the changing landscape of retirement excerpt
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8/2/2019 The Changing Landscape of Retirement Excerpt
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Tfj Lfnm`gm`Inmd|lnrj ac
_jtgjejmtPfnt waz dam‗t hmap lazid fzrt waz-
Enrh \gm`jr LCR®
NTN Rrj||
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Larwg`ft § ?2>>) Enh \gm`j- Nii g`ft| j|jsjd-
Rgmtjd gm tfj Zmgtjd \tntj| ac Nejgln- Ma rnt ac tfg| rzoiglntgam enw oj jradzljd) |tajd gm a
gmtadzljd gmta n jtgjsni |w|tje) a tnm|egttjd) gm nmw cae) a ow nmw ejnm| &jijltamgl) ejlfnmglni)
rfatalarwgm`) jladgm`) a atfjpg|j' pgtfazt tfj rga pgttjm rjeg||gam ac tfj larwg`ft apmj nmd
tfj rzoig|fj ac tfg| oaah-
Rzoig|fjd ow NTN Rj||
G\OM 706%2%76<03?2%2%<
Cg|t rgmtgm`; Kzmj) ?2>>
Nii onmd mnej| nmd radzlt mnej| z|jd gm tfg| oaah nj tndjenh|) j`g|tjjd tndjenh|) a tndj
mnej| ac tfjg j|rjltgsj faidj|- Nii |tntjejmt| lamtngmjd fjjgm nj tfj argmgam ac tfj nztfa nmd
|fazid mat oj lam|gdjjd racj||gamni ndsglj-
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gv
Enh \gm`j fn| ojjm gmsaisjd gm tfj mnmlgni rinmmgm`
oz|gmj|| a asj tpjmtw%sj wjn|) nmd tfz| fn| ao%
|jsjd enmw lfnm`j| gm tfj gmdz|tw- Dzgm` tfg| tgej fj‗|
laiijltjd tfj |tagj| a ligjmt| pfa fnsj pjntfjjd enmw dg%
jjmt oz|gmj|| jmsgamejmt|) ozt fj‗| mjsj |jjm n| ezlf
lamz|gam noazt artgam| n| gm tfg| lzjmt mnmlgni jmsgam%
ejmt — nmd Tj Lfnm`gm` Inmd|lnrj a _jtgjejmt jjlt|
|aej a tfj mjp zij| nmd nrranlfj| dj|g`mjd ta raeatj
eaj jvgogigtw gm jtgjejmt rinmmgm` n| n pfaij-
Fg| g| mat n ’ amj nm|pj t| nii― nrranlf) ozt rasgdj| nm
geratnmt jerfn|g| am hjw| ta mdgm` tfj twrj| a nm|pj|tfnt t jnlf jndj‗| zmg~zj mnmlgni `ani| nmd rj|rjl%
tgsj- N| |zlf gt rj|jmt| n ejtfad) mat n aezin — nmd tfg|
enhj| Tj Lfnm`gm` Inmd|lnrj a _jtgjejmt eaj sj|ntgij
tfnm ea|t jtgjejmt `zgdj|-
Eamjw nmd igj|twij mjjd|) |azlj| a gmlaej |tjne| nmd
tfjg dgjjmt j~zgjejmt|) rzlfn|j| nmd tnsji mjjd|
dzgm` jtgjejmt wjn|) nmd atfj lamljm| nii lamtgoztj
CA_JPA_DDgnmj Damasnm
Jdgta) Egdpj|t Oaah _jsgjp
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ta dgjjmt ’ ojmlfenh|― a jtgjejmt gmlaej `ani|-
Cgmnmlgni djlg|gam| lzjmtiw nj taa ajm on|jd am jn
ntfj tfnm jnigtw — jn a pfnt ndsj|jiw lfnm`gm` en%
hjt| pgii da ta jtgjejmt gmlaej |tjne|-Mat rinmmgm` a gmntgam nmd tnhgm` taa ezlf eamjw
ae n jtgjejmt rataiga nj amiw n jp a tfj g||zj| Enh
\gm`j tnlhij| gm Tj Lfnm`gm` Inmd|lnrj a _jtgjejmt - Ndd
gm tfj nlt tfnt jtgjejmt `ani| lfnm`j asj tfj djlndj| ozt
gmsj|tejmt rataiga| nj ajm mat ndkz|tjd ta jjlt tfj|j
lfnm`j|) nmd waz fnsj n lamzmdze tfnt Tj Lfnm`gm`
Inmd|lnrj a _jtgjejmt nddj||j| — tfj inlh a jvgogigtw
