The Civil War1861 - 1865

Causes of the Civil War

The tariff on imported goods from Europe helped the North’s economy but hurt the South .

States’ Rights (nullification)

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Causes of the Civil War

Slavery

Northerners objected it philosophically (the idea of slavery).

Southerners claimed slavery was an economic necessity. (cotton fields)

The Election of 1860 – Lincoln was elected without any Southern electoral votes.1

Abraham Lincoln

16th President

1861 - 1865

Republican

Illinois

Assassinated

Feb. 1860 2

December 20, 1860

South Carolina repeals the

Constitution and declares the Union

to be dissolved.

Secession

The act of withdrawing (seceding) from a country.

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The United States of America

“The Union”“The North”

“The Federals”4

Union Flags and Uniforms

The Confederate States of America

“The Confederacy”“The South”“The Rebels”

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Confederate Flags and Uniforms

Fort Sumter

Federal fortress in South Carolina.

April 12, 1861- first shots of the Civil War were fired when Confederates attacked.

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View of Fort

Sumter from the

sea

Interior view of

Fort Sumter

Stacks of ammunition at

Fort Sumter

April 12, 1861 First shots fired at Fort Sumter

Northern Advantages

More railroads

More factories

Greater population

More large cities7

Southern Advantages

Fighting on home soil.

No need to invade the North.

The best generals – trained at military schools in the

South.8

Important Leaders During the Civil War

Jefferson Davis

President of the

Confederacy

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Jefferson Davis

General Robert E.

Lee

Commander in Chief of all

Confederate forces

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"If the Union is dissolved and the government disrupted, I shall return to my native State and share the miseries of my people; and save in defense will draw my sword on none."

Robert E. Lee 1861

General Ben McCulloch

Texas Infantry

General Ulysses S. Grant

North

General Ulysses S. Grant

North

General Ambrose Burnside

North

GeneralGeorge

McClellan

North

General William T. Sherman

North

Key Battles of the Civil War

Antietam A creek near Sharpsburg Maryland Sept 17, 1862 Battle lasted from dawn to dusk 23,000 casualties No decisive victory for either side Lee escapes back into Virginia Lincoln relieves McClellan of his command War continues for 2 more years

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Antietam

The Bridge over Antietam Creek

The Dead of Antietam

The Dead of Antietam

The Dead of Antietam

The Dead of Antietam

Lincoln & McClellan at

Antietam

Antietam National Battlefield today

Battle of Gettysburg

July 1863

3 day battle in Pennsylvania

28,000 Confederate casualties

Ended Southern hopes of winning the war 12

Gettysburg

Devil’s Den - Gettysburg

Confederate Dead

Culp’s Hill - Gettysburg

Gunshot damage

Gettysburg Address

Speech delivered by Lincoln Ceremony to dedicate the battlefield

as a cemetery for the Union dead Lasted only 2 minutes

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Lincoln at the dedication of

the Gettysburg Cemetery

Nov. 1863

2nd draft of Lincoln’s

Gettysburg Address

Gettysburg Address

“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. . . .

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Gettysburg Address

. . . we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

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Appomattox Court House

Village in Virginia General Lee surrendered

to General Grant Ends the war April 9, 1865

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Lee Surrenders to Grant - 1867 painting

Farmhouse where surrender takes place

President Lincoln

April 10, 1865

4 days before he was

assassinated

April 14, 1865Lincoln shot at the

Ford Theater

Flag flown at half staff over the Capitol

Lincoln’s funeral procession down

Pennsylvania Ave. in Washington D.C.

Lincoln’s funeral procession through Columbus, Ohio on

the way home to Illinois

Lincoln’s funeral procession

Lincoln’s body lies in state for viewing

by mourners

Five tragic years on the face of the President.

That’s all folks.