The Civil Rights Movementchapter 26

Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement

• Separate but Unequal– North• No official segregation (could vote, had legal access to

jobs and college• African Americans and whites rarely mixed• Still face prejudice in jobs and housing

Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement

• Separate but Unequal– South• Segregation was the way of life and supported by law• Separate schools and hospitals, and separation on

public transportation, theaters, and restaurants

Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement

• Barriers Begin to Crumble– Jackie Robinson breaks the color barrier in

professional sports

Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement

• NAACP

Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement

• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka– Moment had come to overthrow “separate but

equal”– Segregation made equal education impossible– May 17, 1954 the supreme court ruled that

separate but equal has no place in public education

Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement

• Little Rock– Nine African American students went to attend

Central High School– Arkansas governor Orval Faubus vowed not to

allow “mixing of races”– National Guard was called to keep students out of

school

Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement

• President Eisenhower sent federal troops to enforce Supreme Court’s ruling

• Students finally entered Central High

Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement

• Montgomery Bus Boycott– December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up

her seat to a white rider and was arrested

Beginnings of the Civil Rights Movement

• African Americans in Montgomery decided to boycott taking buses (70 percent of bus riders were African Americans)

• Martin Luther King Jr. led the boycott– Boycott continued until segregation laws were

taken off– Lasted 381 days (November 1956)

JFK

• Kennedy tried to fight poverty, disease, discrimination

• Promised a man would be on the moon by the end of the 1960s

• Most of his goals were not met – November 22, 1963 Kennedy was assassinated in

Dallas Texas

Johnson’s Great Society

• Johnson wanted to make his mark with economic and social reforms– Program known as the Great Society• Wage war on Poverty• Create programs to attack illiteracy, unemployment,

and education– Head Start, food stamps, Welfare, Medicare and Medicaid

Civil Rights Movement Continues

• Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.– Belief of Civil Disobedience

Civil Rights Movement Continues

• Nonviolent protests– Sit-in– Freedom Rides

• Protests in Birmingham– African Americans marched to protest

discrimination– Police used dogs, fire hoses, and electric cattle

prods against the marchers

March on Washington

• After the events in Birmingham President Kennedy wanted to pass a civil rights bill

• Civil rights leaders proposed a march on the nation’s capital– August 28, 1963, 250,000 peacefully assembled

citizens marched to support civil rights

Civil Rights Legislation

• Civil Rights Act of 1964– Banned discrimination in public facilities– Outlawed discrimination in employment– Protected voting rights

Literacy Test1. Which of the following is a right guaranteed by the Bill of

Rights?_____Public Education_____Employment_____Trial by Jury_____Voting

2. The federal census of population is taken every five years._____True _____False

3. If a person is indicted for a crime, name two rights which he has. ______________________ ________________________

Literacy Test

4. A person appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court is appointed for a term of __________.

5. When the Constitution was approved by the original colonies, how many states had to ratify it in order for it to be in effect? _________________________________________

Literacy Test

• 6. Cases tried before a court of law are two types, civil and

____________________________________

7. Of the original 13 states, the one with the largest representation in the first Congress was ______________________________________________________________________.

Literacy Test

8. The Constitution limits the size of the District of Columbia to ______________________________________________________________________.

Civil Rights Legislation

• Voting Rights Act of 1965– Banned literacy tests and other barriers to African

American Voting.

Movement Splinters

• Malcolm X

• Black people are the original people of the world

• What people are devils• Blacks are superior to whites and the demise

of the white race is imminent

Movement Splinters

• Stokely Carmichael

Movement Splinters

• Protests Turn Violent– Civil rights focused mainly on segregation in the

south– Millions of African Americans were crowded into

run down neighborhoods in Northern Cities– Los Angeles 1965 a riot started killing and injuring

more than 1,000 people

Movement Splinters

• April 4, 1968– Martin Luther King Jr. was Assassinated by a white

segregationist.– Riots broke out in cities across the nation

Civil Rights Era

• Civil rights movement achieved many important and lasting results

• It did not end all inequality– For the first time African American mayors took office

in large cities (Atlanta, Cleveland, Detroit, Los Angeles, and Newark)

– 1966, Edward Brooke became the first African American senator since Reconstruction

– 1967, Thurgood Marshall is the first African American on the Supreme Court