nmd ndkz|tjd artgam| nmd sg|gam gm jtgjejmt aokjltgsj|-
Mjp ij||am| `jnjd ta saintgij) zmljtngm enhjt lamdg%
tgam| nmd lfnm`gm` lam|zej mjjd| raeatj jvgogigtw gm
sg|gam nmd tfgmhgm`) alz|gm` am laadgmntgm` `ani| nmd
zmdj|tnmdgm` rinmmgm` ij||am| hjw ta jtgjejmt |zllj||-
Lfnrtj| dg|lz|| lfnm`gm` |ljmnga| pfglf j~zgj j%
djmgm` aokjltgsj|) tfjw |fap fap ta ljntj n eaj jvgoij
’_jtgjejmt _andenr)― nmd tfjw tjii fap ta laadgmntj rn%
rjpah nmd rinmmgm` ta nlfgjsj n zmgjd wjt easnoij |jt a
aokjltgsj|-
Cae |rjlgni g||zj| paejm nlj ta |jijltgm` n mnmlgni
rinmmj a rinmmgm` e) tfg| tjii| fap ta ljntj n rinm) la%
adgmntj dgjjmt aokjltgsj|) ogm` tfje nii ta`jtfj) nmdtfjm engmtngm n twrj a jvgogigtw tfnt lnm jn|giw ndkz|t ta
oatf lfnm`gm` enhjt| nmd lfnm`gm` jtgjejmt `ani|-
Ndd gm ln|j fg|taw jvnerij| ae Enh \gm`j‗| ligjmtjij
nmd waz fnsj nm azt|tnmdgm`) pjii%oninmljd |zsjw fg`fiw
jlaeejmdjd a oz|gmj|| nmd lam|zej igongj| |jjhgm`
n |zllj||zi |tntj`w sj|ntgij jmaz`f ta nrriw ta n nm`j a
lamljm|-
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Lfnij| Dglhjm| patj) ’Gt pn| tfj oj|t a tgej|) gt pn|
tfj pa|t a tgej|‣― Gm ew ?: wjn| a jvrjgjmlj gm
tfj mnmlgni |jsglj| oz|gmj||) gt |jje| tfnt a intj nii pj‗sj
jniiw ojjm jvrjgjmlgm` nj tfj pa|t a tgej|- Tj |talh
enhjt fn| ojjm nt a n >2%wjn rjgad8 tfj fjndigmj| |jje
ta gmdglntj tfnt pj nj `agm` ta oj gm n lamtgmzjd rjgad a
zmljtngmtw nmd saintgigtw) nmd a enmw) tfg| ejnm| jdjm%
gm` pfnt tfjg gdjni jtgjejmt pn| |zrra|jd ta oj-
Gm ew jljmt gmtjnltgam| pgtf ligjmt|) G fnsj fjnd nmd
|jjm n ijsji a z|tntgam tfnt G fnsj mat |jjm |gmlj G |t
jmtjjd tfg| oz|gmj||- Nmd g ew ligjmt|) pfa nj n| gmaejdn| nmw gmdgsgdzni| tfaz`f az ranltgsj laeezmglntgam|
pgtf tfje) nj z|tntjd) tfjm G lnm amiw n||zej tfnt tfj
en||j| nj z|tntjd n| pjii-
Ca ?: wjn| G fnsj ojjm rzttgm` gmta ew ’oaah― ij enmw
a tfj jvrjgjmlj| nmd |tagj| tfnt G fnsj ojjm pgtmj|| ta n|
rj|gdjmt a n jtgjejmt rinmmgm` e- G mjsj jniiw hmjp
pfjm a g G pazid pgtj tfj oaah- Fapjsj) n| n j|zit a
GMT_ADZLTGAM
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fjngm` asj nmd asj n`ngm tfj fjg`ftjmjd ijsji a z|tn%
tgam a tfa|j pfa nj tnm|gtgamgm` gmta jtgjejmt) a tfa|j
jljmtiw jtgjd) G jit tfnt tfg| pn| n| `aad n tgej n| nmw ta
nddj|| tfj lfnm`gm` inmd|lnrj a jtgjejmt-Ew aokjltgsj a tfg| oaah g| mat ta pgtj n tgejij|| en|tj%
rgjlj ozt ta nddj|| tfj eg|tnhj|) ae oatf nm gmsj|tejmt
nmd n rinmmgm` rj|rjltgsj) tfnt G |jj enmw rjarij enhgm`
gm tfj lzjmt jmsgamejmt- Jniw gm ew lnjj) pfjm n rao%
ije na|j) amj a ew |t oa||j| gm|tzltjd ej ta jmtj fg|
aclj mat amiw pgtf tfj raoije ozt pgtf n |aiztgam n| pjii-
\a G farj tfnt G mat amiw |fnj pgtf waz |aej a tfj g||zj|
