the civil war 2008
TRANSCRIPT
THE CIVIL WAR (1861-1865)
AP US HISTORY
Can you name the •11 states that made up the Confederate States of America?
•5 border states?
The President
Lincoln in 1860
“If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that.”
1865
Were white southerners justified in fearing that Lincoln?
Union ConfederacyAdvantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages
• Lack of Cause
• Military Leadership
• Knowledge of Land
• Supplying Troops
• Few North/South Railroads
• Strategic Position
• Strong Military Preparation
• Strong Military Leadership
• Strong Morale
• Less Industry
• Less Technology
• Fewer Economic Resources
• Smaller Population
• Weak Political Leadership
• Weak Navy
•Larger Population
•More Economic Resources
•Stronger Political Leadership
•World Recognition
•Strong Navy
Anaconda Plan• Blockade the South
• Control the Mississippi
• Capture Richmond
Copperheads or Peace Democrats
The Economics of the War
North
• Demand for war materials
• European demand for agricultural goods
• Taxation & Loans
South
• Inflation
• Northern blockade - no tariff income
• Problem - decentralized gov’t
Washington, D.C., vicinity. 15-in. gun and mounting
Civil Liberties
• Lincoln’s Actions– Southern
sympathizers arrested in border states
– Habeas Corpus suspended
– Martial law established
Washington DC
Ex Parte Merryman (1861)• Could the President suspend the right
of habeas corpus?– John Merryman- arrested as a Southern
sympathizer (denied habeas corpus rights )– Decision: the President could not suspend
habeas corpus (power of Congress)– Lincoln continued to arrest Southern
sympathizers. Congress suspended Habeas Corpus in 1863
Ex Parte Milligan (1866)
• Could a military tribunal sentence a civilian to death?– Milligan was accused of conspiracy against US– Found guilty by military tribunal; sentenced to
hang.– Supreme Court: Military tribunals could not
try civilians in places where civilian courts were open even during war.
Early Military Events
• Bull Run (VA) – CSA victory!
• Antietam (VA) – Stalemate– But Lincoln claims victory
• Emancipation Proclamation
– McClellan had a copy of Lee’s battle plans!– Lee able to withdraw– McClellan fired
Civil War Casualties
UNITED STATES• Battle Deaths
110,070• Disease etc 250,152• Total 360,222
CONFEDERATE STATES• Battle Deaths
94,000• Disease etc 165,000• Total 258,000
5 costliest battles of the Civil War
Battle of Gettysburg (1863) casualties = 51,112Battle of Chickamauga (1863) casualties = 34,624Battle of Chancellorsville (1863) casualties = 30,099Battle of Spotsylvania (1864) casualties = 27,399Battle of Antietam (1862) casualties = 26,134
Modern Weaponry
Clara BartonAmerican Red Cross
Dorothea DixSuperintendent of Army Nurses
Fredericksburg, Va. Nurses and officers of the U.S. Sanitary Commission
Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
• Freed slaves only in areas of rebellion
Turning Point• Gettysburg, PA – US victory
– Turning point– Lee tries to bring the war home to the North– 3 day battle– Pickett’s Charge repulsed– Lee forced to retreat
Gettysburg AddressFour score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. ………
New York City Draft Riots (1863)
Military Conclusion
• South won’t surrender
• Becomes war of attrition
• Sherman’s March to the Sea– Total War– Atlanta to Savannah to Columbia SC
Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman to the Mayor and Councilmen of Atlanta
Gentleman: I have your letter…in the nature of a petition to revoke my orders removing all the inhabitants from Atlanta. I have read it carefully, and give full credit to your statements of distress ….and yet shall not revoke my orders, because they were not designed to meet the humanities of the cause, but to prepare for the future struggles in which millions of good people outside of Atlanta have a deep interest. We must have peace, not only at Atlanta, but in all America. To secure this, we must stop the war that now desolates our once happy and favored country. To stop war, we must defeat the rebel armies which are arrayed against the laws and Constitution that all must respect and obey. To defeat those armies, we must prepare the way to reach them in their recesses, provided with the arms and instruments which enable us to accomplish our purpose.….
You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it; and those who brought war into our country deserve all the curses and maledictions a people can pour out. I know I had no hand in making this war, and I know I will make more sacrifices to-day than any of you to secure peace. But you cannot have peace and a division of our country. If the United States submits to a division now, it will not stop, but will go on until we reap the fate of Mexico, which is eternal war.
Atlanta: Before & After Sherman
Atlanta, Ga. The shell-damaged Potter house
Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, VA
Images of the Civil War
Photography of Matthew Brady
Cold Harbor, Va. African Americans collecting bones of soldiers killed in the battle
A harvest of death, Gettysburg, July, 1863
Spotsylvania Court House, Va., vicinity. Body of a Confederate soldier near Mrs. Alsop's house
Andersonville, Georgia, became notorious POW camp In operation from February 1864 to April 186513,700 men died within thirteen months
The Civil War cost approx $6.7 billion $6,700,000,000• could have purchased all the slaves at 1860 prices• given each slave family 40 acres & a mule • And still had $3.5 billion left over.
1870: 25% of the Mississippi budget was spent on artificial limbs
The state flag of Mississippi
December 19, 2010 The Charleston Secession Gala
(150 year anniversary)
At the dance…… and outside