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The Civil War
History Notes 5-2
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The Civil War
• Dred Scott Decision
–U.S. Supreme Court ruled blacks are not citizens and have no legal rights
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The Civil War
• Abraham Lincoln elected President in Nov. 1860
(ZINN 188-189)
• 11 southern states seceded from the Union
• (TX, AL, MS, FL, GA, SC, NC, TN, VA, AR, LA)
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Video – How the States Got Their Shapes
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Confederate States of America
• Goals:
• 1) Gain freedom from the U.S.A.
• 2) Protect institution of slavery
• Jefferson Davis – President of the Confederacy
• Robert E. Lee – Military General
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The Union – North
• Goals:
• 1) Reunite the U.S.A.
• 2) Block Southern Seaports
• 3) End slavery
• Ulysses S. Grant – Military General
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The Civil War, 1861-1865
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Border States
• Border states (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware) sided with Union
• In Maryland
– Lincoln declared martial law
– arrested pro-Confederates
– sent the army to maintain Union control
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Advantages
North South
• population
• factories
• railroads
• food
• coal
• military leaders
• cotton
• *slaves
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Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln’s declaration freeing slaves in Confederate States (ZINN 191-192)
• Lincoln would not free slaves in border states loyal to the Union
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Black Soldiers
• At start Blacks not allowed to serve in Union or Confederate Army
(Zinn 194-195)
• 1/10 Union soldiers was black, 50% came from the South
• Paid less than whites until 1864
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Massachusetts 54th Regiment
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The Civil War
• Confederates lack of resources and soldiers would eventually lead to their loss in war
(Zinn 195)