nmd lamljm| G‗sj ig|tjmjd ta) nmd eg|tnhj| G‗sj |jjm rjarij
enhgm`) ozt ni|a aj n dgjjmt rj|rjltgsj am fap ta nl%
laerig|f waz jtgjejmt `ani|-
Amj a ew nsagtj jvrj||gam|) nmd G‗e |zj ew |tn pgii
aii tfjg jwj| pfjm tfjw jnd tfg|) g| tfnt G ighj ta tnhj n iaah
nt tfgm`| ae <2)222 jjt- G gmtjmd ta tnhj tfj alz| npnw
ae |rjlgl gmsj|tejmt tgr| a n||jt niialntgam gdjn| nmd
easj tfj lamsj|ntgam ta pfnt g| tziw mjjdjd) pfglf g| ta
laadgmntj nii tfj lamsj|ntgam| pgtf j`nd ta jtgjejmt gm
|zlf n pnw tfnt waz pgii hmap pfjtfj a mat waz nj am tfj
g`ft tnlh-
Tjj g| n pamdjzi ~zatj ae ’Niglj gm Pamdjinmd―
tfnt `aj| ighj tfg|;
’Pazid waz tjii ej) rijn|j) pfglf pnw G az`ft ta `a
ae fjj1―
’Tnt djrjmd| n `aad djni am pfjj waz pnmt ta `jt
ta)― |ngd tfj Lnt-
’G dam‗t ezlf lnj pfjj—― |ngd Niglj-
’Tjm gt daj|m‗t enttj pfglf pnw waz `a)― |ngd tfj
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Lnt-
’—|a iam` n| G ̀ jt \AEJPFJ_J)― Niglj nddjd n| nm
jvrinmntgam-
’Af) waz‗j |zj ta da tfnt)― |ngd tfj Lnt) ’g waz amiw pnih iam` jmaz`f-―
& Niglj‗| Ndsjmtzj| gm Pamdjinmd ) Lfnrtj 3'
G ne |zj tfnt pj pgii nii `jt |aejpfjj g amiw pj pnih
iam` jmaz`f- Zmatzmntjiw) gm tfj paid a jtgjejmt rinm%
mgm`) pgtfazt zmdj|tnmdgm` jvnltiw pfjj gt g| waz mjjd ta
`a nmd fap waz pg|f ta `a tfjj) waz enw pgmd zr gm n rinlj
waz dgd mat gmtjmd ta oj gm tfj |t rinlj- Ew farj g| tfnt
pfjm waz mg|f tfg| oaah) waz pgii fnsj n ojttj |jm|j a
mat amiw pfjj waz pg|f ta oj ozt fap waz pazid ighj ta `jt
tfjj-
G aj waz amj mni tfaz`ft — nmd tfnt g| tfnt tfjj g| ma
amj g`ft nm|pj a jsjwamj- Pfnt waz nj tziw iaahgm`
a g| tfj g`ft nm|pj a waz-
\jsjni wjn| n`a) G fnd tfj arratzmgtw ta fjn Wnmm
Ntfz|%Ojtnmd nt n lamjjmlj G pn| nttjmdgm`- Fj pn|
|fngm` pgtf z| n |nerigm` a tfj fzmdjd| a rfata`nrf|
fj fnd tnhjm a n oaah fj fnd jljmtiw rzoig|fjd lniijd
’Jntf ae Noasj-― Fj taid tfj |taw a `agm` ta n eazm%
tngmtar gm \pgt{jinmd nmd fargm` ta ̀ jt n rntglzin rgltzja |aej a tfj apj| tfnt pjj am tfnt eazmtngmtar- Pfjm
fj `at tfjj) fj azmd tfnt tfj apj| fj pn| fargm` ta rfa%
ta`nrf fnd ia|t tfjg rjnh oiaae n| tfj j|zit a n jljmt
|tae) nmd ma iam`j jrj|jmtjd tfj gen`j fj tfaz`ft fj
pn| `agm` ta oj tnhgm`- Fj taid z| fj pn| dg|nrragmtjd tfnt
fj pn| zmnoij ta `jt tfj rfata`nrf fj fnd jmsg|gamjd ozt
tfjm jnig{jd tfnt g fj kz|t lfnm`jd tfj nm`ij ae pfglf
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fj pn| tnhgm` tfj rfata`nrf) fj lazid |jj tfj apj| ae
n pfaij dgjjmt rj|rjltgsj- Nt tfnt eaejmt) fj azmd tfj
nm|pj tfnt pn| g`ft a fge) pfglf pn| dgjjmt tfnm tfj
nm|pj fj tfaz`ft pn| g`ft ag`gmniiw-Fg| ej||n`j pn| tfnt tfjj g| eaj tfnm amj g`ft nm|pj)
