The Civil War

Blue: Union statesRed: Confederate statesLight Blue: Border states (states with slaves that did not secede)

Battle Maps

II. StrategyA. North: Anaconda Plan1. Take Southern capital city of Richmond2. Blockade Southern ports3. Cut South in 2 (Miss. River)B. South: Defensive; attack if possible

The Anaconda Plan

Generals at Bull RunGeneral Irvin McDowell vs. General Pierre Beauregard

1st Battle of Bull Run- July, 1861- Rebels guarding RRIII. Major Battles and Events

Going to a picnicBull Run Creek--Manassas, VAFirst true battle of the war"You are green, it is true, but they are green also; you are all green alike."Railroad JunctionDesertionUnion troops retreat in panicConfederates thought the war was over

"There stands Jackson like a stone wall! Rally behind the Virginians

July 21st, 1861Union troops -28,000Confederate Troops-32,000Mc Dowell v. BeauregardCasualties-2,800(U) to 1,900(C)No more ninety day enlistmentsLincoln asks for 3 -year enlistmentsStonewall Jackson earns his nickname

Bull Run Creek-- Manassas, VirginiaThe first battle was an important Confederate victory. Manassas showed that the war was going to be very long and difficult for both sides.

Naming of Civil War battlesReason many Civil War battles have 2 names: The North named them after bodies of water while the South named them after villages

2. Naval War- 1862- March-North blockades the South

The Battle of the Ironclads, March, 1862The Monitor vs. the Merrimac

Merrimac v. Monitor : Covered with iron

3. Shiloh, TN-1862- April- Shiloh (TN)-Rebs surprise Union -By 2nd day, Union takes victory

4. 2nd Battle of Bull Run-Aug, 1862-Lee wins, crosses into MD but is stopped by McClellan

Battle of Antietam Bloodiest Single Day of the War23,000 casualtiesSeptember 17, 1862

Battle of Antietam McClellan vs. Lee

Antietam Creek: Sharpsburg, MD

Bloody battle in Maryland resulted in a tie, but Robert E. Lees army had to retreat back into Virginia. Lee attacked the North because he needed a victory on Northern soil.

5. Antietam Creek-1862-Bloodiest day of the war-No winner- Lee retreats but McClellan does not pursueLincoln at Antietam

Used balloon observations

The Emancipation Proclamation

6. Emancipation Proclamation-Jan 1, 1863: Lincoln issues following the Union victory at Antietam

Freed the slaves in the REBELLING STATES ONLYWhy not KY, DE, MO, and MD?Slaves were used as army labor, so Lincoln confiscated this labor

-Allowed blacks to enlist in Union Army-After this, compromise is not possible between the 2 sides

Emancipation in 1863

Battle of Chancellorsville May 1, 1863 Joseph Fighting Joe Hooker Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson James Ewell Brown 'Jeb' Stuart

7. Chancellorsville-May 1863-Stonewall accidentally killed by own men

The Last Meeting

Chancellorsville, VirginiaStonewall Jackson loses his life after achieving one of the greatest military maneuvers of the Civil War at Chancellorsville, in Virginia.

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

8. Gettysburg-July 1863-Turning point of the war-South lost morale and spirit

Gettysburg, PennsylvaniaGettysburg was an important Northern victory. The Confederate Army was cut down by almost 25%.

GettysburgUnion dead on the battlefield

GettysburgLittle Round Top

GettysburgThe Wheatfield

GettysburgMeades headquarters on Cemetery Ridge

GettysburgLees Headquarters

10. Gettysburg Address-Nov 1863-Cemetery dedication

The Gettysburg AddressNovember 19, 1863Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

- Lincoln spoke for 2 min.- People realize that the U.S. is 1 nation, not a collection of individual states, and is worth dying for

The War in the West, 1863:Vicksburg

Vicksburg, MississippiThis important battle gave the Union Army control of trade and he Mississippi River, which cut the Confederacy in half and allowed General Grant to control trade and communication on the river.

