The Changing World of Safetyon College Campuses

47th Annual Association of Kansas Community College Occupational Professionals Conference

March 27, 2014Ben Smith and Jason Kegler

Roadmap

• Importance of Safety• Active Shooter Events (ASE’s)• Gun Legislation• Things you can do• Conclusion

• Absolute or State of mind• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need• Government Regulations• Recent Events–Changes in KS statutes–Mass shootings

Importance of safety

• Do you know of threats or violence during the past year where you work?

• Have you been personally threatened during work hours?

• Are there specific places on your campuses that you feel unsafe?

What are your perceptions?

Perception vs. Reality

• Perception is school shootings happen often• Reality is the CDC puts your chances of

being shot at school at less than one in a million chance

• From strictly a risk management perspective, “storm shelters before flack jackets”

• According to Texas State University and NYPD studies, the number of ASE’s is increasing annually

Perception vs. Reality

Texas State University Study Results

Frequency of ASE’s

Source: “United States Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010: Training and Equipment Implications”, Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training, Texas State University, March, 2013

Attack Locations of ASE’s

Source: “United States Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010: Training and Equipment Implications”, Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training, Texas State University, March, 2013

Number of people shot

Source: “United States Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010: Training and Equipment Implications”, Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training, Texas State University, March, 2013

Most powerful weapon used

Source: “United States Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010: Training and Equipment Implications”, Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training, Texas State University, March, 2013

Resolution of ASE’s in US (2000-2010)

Source: “United States Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010: Training and Equipment Implications”, Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training, Texas State University, March, 2013

New York Police Department Study Results

NYPD Study of 2012 ASE’s

Source: “Active Shooter: Recommendations and Analysis for Risk Mitigation 2012 Edition”, Counterterrorism Bureau of the New York City Police Department (NYPD), NYPD Printing Section, 2013

2012 = 3 times the average of the previous 5 years!

Age of Attackers – NYPD Study

Source: “Active Shooter: Recommendations and Analysis for Risk Mitigation 2012 Edition”, Counterterrorism Bureau of the New York City Police Department (NYPD), NYPD Printing Section, 2013

–Bimodal–School shooting peak ages 15-19–Non-school peak ages 35-44

Other Characteristics – NYPD Study

Source: “Active Shooter: Recommendations and Analysis for Risk Mitigation 2012 Edition”, Counterterrorism Bureau of the New York City Police Department (NYPD), NYPD Printing Section, 2013

–96% male–98% alone–74% planned; 26% random

Who is this?

Cho Seung Hui-April 17, 2007

• Killed 32 people and wounded 17 at Virginia Tech• Shooting Spree began at 7:15am ending with him taking

his own life around 9:45am.• Approximately 72 separate incidents occurred prior

to April 17.• Incidents included personal threats, inappropriate

behavior, and awkward discussions• In 2005, Cho was found “mentally ill and in need of

hospitalization”.• Weapons were legally purchased

Who is this?

James Holmes-July 20, 2012

• Killed 12 and wounded 58 in movie theater in Aurora, CO

• Had been enrolled as a Ph.D. Student in Neuroscience at the University of Colorado

• Psychiatrists believed he had a mental illness and could be dangerous

• Had a history of making homicidal statements• Close acquaintances feared he was violent• Weapons were legally purchased

What does a mass shooter look like??

What does a mass shooter look like?

• We can make assumptions:–Sex, Race, Age, Economic Background

• The FACTS indicate:–There is NO standard profile–Suspects exhibit behavioral concerns–Some major life-changing trigger event

occurs

Behavioral concerns?

• Increased absenteeism• Increased use of alcohol or drugs• Increased depression or withdrawal• Increased mood swings

Behavioral concerns?

• Suicidal comments or comments regarding hurting oneself

• Changes in hygiene or appearance• Cold or uncaring affect – lack of any

emotion

Other types of workplace violence

• According to the Bureau of Justice statistics,

– You are eighteen times (18X) more likely to experience workplace violence than a fire

– Every hour in the workplace, twenty-six women will be raped or sexually assaulted

– Every day, two people are murdered in the workplace

Can we stop these types of events?

Can we stop these types of events?

NO, more than likely, not.

Average ASE event over in 3-8 minutes.Average police response time 3-8 minutes.

Who are the first responders to these types of events?

We are.

Standard Police Response

• Find Threat, Neutralize Threat• No first aid• No hand holding or comforting• No room clearing until threat is

neutralized

NCCC held an active shooter scenario training exercise in January, 2014.

• Shooter walked at a normal pace through four buildings in less than six minutes and prior to law enforcement’s arrival on campus

• Killed 13, wounded 27

• Have any of your colleges held active shooter training exercises?

• What did you learn from your exercise?

• We learned communication is almost always the biggest issue

• Letting employees and students know clear, concise information in a timely manner

• Communicating between college personnel, between college personnel and responding agencies, and between the responding agencies

• We needed more training!

Outside Influences

–Kansas Statutes

KS 2013 Legislation

–Kansas Personal and Family Protection Act–Allows for conceal carry on college

campuses unless “adequate security measures” are deployed–Colleges may apply for exemption

while they develop security plan

What can we do in the event of an active shooter?

–Safety best practices•Don’t scream and point•Engage only if you have important information•Drop everything, hands up, fingers spread

In the event of an active shooter, FEMA recommends:

–Run–Hide–Fight

Source: “IS-907: Active Shooter; What You Can Do”, FEMA Emergency Management Institute, October 31, 2013

What can we do in to address safety concerns in general (fire, severe weather, sexual assault or harassment)?

–Safety best practices

As employees we should:

–Train regularly on emergency procedures and college policies–Stay alert–Remain informed–Foster a culture of reporting • “See something – Say something”

As individuals we should:

–Train regularly on emergency procedures–Park under or near lights–Walk with your head up and display

confidence–Check surroundings as you walk

As individuals we should:

–Train regularly on emergency procedures–Know where exits are located wherever you

are – identify evacuation routes–Sit near exits in classrooms and meeting

rooms–Utilize the buddy system whenever possible–Know where emergency equipment such as

AED’s are located

Conclusion:

–Train regularly on emergency procedures and college policies–Use the tools at your disposal

Tools at your disposal

• Your wits and intellect – YOU are your own greatest asset!

• Your college’s emergency action plan• Your college’s chief safety officer• FEMA Active Shooter Training – see

training course and video below: http://www.training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is907.asp

Questions or Comments?