nmd G farj waz pgii md tfj nm|pj tfnt g| g`ft a waz pfjm
waz jnd tfg| oaah-
G waz da md |aiztgam| ta waz jtgjejmt rinmmgm` ~zj|tgam|
gm tfg| oaah) G jlaeejmd tfnt ojaj waz easj apnd tfnt
waz lam|zit waz tjne a mnmlgni ndsg|a|-
GMTJ_NLTGSJ PA_H\FJJT\
G‗sj ljntjd n mzeoj a dgjjmt pah|fjjt| tfnt
waz lnm z|j ta fjir nrriw tfj rgmlgrij| gm tfg| oaah
ta waz apm rj|amni jtgjejmt kazmjw- Kz|t iaah
a tfj glam |fapm ta tfj ijt nmd tfjm `a ta;
ppp-wazjtgjejmtkazmjw-lae!pah|fjjt|
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Ew Tgr ta Dg|mjw Paid
G waz nj ighj ej) nt |aej ragmt waz lfgid a lfgidjm
pjj aid jmaz`f tfnt waz taah tfje ta Dg|mjw Paid- Ew
dnz`ftj pn| |jsjm wjn| aid pfjm G djlgdjd gt pn| tgej tfnt
pj `a dapm ta tfj inmd a pamdj- Nltzniiw) pfnt raertjd
ej ta `a pn| tfnt G fnd kz|t nttjmdjd nm jdzlntgamni lamj%
jmlj pfjj amj a tfj |rjnhj| pn| amj a tfj |jmga enhjt%
gm` jvjlztgsj| a Dg|mjw- Fj |tntjd azt fg| |j||gam ow n|h%gm` tfa|j gm tfj nzdgjmlj) nmd tfjj pjj |jsjni fzmdjd)
fap enmw fnd ojjm ta Dg|mjw Paid- Kz|t noazt jsjw fnmd
gm tfj aae pjmt zr) jvljrt egmj- \a G `zjd gt pn| tgej-
Tj |t tfgm` G dgd pn| tnhj n iaah nt tfj lnijmdn nmd |jj
pfjj pj lazid fnsj nm jvtjmdjd rjgad a tgej ta `a dapm
ta Dg|mjw Paid8 n| gt tzmjd azt) gt pn| tfj Sjtjnm‗| Dnw
pjjhjmd dzgm` pfnt fnrrjmjd ta oj tfj ?:tf nmmgsj|nw
LFNRTJ_ >
EG\TNHJ\
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ljijontgam a Dg|mjw Paid- Tj mjvt adj a oz|gmj|| pn|
ta `a `jt Tj Oaah- Waz hmap pfnt oaah tfnt g|; tfj oaah
tfnt tjii| waz pfnt gdj| ta ̀ a ta dzgm` pfnt tgej a dnw nmd
fap iam` ta jvrjlt ta pngt- wrglniiw) G ne mat tfnt ezlf a n rinmmj pfjm gt laej| ta tfj|j twrj| a tgr|8 fapjsj) gt
tzmjd azt ta oj amj a tfj oj|t gmsj|tejmt| G lazid enhj-
G dgd ew j|jnlf nmd azmd azt pfglf gdj| G |fazid `a
am) nmd gt no|aiztjiw endj n tjejmdaz| dgjjmlj gm envg%
eg{gm` tfj tgej tfnt pj fnd gm Dg|mjw Paid- \a pj |rjmt
ij|| tgej gm igmj| nmd eaj tgej fnsgm` zm-
Nmatfj rnt a tfj j|jnlf pn| mdgm` azt pfglf ng%
igmj| jp dapm ta Ainmda nmd fap ezlf gt pazid la|t- G
ni|a jvjlg|jd jvtjm|gsj dzj dgig`jmlj gm jsgjpgm` tfj dg%
jjmt twrj| a nllaeeadntgam|) oatf am nmd a rarjtw)
tfnt pazid oj |zgtnoij a az sg|gt- Pj |jijltjd az g`ft|)
|tnwjd am rarjtw nt n pamdjzi j|at) nmd jmdjd zr fns%
gm` tfj tgej a az igsj|- Zram ew jtzm) G ljntjd n oaah
a ejeagj| tfnt ew dnz`ftj nmd G pgii lfjg|f a enmw
wjn| ta laej-
\a tfj ~zj|tgam waz enw oj n|hgm` g|) pfw ne G tjiigm` waz
noazt ew Dg|mjw Paid tgr1
Tj nm|pj g| tfnt a ea|t rjarij tfj twrj a j|jnlf nmd
dzj dgig`jmlj G |rjmt gm rinmmgm` tfj tgr ta Dg|mjw Paid g|
eaj tgej nmd jat tfnm tfjw pgii |rjmd rinmmgm` a tfjgjtgjejmt- Gmtjj|tgm`iw) rinmmgm` a Dg|mjw Paid g| mat
