The Civil War

Chapter 22

Union President Abraham Lincoln

The Stars & Stripes

Union Flag

Union President Abraham Lincoln

• 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected as the 16th U.S. President in November

• South Carolina was the first state to secede in December of 1860

• Eventually, 11 southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America

Confederate President Jefferson Davis

The Stars & Bars

Confederate Flag

Confederate President Jefferson Davis

• Born in Kentucky, raised on a plantation in Mississippi

• Attended West Point• Served in Mexican

American War• President Franklin

Pierce’s Secretary of War

Both sides expected a quick and easy victory

to the war

Anaconda Plan

Anaconda Plan

1. Surround the South by land and sea

2. Divide the Confederacy into sections

3. Capture Richmond, Virginia (the capital of the Confederacy)

Battle of Bull Run (The Great Awakening)

Battle of Bull Run July 1861

• People came with picnics to watch the battle• Manassas (small town outside of Richmond)• The Confederate troops had been warned by a

female spy and were waiting • The South won this first battle• Battle of Bull Run History Channel Video

The Union Blockade

The Union Blockade

• The Union closed all southern ports so they could not export cotton or import supplies from Europe

Battle of Antietam

Battle of Antietam September 1862

• Confederate General Robert E. Lee invaded Maryland • Union claimed it as a win• Union Losses 2,100 dead/10,300 injured• Confederate Losses 2,770 dead/11,000

injured• THE BLOODIEST DAY OF THE WAR!• Battle of Antietam History Channel Video

The New Realities of War

The New Realities of War

• Weapons were more accurate, which resulted in more deaths • Battle techniques were outdated

Gatling GunForerunner to Machine Gun

Spencer Repeating Rifle

• Could shoot 7 rounds before being reloaded

Colt Navy Revolver

• Could shoot 6 rounds before being reloaded, was light and had less recoil

Ironsides & Submarines

• Iron plates were attached to wooden warships (ironsides)• The first submarines were developed and

used in warfare

Medical Care

• Medical care was not as advanced as weapons. More than 600,000 men died in the war

• UNSANITARY CONDITIONS –2/3 of deaths were caused by disease &

infection–Doctors and nurses didn’t wash hands or

instruments between patients–Diseases: Typhoid, pneumonia, diarrhea, etc

Civil War Field Hospital

Civil War Field Hospital

Civil War Amputee

Emancipation Proclamation

• January 1, 1863• President Lincoln’s formal order

ending slavery in the Confederate States• Provided inspiration to continue

fighting to end slavery• Prevented Europe from making an

alliance with the South

Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863

• Turning point in the war• Lee invaded the North again at

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania• 90,000 Union troops vs. 75,000

Confederate troops• 17,500 Union Troops and 23,000

Confederate Troops were killed in 3 days• Gettysburg Video from History Channel

Battle of Gettysburg Results

• Lee lost 1/3 of his army• Lee retreated and from this point

on he was only able to fight a defensive war

The Draft

• Both sides started running out of volunteers• 1862 Confederacy started drafting

white men between 18-35• 1863 Union started drafting men 20-

45… you could escape the draft by paying a substitute

New York Draft Riots

New York Draft Riots: July 1863

• People rioted for 4 days in resistance to the draft (they did not want to fight a war on behalf of African Americans)

• Whites attacked free blacks (100 died)• Abolitionists & sympathizers were attacked• Public buildings were raided• A black orphanage was burned to the ground • Lincoln sent troops from Gettysburg• Scene from Gangs of New York

Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address

Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address

• Dedication of the Gettysburg Cemetery• Lincoln gave one of the most famous speeches

in American history. It drew upon the Declaration of Independence and encouraged Americans to finish the war.

• “The world… can never forget what they did here… these dead shall not have died in vain- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom” (referring to emancipation)

• Johnny Cash reciting the Gettysburg Address

Battle of Vicksburg

Battle of Vicksburg Video

Battle of Vicksburg

• After a long siege, Union General Grant took control of the Mississippi River and divided the Confederacy into two• This victory, as well as others,

prompted Lincoln to put Grant in charge of the Union army

Massachusetts 54th Regiment

• Massachusetts: One of the first states to have black regiments

• Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw (son of abolitionists)

• 1,000 soldiers; 2 sons of Fredrick Douglass• Paid less than white soldiers• Confederacy announced that any captured

black Union soldiers or white officers of black regiments would be executed

• MA 54th History Channel Scene from Glory

Massachusetts 54th Regiment

Lincoln’s Reelection

Lincoln’s Re-election: November 1864

•Lincoln doubted that he would get re-elected•Northerners were growing very weary of war•Sherman’s capture of Atlanta helped convince voters that Lincoln could win this war•With the re-election of Lincoln, any hope for negotiating a treaty with the Confederacy evaporated

William Tecumseh Sherman

William Tecumseh Sherman

• General in the Union Army during the Civil War; Grant’s right-hand man• Praised for his military strategy• Criticized for his “scorched earth”

policies• “Sherman’s March” left the South in

ruins

Sherman’s March (Route)

Sherman’s March

Sherman’s TacticsSherman’s Burning of Atlanta

Union General: Ulysses S. Grant

Union General: Ulysses S. Grant

• Attended West Point• He sought to demolish

the undersupplied Confederate Army• He would go on to be

the 18th president of the United States

Confederate General: Robert E. Lee

Confederate General: Robert E. Lee

• Graduated 2nd in his class at West Point• Asked by Lincoln to

command the Union Army• Opposed slavery and

secession, but could not fight against his native Virginia

April 9, 1865Appomattox Courthouse…Lee Surrenders

Appomattox Courthouse…Lee Surrenders

• Lee was forced to surrender his weary army• April 9, 1865, in full-dress uniform he

surrendered to Grant• Grant’s terms of surrender were generous• Confederate soldiers could go home if they

promised to stop fighting• Could take their horses and mules for plowing• Officers could keep their weapons• Grant sent food to Lee’s half-starved troops

• Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s Farewell Address

Lincoln Assassinated

Lincoln Assassinated

• April 14, 1865• 5 days after Lee surrendered to Grant• At Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C.• Shot in the back of the head • Remained in a coma for 9 hours before

he died at 7:20am April 15,1865

John Wilkes Booth

John Wilkes Booth

• Famous actor and Confederate spy• Booth decided to assassinate the

president after attending a speech (April 11, 1865) where Lincoln promoted voting rights for blacks• Was on the run for 10 days before he

was found on a farm in Virginia and shot

• Aftermath of Lincoln’s Assassination History Channel Video Clip