9. Vicksburg (MS)-July, 1863-U.S. Grant wants city on Miss. River-Lays siege for 6 weeks

Residents starve- eat mules and dogsRebs surrender the day after GettysburgSouth is now cut in 2

-Following Gettysburg and Vicksburg, morale in the South deterioratedthe people were starving-CSA couldnt come together-High # of deserters

African RegimentsNot allowed to fight in the Civil War at the beginning.Formed their own regiments to fight for the Union.Congress agreed to let them enlist186,000 enlistedNot paid as well as white soldiersGiven poor equipmentThreatened by the confederate soldiers

The Famous 54th Massachusetts

Ft. Wagnerassault force led by the 54th Massachusetts, an experimental black regiment of free men from the North went in with fixed bayonets to storm the fort.

Shermans March to the Sea through Georgia, 1864

11. Grant takes Chattanooga-Major rail center-Named Commander of Union Army

12. 1864: Grant attacks Lees army in VA again and againwants to wear them down13. Sherman occupies and burns Atlanta-Sept, 1864

Southern Refugees

Peachtree Street, 1864

A shelled house

Marietta Street

A House in Atlanta

Atlanta Train Station

Atlantas City Hall

Decatur Street

Whitehall Street

War is cruelty. There's no use trying to reform it; the crueler it is the sooner it will be over.

War is the remedy our enemies have chosen, and I say give them all they want.

If the people raise a great howl against my barbarity and cruelty, I will answer that war is war, and not popularity seeking.Some quotes from Sherman

-Marches to the Sea-Total War: destroys everything in his pathwants to starve the South into surrender-Reaches Savannah in December

1864, Nov.-Lincoln re-elected with Andrew Johnson (TN) as V.P.In his Second Inaugural Address: -Sherman gives Savannah to Lincoln as a Christmas Gift-Sherman heads North and destroys S.C. (1st state to secede)-burns every house in its path

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865

IV. SurrenderA. Early 1865-CSA govt abandons Richmond 1. Grant closing in from west, Sherman from the South

Lee SurrendersLees Confederate troopsStarving and clothes were ragsTrappedForced to surrender at the Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865Grants Union troopsWell-fed and well suppliedSurrounded the Confederate soldiersTHE WAR WAS OVER!

B. 1865-April 1. Lee and Grant meet at Appomattox Court House in Virginia

AppomatoxThe McClean house where Lee will sign the surrender

Appomatox Appomatox Courthouse

2. Lincolns conditions were generousSent Confederate troops home with food and their horsesOfficers were allowed to keep their guns

V. The Legacy of the WarPolitical Changes 1. Federal government is supreme- increased power 2. More directly involved in citizens lives

B. Economic Changes 1. North economy boomedWar-time industries

2. South economy devastated-Slaves are gone (investments)-Wiped out livestock and farmland

C. Costs of the war 1. Every family was affected 2. Union losses: 360,000 3. Confederate losses: 260,000***ALMOST AS MUCH AS ALL U.S. WAR LOSSES COMBINED (WWI + WWII + Korea + Vietnam, etc.)

D. Warfare Changes 1. Technology: rifle, minie ball, grenade, land mine, submarine 2. Strategy: trench warfare

E. Life Changes 1. January, 1865: 13th Amendment-Abolished slavery everywhere

Fords Theater (April 14, 1865)

F. Lincolns Assassination1. April, 1865- 5 days after Appomattox2. Fords Theatre

The AssassinJohn Wilkes Booth

3. John Wilkes Booth4. 7 million turned out to mourn him as his body went past on a train5. 1st President to be assassinated

Whatever happened toMcClellan: traveled to Europe; became governor of NJ in 1878Sherman: moved West and fought IndiansJeff Davis: captured in GA following the war, jailed for 2 years in a basement. Lived off charity and wrote his memoirsRobert E. Lee: lost Arlington, became President of Washington and Lee College; never regained his citizenship