taa zmighj rinmmgm` a waz jtgjejmt-
Pfjm rinmmgm` a tfj tgr) pj fnd ta zmdj|tnmd pfnt
az `ani| pjj- Fap ezlf tgej pjj pj `agm` ta |rjmd1
Pfnt pn| `agm` ta oj az ozd`jt1 Fap pjj pj `agm` ta
tnsji1 Dgd pj pnmt ta `a ow ln a ow rinmj1 Da pj pnmt ta
`a mam|tar a |nsj eamjw nmd ztgig{j n amj%|tar g`ft1 Dgd
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G pnmt ta |rjmd rjegze daiin| ta `jt jvtn snizj ae tfj
j|at pfjj pj pazid oj |tnwgm`1 Dgd G pnmt ta |rjmd n|
igttij eamjw n| ra||goij am tfj nllaeeadntgam|) wjt |rjmd
eaj eamjw a n ojttj dgmgm` jvrjgjmlj1 Tj|j pjj kz|t|aej a tfj g||zj| G fnd ta djni pgtf pfjm rinmmgm` tfj tgr-
Nii a tfg| rinmmgm` ljmtjjd am ew aokjltgsj| nmd tfj
ozd`jt G fnd a ew tgr- Gt pn| mat zmighj tfj jat mjjdjd
ta |jt gm rinlj tfj rinmmgm` mjlj||nw ta rz|zj tfj jtgj%
ejmt a ew djne|- Nmd) ojigjsj gt a mat) tfj ~zj|tgam| nj
|gegin;
Fap ezlf eamjw da G mjjd am n eamtfiw on|g| ta |z|tngm
tfj igj|twij G dj|gj1 Fap ezlf gmlaej pgii oj laegm` ae
ew rjm|gam a \algni \jlzgtw1 Pfnt twrj a tnsjiigm`) ne%
giw jsjmt|) ljijontgam| a rzlfn|j| pgii oj geratnmt dz%
gm` ew kazmjw gmta jtgjejmt1 Fap ezlf g|h da G pnmt
ta tnhj pgtf ew rataiga1 a pfae da G pnmt ta ijnsj ew
eamjw pfjm G dgj1
\a) n| waz lnm |jj) tfjj g| j|jnlf ta oj damj pfjtfj waz
nj rinmmgm` waz tgr ta Dg|mjw Paid a rinmmgm` a waz
jtgjejmt kazmjw- Waz mjjd ta |jt azt pfnt waz aokjltgsj|
nmd `ani| nj nmd zmdj|tnmd tfj tndj%a| a rz|zgm` amj
nsjmzj sj|z| nmatfj-
Tj jn|am G |tntjd ac tfg| lfnrtj pgtf n |taw noazt
Dg|mjw Paid g| ojlnz|j G ojigjsj tfnt tfj og``j|t eg|tnhj tfnt ea|t rjarij enhj pfjm gt laej| ta tfjg jtgjejmt g| tfjw
da mat rinm a gt- Tjw tnhj tfj |nej aztj n| Niglj gm tfj
|taw ae ’Niglj gm Pamdjinmd)― gm pfglf tfj lnt tjii| Niglj
tfnt |zjiw |fj pgii `jt |aejpfjj n| iam` n| |fj pnih| iam`
jmaz`f- Gt enw mat oj jvnltiw pfjj waz pnmtjd ta `jt ta) ozt
waz ljtngmiw `jt |aejpfjj-
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Hmapgm` Waz Nj Am tfj _g`ft Tnlh
Pfjm ew dnz`ftj pn| >:) |fj pjmt am fj |t tngm gdjniamj- \fj pn| fjndjd ta n lfanij jfjn|ni am tfj Matf
\faj a Oa|tam- \fj pjmt ta tfj tngm |tntgam nmd oandjd
tfj tngm- Pfjm tfj tngm |tntjd easgm`) G ne |zj tfnt |fj
pn| tnihgm` ta tfa|j nazmd fj) ojlnz|j |fj ighj| ta enhj
gjmd| pgtf jsjwamj- Tj lamdzlta lnej zr ta fj nmd
n|hjd fj a fj tglhjt) pfglf |fj `indiw fnmdjd ta fge- Tj
lamdzlta ̀ nsj fj tfj tglhjt onlh nmd |ngd tfnt fj farjd |fj
pazid fnsj n `aad tgej gm Oa|tam-
Zmatzmntjiw a ew dnz`ftj) tfj tngm |fj pn| am pn|
`agm` gm tfj pam` dgjltgam-
\fj mjjdjd ta oj am tfj matfoazmd tngm8 fapjsj) |fj
oandjd tfj tngm `agm` |aztf- Tj jnigtw g| tfnt |fj pn| am
