the chicken of the future: options from breeding and research
TRANSCRIPT
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Photo credit: ILRI - Camille Hanotte
The chicken of the futureOptions from breeding and research
Olivier Hanotte, ILRI
1st National Colloquium on Poultry Breeding and Genetics, Abuja, 25 November 2016
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Huge increases over the 2005/7 amountsof cereals, dairy and meat will be needed by 2050
From 2bn to 3bntonnes cereals each year
From 664m to 1bntonnes dairy each year
From 258m to 460m tonnes meat each year
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Poultry production is expected to account for 44% of the 49.1 M Tons increase in global meat production by 2025 and 73% of this increase in production is expected to occur in developing
countries (OCDE – FAO 2016)*
*OECD/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2015), OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2015, OECD Publishing, Paris.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr_outlook-2015-en
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The chicken of the future ……
• Dual purpose birds (egg, meat)
• Better in water and feed conversion efficiency
• Adapted to a diversity of production environments
• Improved immune competency
• A diversity of options (producer and consumers preferences and needs)
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• Kuroiler• Koekoek• Sasso• Shika Brown• FUNNAB
Alpha• Fulani + XX
ecotypes in the sites
• Kuroiler• Koekoek• Sasso• Fayoumi• Horro + XX
ecotypes in the sites
• Kuroiler• Koekoek• Sasso• Fayoumi• Australorp• Horasi + XX
ecotypes in the sites
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The breeding options……• Local within breeds improvement of the best
ACGG strains
• Crossbreeding with the local/indigenous ones
• Off the shelves options…..
– “Sasso” approach ……..
– CCP and PCCC approach……
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Koen Vanmechelen
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The most diverse chicken population in the world……
http://www.ccrp.be/
CCP
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PCC
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The research support (ILRI – Poultry program)
• Understanding of poultry genetic diversity at genomes level
• Understanding of poultry adaptive traits in relation to the environment
• Understanding of the host – microbiome interactions
• Ex – situ conservation and genome editing
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Andrew Lawler, 2012
Geographical distribution of the wild junglefowls
(G. sonneratii) (G. lafayetii)
(G. varius)
(G. gallus)
Domestication
areas (Liu, 2006)
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East African coast, Madagascar
South Asia (Pakistan.....)
Hainan
Myanmar, Yunnan P.
Yunnan P., Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, Africa, Europe
Indonesia
South-EAstand EastAsia
China, MSEA, Japan, Korea
Domestic chicken mtDNA D-loop diversity
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Junglefowl sp introgression in domestic chickenInsight from whole genome sequences
Green Ceylon Grey Red Domestic
R . Lawal UoN PhD thesis ongoing…
Candidate regions for autosomal introgression in domestic chicken
grey (n = 41), Ceylon (n = 12) , green (n = 7 )….ILRI – UoN collaboration
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Shaping of diversitygenetic drift – natural selection…..
700 K SNPs chip (Desta PhD thesis)
Potential distributions for Horro and Jarso chicken following agro-ecological parameters
ILRI - Wageningen University
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Sampling sites Altitudinal zones
Blood, liver, caecum content
Sept 2016
n = 227, 14 districts23 kebeles
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Photo credit: Judith Bettdridge
Thanks you