the chemistry-aerosol mediterranean...

ChChChantier

ChArMExChArMEx Méditerranéeéd te a ée

The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment

Observational strategygyand

A first estimate of associated needs

Chantier Méditerranée – Aix-En-Provence – 4 Nov. 2008 1/21

Contact: [email protected]

ChArMEx is the atmospheric chemistry component of the programme: it deals with short-lived tropospheric species and their impacts on the regional climate, air quality and (marine) ecosystems

ChA MEChArMEx


ChArMEx work packages overview

COORDINATION

7 SCIENCE WPs: 7 IMPLEMENTATION WPs:

● COORDINATION

7 SCIENCE WPs:● SOURCES

7 IMPLEMENTATION WPs:● OBSERVATORY

● AGING● TRANSPORT

● MONITORING● AIRCRAFT

● RADIATION● DEPOSITION

● BALLOONS● CAMPAIGNS● DEPOSITION

● TRENDSFUTURE

● CAMPAIGNS● MODELLING

DATA BASE● FUTURE ● DATA BASE


ChArMEx overall strategyAMMA-type: multi-scale integrated strategy● 3 levels of in situ field observation:

• SOP: Special Observation Periods (~6 weeks, 2 successive yr)– detailed process studies at the regional scale– lagrangian and column type observations– intensive campaigns, extensive measurements, airborne means– support from real-time satellite products and model forecastssupport from real time satellite products and model forecasts

• EOP: Enhanced Observation Period (2-3 yr)– daily to seasonal variability– statistical approach by continuous monitoring incl. detailed chem.– normalized meas., stations distributed to account for N-S and E-W

gradients• LOP: Long-term Observation Period (5-10+ yr)

– trendsf t k d b k d b t i– a few networked background observatories

– basic chemical and radiative parameters

● Spaceborne remote sensing ● Data base


● Spaceborne remote sensing● Chemistry-transport and chemistry-climate modelling

● Data base

A French observational effort A French observational effort focused on the western basin


A focus of SOPs on the summer seasonf fGOME JJA2000 tropospheric O3 column (DU)

(courtesy of B. Sauvage et al.) Clear sky yfavorable to remote sensing

Summer max.:+ ~50%

remote sensing

f SDaily surface concentrations in particulate Si at a backgound coastal site in Corsica

(Bergametti et al., Kluwer, 1989)

Summer max.:+ 1 order of magnitude


A new network of Mediterranean background observatoriesbackground observatoriesSummer (JJA) 2007 aerosol optical depth at 865 nm from PARASOL

(courtesy of D. Tanré, J.-L. Deuzé and F. Ducos)

New: CorsicaNew:Balearic Islands

??

New: CorsicaMarine Nationale Semaphore Marine Nationale Semaphore at Ersa, Cap Corseat Ersa, Cap Corse

??

Lampedusap

Finokalia

Aerosol effective radius frequency

Finokalia+ existing background observatories (e.g. PAES, IAGOS…)

r < 0.70 µm 1.10 < r < 1.75 µm


Le sémaphore d’Ersa

Emplacement disponible pour un conteneur instrumenté


Le site a été testé cet été…Photomètre AERONET/PHOTON (LOA/LA) Caisson mobile instrumenté (Qualitair Corse)

• épaisseur optique en aérosol (atténuation du rayonnement par les particules dans l’atmosphère)

• concentration en O3du rayonnement par les particules dans l atmosphère)

• taille de l’aérosol : fin (pollution/feux de biomasse) ou grossier (poussières minérales)

• masse totale en aérosol (PM2.5)

• période : juin 08 → sept. 08

• capacité d’absorption/diffusion des particules → indicateur du « type » d’aérosols


• période : juin 08 → maintenant…

… on y voit bien les épisodes de transport à grande échelle

0,8

AOD moyenne ≈ 0 21 é i d 1

Teneur en aérosol intégrée verticalement – AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth at 440 nm)

0,7

AOD moyenne ≈ 0.21 épisode 1: poussières sahariennes

épisode 1: pollution européenne

0 5

0,6européenne

0,4

0,5

D (4

40 n

m)

0,3

AO

D

0 1

0,2

0

0,1

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8


09/06

/2008

16/06

/2008

23/06

/2008

30/06

/2008

07/07

/2008

14/07

/2008

21/07

/2008

28/07

/2008

04/08

/2008

11/08

/2008

18/08

/2008

25/08

/2008

01/09

/2008

08/09

/2008

15/09

/2008

22/09

/2008

29/09

/2008

06/10

/2008

13/10

/2008

(data available at http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov)

Possible stations for the standardized Possible stations for the standardized d iti t kd iti t kdeposition networkdeposition network

(or secondary stations for additional parameters)(or secondary stations for additional parameters)(or secondary stat ons for add t onal parameters)(or secondary stat ons for add t onal parameters)

Master sites Master sites for Hg Core deposition

Cap-Ferrat*

* Porquerolles Isl *La Seyne-Sur-Mer*

Basic deposition network

Monaco?