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tfjm gt g| sjw ra||goij tfnt waz nj am tfj |aztfoazmd tngm
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ew dnz`ftj ta `jt a tfj |aztfoazmd tngm nt tfj mjvt |tar
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eg|tnhj tfnt |fj endj amiw ejnmt tfnt |fj pn| intj a fj
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° Nj waz nmd waz |raz|j noij ta ijnd tfj jtgjejmt igj|twij waz dj|gj1
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>2
’jtgjejmt mzeoj|― gm mglj |nj rinlj|-
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G tjii |aejoadw) jgtfj n ligjmt a n ig|tjmj ae amj a ew
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enw oj enmw wjn| npnw-
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rij lamtgmzj ta tnhj eaj g|h tfnm g| mjlj||nw pgtf tfjg gm%
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Waz hmap tfj j|t a tfj |taw8 tpa eamtf| ojaj fj pn|
ta jtgj) Pnm` |talh darrjd rjlgrgtaz|iw) djsn|tntgm` fg|
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a fj jtgjejmt- \fj pn| gm fj jniw 32| nmd pn| rinmmgm`
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a fj) fj mzeoj pn| $> egiigam- Tj ond mjp| pn| tfnt
mjgtfj |fj ma fj oahj hmjp pfnt fj mzeoj pn|- \a
pfnt fnrrjmjd1
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a tfj rataiga onlh ta pfnt fj jtgjejmt aokjltgsj| nj- G
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>4
ow az nmvgjtgj|) az jn a tfj zmhmapm) tfjm gt g| ra||goij
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ta `gsj ta waz hgd| a `nmdhgd|- Gm atfj pad|) waz jmd
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° Tfj Tnm|gtgam Gmta _jtgjejmt
° Mat Zmdj|tnmdgm` Tgej Cnej|
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a <:%wjn rjgad) tfjm waz rinm g| mat ̀ agm` ta oj patf tfj
rnrj gt g| pgttjm am-
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ta enhj ma ij|| tfnm nmmzni jsnizntgam| a pfjtfj a mat
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tfje) nj mjn tfj ? ta ?-:* ntj- \a g waz nj `agm` ta rzt gm
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>6
rinlj n||zertgam| a waz jtgjejmt) nmd waz z|j tadnw‗|
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ne laeatnoij pgtf- G pazid ezlf ntfj fnsj eaj eamjw
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tfj pam` gmntgam ntj-
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ligjmt mjjd| $>22)222 nmmzniiw gm adj ta nllaerig|f tfjg
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ztzj mzeoj|- G pazid ntfj |aisj a tfj $?33)222 mjjd
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sj|z| |aisgm` a tfj $>6:)222 mjjd nmd ojgm` |fat a tfnt
