox strategies and less troops, but with greater causalities

Antietam-Stalemate Lee follows McClellan

toward Union capital Lee retreats and McClellan

does not follow, this could have ended the war.

Lincoln fires him 26,000 lives lost, more

that War of 1812 and war with Mexico combined.

Who is General Robert E. Lee?

Confederate General he was Lincoln’s number

one choice for head of Union army but turns it down out of loyalty to the South

Hero from Mexican-American War and squashed John Brown’s uprising at Harper’s Ferry

Home was surrendered and is today Arlington National Cemetery

War in the West 1861-1862

Battle of Shiloh, April 1862 Union Victory Surprise attack on the Federalist troops Led by Union Gen. Grant Victory here allows for Grant to control

the Mississippi River Lesson: Need to have strategic

planning, i.e. scouts, trenches and fortification needed

Who is Grant? Union General, fought in

Mexican-American War, though he did not believe in the cause

Left war because he missed his family

Called “Unconditional Surrender” because he will only accept unconditional and immediate surrender

Idea of total war President 1869-1877

Battle of New Orleans, 1862 Admiral Farragut launches

naval attack against the important port city of New Orleans.

Took the city in 5 days Now cut off port and had

total control Mississippi River and have split the South in two, with the exception of Vicksburg and Port Hudson left in Confederate control, perched high on a bluff

Women in the Civil War Southern women

were called upon by Jefferson Davis to rally their men to war

The cartoon is a piece of Southern propaganda

The Fear

Women’s Roles Spies: a number of women,

both Union and Confederate took on the roles of spy or soldier, I.e. Harriet Tubman and Rose O’Neal

Nurses: Clara Barton, Union Nurse, sets up the Red Cross and helps the wounded on the battlefield. In the South nothing formal is established but work long hours in grueling conditions

Retaliation Southern women,

especially in occupied areas began to retaliate against their oppressors.

In April of 1862 General Benjamin Butler issued orders to the women of New Orleans in response to their behavior toward Union troops, i.e. spitting on them and pouring waste out of the window onto them

Retaliation Butler’s proclamation stated:

"As the officers and soldiers of the United States have been subjected to repeated insults from the women (calling themselves ladies) of New Orleans, in return for the most scrupulous noninterference and courtesy on our part, it is ordered that hereafter when any female shall, by word, gesture, or movement, insult or show contempt for any officer or soldier of the United States, she shall be regarded and held liable to be treated as a woman of the town plying her avocation."

War in the East 1863-1864

Gettysburg-May 1863 After the Battle of Chancelorsville, Lee follows

Union troops. He needs supplies and can only get them in the North

Day 1: Looks like a Confederate victory Day 2: Rebel loss for the day, tired from 25 mile

walk the day before and literal uphill battle. Day 3: South pummeled by Northern artillery and

retreat. Union victory 23,000 Federal casualties and 28,000

Confederate casualties Turning point in the war

The next day, Vicksburg Grant sent troops to destroy railways in

Central Mississippi to distract from Vicksburg The first attack fails Then Grant barrages the city with artillery Eventually Confederates, after months of

siege and low supplies, surrender Grant now has Confederacy cut in two Turning point

Massachusetts 54th Regiment

The real Robert Gould Shaw of the 54th

Died in battle at Ft. Wagoner in South Carolina

The Final Nail-Sherman 1864-65

Sherman’s March Sherman is appointed by

Grant Believes in total war,

meaning war against civilians

Grant heads to Virginia to stop Lee

Grant tells Lincoln “whatever happened there will be no turning back”

Grant loses 60,000 men from May to June

“WAR IS ALL HELL”

Sherman’s March Sherman heads towards

Atlanta, destroys railroads and burns the city to the ground

Then he heads to the sea to Savanna and then to Columbia S.C.

Sherman then rejoins Grant in Virginia

Victories in 1864 lead to the re-election of Lincoln

SURRENDER!! On April 9, 1865

General’s Lee and Grant met at Appomattox Court House, VA to end the war.

The Confederacy surrender and Grant, under Lincoln’s orders agrees to generous terms

Lincoln’s Assassination On April 14, 1865

Abraham Lincoln, while attending a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C. was killed by John Wilkes Booth

Booth was a member of a prominent acting family

He was opposed to abolition and giving blacks the right to vote

The Plot Booth plotted the

assassination of Abraham Lincoln, Vice President Andrew Johnson, Sec. of State William Seward.

Seward was injured in the attack but survived his wounds

The assassin for Johnson got cold feet and never followed through with the plan

Lincoln’s Assassination Booth, an actor and not

out of place in the theater, went up to Lincoln’s box. He stayed outside for a time and then drew his gun and shot

Booth then jumped off the balcony on to the stage yelling “sic temper tyrannis,” thus always to tyrants.

Lincoln’s Assassination Booth is captured 12

days later in Virginia. There he is shot by a

soldier, reportedly not given the order to do so.

8 other people are implicated as conspirators and are hung.

The Nation Mourns