*MOOSE network deposition parameters:t t l d t tCap Bear* Porquerolles Isl.

Frioul Isl.* Cap CorseBonifacio

Western Italy?

total dust, soot, P, Fe, HgN d d

Balearic

Eastern Spain?

Carloforte?

Lecce?

T i?

Rende

Needed: consolidation

d/ fBalearic Islands ?

Carloforte?

Alger

Trapani?

TunisGh ?

and/or new of AERONET sites

LampedusaOranTanger

Nador

Alger Ghozo? sitesExpected: rain

d tChantier Méditerranée – Aix-En-Provence – 4 Nov. 2008 11/21

Medenine radar western Corsica

Aircraft operations (1/2)F h F l 20 i ftFrench Falcon-20 aircraft● MOZART-SAFIRE instrument for O3 & CO● AMOVOC for VOCs (LISA)

SAFIRE

( )● MOZAIC water vapour probe (FZJ-Julich, Germany)● Micro aerosol backscatter lidar● ALTO ozone lidar● ALTO ozone lidar● Dropsonding system● Passive tracer releasing and sampling system from DLR (to be checked)● Aerosol passive remote sensor from LOA (OSIRIS)● Aerosol passive remote sensor from LOA (OSIRIS)● Possibly SPIRIT spectrometer from LPCE for H2O, O3, CO2, CO, CH4, N2O and

NO2 or HCHO and HNO3

French ATR42 aircraft● MOZART-SAFIRE for O3 and CO

SAFIRE

● MONA for NOx/NOy● PTRMS and AMOVOC for VOCs● LNG aerosol lidar● Airborne sun photometer PLASMA (LOA)● Aerosol kinetic inlet with aerosol payload (LISA or LAMP-CNRM) and AMS (MPI

or LACE-Villeurbanne)


)● Aerosol filter sampling (LISA, LGGE)

Aircraft operations (2/2)LSCE Ultralight● Aerosol lidar measurements (355 nm)( )● In situ scatterometer (870 nm)● In situ meteorological measurements● Broadband radiative fluxes● Broadband radiative fluxes

FZK Ultralight (W. Junkermann)I it t l i l t

AMMA SOP-0, Niamey airport

● In situ meteorological measurements● In situ gas measurements: O3, CH2O, CO2● In situ aerosol size distribution and optical propertiesIn situ aerosol size distribution and optical properties● Upwelling and downwelling actinic fluxes from 290 to 700 nm● Spectral albedo from 320 to 1000 nm (5 channels)

Sh t di ti b l● Shortwave radiation balance● Eventually infrared radiation (pyrgeometer)

FZK K l h D i (U C i ) ?FZK-Karlsruhe Dornier (U. Corsmeier) ?● Dynamical and gas measurements


DLR Falcon-20 ??

Possible aircraft basesF20 range ATR-42 range

Detailed strategy to be discussed


Detailed strategy to be discussed

Drifting balloonsgCNESCNES

T, HR, V

SSTPressurized balloons (BP)

(up to <3 km)Aeroclipper

Surface fluxes GPS, P, T, U

Aerosol optical counter/sizerBrodband ↑ and ↓ shortwave

SGPS,SST

T U q at ~10 m (h to be known)


Brodband ↑ and ↓ shortwave and longwave fuxes

T, U, q at ~10 m (h to be known)aerosol counter and radiation ?

Balloon strategySpaceborne lidar CALIOP, 26 June 2006, night time

African dust

Eastern Europe

MABL

Eastern Europe

(CALIOP data from NASA)

+ radiosounding O3 (and aerosol?) balloons from Ajaccio radiosounding O3 (and aerosol?) balloons from Ajaccio● 1 per week during EOP, 2 per day during SOPs

+ UTLS transmed (Sicil Spain) stratospheric balloonChantier Méditerranée – Aix-En-Provence – 4 Nov. 2008 16/21

+ UTLS transmed (Sicily-Spain) stratospheric balloon:● 1 per SOP, SPIRALE (O3, CO, CH4, CH2O, OCS, N2O, NO2, HNO3, HCl)

ChArMEx operation schedule

2010 2011 2012 2013 20142010 2011 2012 2013 2014

LOP on going

I I I I

LOP, on going

EOP, spring 2010-autumn 2012 (3 summers)

SOP-C1summer 2011

SOP-C2summer 2011

? SOP ?2nd phase

eastern Med.