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jlt |fat pgtf n ngpnw gam- Tg| n||zertgam g| z|zniiw gm%
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g| tfj |nej a tfa|j pfa rinm a jtgjejmt-
Tjw n||zej tfnt jsjwtfgm` pgii pah rjjltiw nmd rzt gm
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>7
rinlj n rinm tfnt fn| ma en`gm a ja- Tj `aij |fazid
tnhj amj jvtn lizo nmd tfj rinmmj |fazid oj rzttgm` gm n|%
|zertgam| tfnt nj kz|t n igttij fg`fj) a ogm` en`gm a
ja gmta tfj rinm-
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nmd tfg| nrrigj| ta oatf da%gt%waz|jij| nmd taa enmw a ew
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tfjg gmsj|tejmt rataiga|-
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a fg| zrlaegm` jtgjejmt-
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noij ta nllaerig|f fg| jtgjejmt aokjltgsj| ojlnz|j tfj rinm
gmdglntjd tfnt fj pazid `jt n 0* gmlaej ae tfj rataiga)
jmaz`f ta ijnd fg| dj|gjd igj|twij- Tg| rinm pn| mat jjl%
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a — fg| gmlaej pazid in|t a n rjgad a tgej nmd fj pazid
tfjm zm azt a eamjw-
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?2
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a n |talh a eztzni zmd `jmjntgm` n dgsgdjmd a gt| |fnj%
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sj|tejmt- Ca rinmmgm` rzra|j|) pj ajm tfgmh a gmlaej
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a gmlaej- Pj pgii n||zej a tfg| rzra|j tfnt tfjj g| $>
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laej| ae dgsgdjmd| a lnrgtni nrrjlgntgam- Az `ani g|
ta `jmjntj $<2)222) nmd gt g| mat n lamljm &n`ngm) g`magm`
tnvj|' fap gt g| `jmjntjd-
N||zegm` tfj ligjmt mjjd| ta `jmjntj <* gmlaej nmd tfnt
pj nj fnsgm` ta asjlaej n 4* gmntgam ntj iaahgm` a%
pnd) tfj rataiga mjjd| ta fnsj n tatni jtzm) a rinmmgm`
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rzra|j|) a 0*- G tfj rataiga lnm `jmjntj n 0* iam`%tje
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gt fwratfjtglniiw ta |fap fap ta tfgmh noazt tatni jtzm nmd
fap ta pgtfdnp eamjw ae amj‗| gmsj|tejmt|-'
Mat Pahgm` pgtf n \rjlgnig|t
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|fazidj g||zj| a tfa|j pfa rinwjd tjmmg|- Tg| daj| mat
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a pfjm iaahgm` a n |rjlgnig|t- Ew aokjltgsj fjj g| ta
arjm waz jwj| |a tfnt waz nj npnj tfnt tfjj nj nltzniiw
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jtgjejmt rinmmgm` |rjlgnig|t|-'
N |tzdw pn| damj |jsjni wjn| n`a ow n pjii%mnejd ez%
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wjn| tfj nsjn`j lazrij jm`n`j| ?µ mnmlgni ndsg|j|- Tj|j
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|znmlj gmdz|tw tnz`ft tfj sjw on|gl| a mnmlgni rinmmgm`
nmd fap ta enhjt waz |jsglj| nmd `a `jt oz|gmj||-
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Tj tgej G |rjmt pgtf Eztzni a Mjp Wah pn| patfpfgij
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>2>- Ca tfnt G pgii oj ajsj `ntjzi- Ozt n| Fnw Lfnrgm
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pg|fjd ta ztfj ew lnjj n| n mnmlgni rinmmj-
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|nw ta |tnt ew pnw tapnd ojlaegm` n jtgjejmt rinmmgm`
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n`jmt| a mnmlgni rinmmgm` |rjlgnig|t|) nmd fnsj damj sjw
pjii a tfje|jisj|- G ne `ind tfnt G fnsj tnhjm tfj and ta
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ta pah pgtf n mnmlgni raj||gamni) waz pgii mjjd ta djtj%
egmj pfnt tfj oj|t t g| a waz nmd waz negiw &eaj am
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`jt tfj gmlaej G pgii mjjd1―
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|t g| tfj nllzezintgam |tn`j- wrglniiw) dzgm` waz pah%
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ta tnm|gtgam gmta jtgjejmt) waz map jmtj tfj dg|tgoztgam
|tn`j- Tg| |tn`j alz|j| am ra|gtgamgm` tfj rataiga |a tfnt
waz lnm `jmjntj tfj gmlaej waz mjjd gm tfj ea|t tnv%jc%
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alz| g| am rzttgm` n| ezlf eamjw npnw n| ra||goij |a waz
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tgam |tn`j) tfj g||zj a eamjw enmn`jejmt ojlaej| amiw
amj a enmw geratnmt targl| ta oj dg|lz||jd pgtf waz
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jtgjejmt rinmmj- Gt g| tfj nogigtw ta laadgmntj nmd |wml zr
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<0
tfj |talh pn| `agm` ta tnhj lnj a tfje nmd ljtngmiw pazid
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rinm gm fg| larantj |talh-
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<6
_jtgjejmt _andenr) G ejmtgamjd ta fge tfnt amj a tfj
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tgniiw djngi n |zllj||zi jtgjejmt-
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<7
N||jt Niialntgam
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42
inmdenh |tzdw a az gmdz|tw nmd fap pj iaah nt rata%
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gmsj|tejmt sjfglij-
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`agm` ln{w8 pj hjrt fjngm` a tfg| ’mjp maeni― pfjj gt
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ta 32*) 02* a jsjm 62* a waz rataiga-
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