Joint EOP with HyMeX MERMEX (and SICMED?)

eastern Med.

Joint EOP with HyMeX, MERMEX (and SICMED?)ChArMEX SOPs alternated with other SOPs


Estimated budget for Corsica gobservatory equipment

I t t f ChA ME LOP d l t t t C i b t k€Instruments for ChArMEx LOP and long-term measurment at Corsica observatory k€Ozone analyzer (absorption UV) 20

CO analyzer (IR absorption, cross-flow modulation) 10

Atmospheric gasesAnalyseur NO (chemiluminescence) 40

Photolytic NO2 -> NO converter (to measure NOx) 5

C t l ti NO NO t (h t d ld) 25Catalytic NOy -> NO converter (heated gold) 25

SO2 analyzer 12

Aerosol Lidar 80

Aerosols TEOM-FDMS aerosol balance with PM10Filter sampling in PM1 (2 samplers) & PM10 (2 samplers)Optical particle counter/sizer (GRIMM)

456013

Gaseous + particulate Hg20

Radon-222 Radon counter (active deposition method) 20

Instruments for ChArMEx EOP

Aerosols Nephelometer (3 wavelengths) 30


Aerosols Nephelometer (3 wavelengths) 30

Total cost 380

Estimated needs for balloonsEstimated needs for balloonsLow altitude balloon campaigns● Support to scientific institutes● Support to scientific institutes

2010: 22 k€ 2011: 14 k€ 2012: 14 k€● CNES Balloon Division● CNES Balloon Division

Test campaign 2010: 195 k€Sci. campaign 2011: 750 k€Sci. campaign 2012: 750 k€

Balloon soundings● 2010 (EOP): 35 k€ (90 k€ with aerosol sensor)

2011 (EOP+SOP) 100 k€ (200 k€)● 2011 (EOP+SOP): 100 k€ (200 k€)● 2012 (EOP+SOP): 100 k€ (200 k€)

Stratospheric balloons● Support to scientific institutes: 2011: 70 k€ 2012: 70 k€


● Support to scientific institutes: 2011: 70 k€ 2012: 70 k€● CNES Balloon Division: 2011: 748 k€ 2012: 624 k€

Estimated needs: ~1.5 M€/yr( l i t d b ll )(excl. equipement and balloons)

French aircraft (ATR-42, F-20, ULA)( , , )● 2010: 10 k€ (recce)

+ implementation of a tracer release system implementation of a tracer release system● 2011: 425 k€ + tracer release● 2012: 425 k€ + tracer release● 2012: 425 k€ + tracer release

Deposition actionEOP (2010 2012) 65 k€/ r 3 r● EOP (2010-2012): 65 k€/yr x 3 yr

● SOP equipment (2011): 67 k€SSources and emission inventories● 2010: 425 k€ 2011: 425 k€ 2012: 250 k€

Chemical analyses (EOP/SOP)● ~40 k€/yr ?


● 40 k€/yr ?To be completed…

Preparation phase request (2009)INSU● LEFE/CHAT proposal (113 participants, 34 institutes, 200 pers. x month)

Equipement inventorié Fonctionnement Missions Total 2009

AMMA SOP-0 Niamey airport

LEFE/CHAT proposal (113 participants, 34 institutes, 200 pers. x month)

89.4 k€ 95.1 k€ 95.6 k€ 280.1 k€AMMA SOP-0, Niamey airport

CDD P t d D t t T t l 2009CDD Post-doc Doctorant Total 2009

2 IE2*2 x 6 mois

16 mois

14 mois

4 positions22 mois2 x 6 mois

53.0 k€6 mois23.4 k€

4 mois10.9 k€

22 mois87.3 k€

1. Ingénieur Forçage Forçage radiatif,instrumentation: observatoire corse2. Chef de projet

radiatif aérosols, télédétection

modélisation régionale

2. Chef de projet télédétection

+1 bourse CNESCNES + ANR ?


+1 bourse CNES-région MIP: ballons● Drifting balloons: 18.9 k€

Cumulative residence time close to the surface (log colorscale in s) of a large ensemble of back-trajectories ending at Cap Corse (one trajectory every 3 hours in June-July-August 2005, computed with the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART). It provides an estimation of the potential relative influence of each source point on in situ measurements made at Cap Corse. Grey iso-

l d 12 h h l i f i l l i C C


contours plotted every 12 h represent the mean travel time from a given local point to Cap Corse.(courtesy of François Gheusi, LA-Toulouse and Stephan Henne, EMPA-Switzerland)

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