the challenge of increasing heterogeneity in systems of ... · the challenge of increasing...

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The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern Norway-NISE e-mail: [email protected] www.gaudisite.nl Abstract The transition from capabilities provided by traditional physical systems to todays capabilities provided by heterogeneous systems of systems complicates archi- tecting. In this paper, we look at trends in this ongoing transition, especially into the degree of heterogeneity of technologies and the context. We observe in an increase in virtual intangible technologies from the cyber domain, and an increase in human and organization aspects. Main question is how the heterogeneity of concerns, needs, considerations, and technologies impacts architecting and the role of architects. Distribution This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudí project. The Gaudí project philosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by an open creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature version to get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains complete and unchanged. September 9, 2018 status: draft version: 0.2 Cloud other physical systems apps Cloud physical system physical system mobile access flex workspots local operating stations other clouds Information and Communication infrastructure public and proprietary apps other physical systems data collection storage analysis learning unrelated services data providers specific services

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Page 1: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems ofSystems for architecting

by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern Norway-NISEe-mail gaudisitegmailcom

wwwgaudisitenl

Abstract

The transition from capabilities provided by traditional physical systems to todayscapabilities provided by heterogeneous systems of systems complicates archi-tecting In this paper we look at trends in this ongoing transition especially intothe degree of heterogeneity of technologies and the context We observe in anincrease in virtual intangible technologies from the cyber domain and an increasein human and organization aspects Main question is how the heterogeneity ofconcerns needs considerations and technologies impacts architecting and therole of architects

Distribution

This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudiacute project The Gaudiacute projectphilosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback Frequent feedback is pursued by anopen creation process This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature versionto get feedback Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains completeand unchanged

September 9 2018status draftversion 02

Cloud

other

physical

systems

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

other clouds

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

unrelated

services

data providers

specific services

Figure Of ContentsTM

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting2 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogo

Observations from teaching in various domains

middot Health care

middot Defense

middot Maritime

middot Oil and gas

middot Manufacturing

middot OEM equipment for imaging printing machining

middot Automotive

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting3 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSdomains

Trends across domains

middot Growth of datainformation collection

middot High expectations from harvesting useful data across systems to

improve performance and functionality

middot Infrastructure platforms using cloud technology factoring out

common digital functionality

middot Ubiquitous use of commodity devices as smart phones tablets and

laptops

middot Focus on trustworthiness and affordability

middot More automation and considering autonomy

middot Societal pressure for privacy and responsible behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting4 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStrends

SoS Background

Introduction

SoS

backgroundArchitecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting5 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoSOSbackground

Keywords from various SoS models in literature

Boardman and

Sauser

Autonomy

Belonging

Connectivity

Diversity

Emergence

Maier

Operational

independence

Managerial

independence

Geographic

separation

Emergent

behavior

Evolutionary

development

DeLaurentis

Type

Control (or

autonomy)

Connectivity

Dahmann and

Baldwin

Directed

Acknowledged

Collaborative

Virtual

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting6 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISStheory

Types of Systems of Systems

Directed - The SoS is centrally managed

Acknowledged - The SoS has recognized objectives and active

cooperation between SoS and constituent systems

Collaborative - The constituent systems and stakeholders cooperate

Virtual - The SoS nature more or less emerge from the constituent

systems

J Dahmann and K Baldwin 2008 Understanding the Current State of US Defense Systems of Systems

and the Implications for Systems Engineering IEEE Systems Conference 2008 in Montreal 2008

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting7 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISStypes

Architecting

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting8 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoArchitecting

The architecting playing field

organizational

context

operational and lifecycle context

technology

customer value

proposition

business

proposition

system

requirements

system design

drives drives

drive

s

en

ab

les

enables enab

les

customer

organization

business

organization

developing

organization

supplying

organizations

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting9 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ARCVtopViewExpanded

Thinking skills in Blooms revised taxonomy

remembering

understanding

applying

analyzing

evaluating

creating Higher Order Thinking Skills

more difficult to teach

more valuable

takes time to develop

Lower Order Thinking Skills

people can acquire them fast

must be mastered before

however when missing

can be acquired fast

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting10 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ASPCDbloomsTaxonomy

Disappearing Boundaries

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting11 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoBoundaries

Where are the System Boundaries

Cloud

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other clouds

other

physical

systems

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

data providers

specific services

unrelated

services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting12 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018MSISSboundaries

End-to-End Function

Cloud

other

physical

systems

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

other clouds

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

unrelated

services

data providers

specific services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting13 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSend2endFunction

Heterogeneity

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting14 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoHeterogeneity

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 2: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

Figure Of ContentsTM

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting2 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogo

Observations from teaching in various domains

middot Health care

middot Defense

middot Maritime

middot Oil and gas

middot Manufacturing

middot OEM equipment for imaging printing machining

middot Automotive

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting3 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSdomains

Trends across domains

middot Growth of datainformation collection

middot High expectations from harvesting useful data across systems to

improve performance and functionality

middot Infrastructure platforms using cloud technology factoring out

common digital functionality

middot Ubiquitous use of commodity devices as smart phones tablets and

laptops

middot Focus on trustworthiness and affordability

middot More automation and considering autonomy

middot Societal pressure for privacy and responsible behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting4 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStrends

SoS Background

Introduction

SoS

backgroundArchitecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting5 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoSOSbackground

Keywords from various SoS models in literature

Boardman and

Sauser

Autonomy

Belonging

Connectivity

Diversity

Emergence

Maier

Operational

independence

Managerial

independence

Geographic

separation

Emergent

behavior

Evolutionary

development

DeLaurentis

Type

Control (or

autonomy)

Connectivity

Dahmann and

Baldwin

Directed

Acknowledged

Collaborative

Virtual

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting6 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISStheory

Types of Systems of Systems

Directed - The SoS is centrally managed

Acknowledged - The SoS has recognized objectives and active

cooperation between SoS and constituent systems

Collaborative - The constituent systems and stakeholders cooperate

Virtual - The SoS nature more or less emerge from the constituent

systems

J Dahmann and K Baldwin 2008 Understanding the Current State of US Defense Systems of Systems

and the Implications for Systems Engineering IEEE Systems Conference 2008 in Montreal 2008

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting7 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISStypes

Architecting

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting8 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoArchitecting

The architecting playing field

organizational

context

operational and lifecycle context

technology

customer value

proposition

business

proposition

system

requirements

system design

drives drives

drive

s

en

ab

les

enables enab

les

customer

organization

business

organization

developing

organization

supplying

organizations

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting9 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ARCVtopViewExpanded

Thinking skills in Blooms revised taxonomy

remembering

understanding

applying

analyzing

evaluating

creating Higher Order Thinking Skills

more difficult to teach

more valuable

takes time to develop

Lower Order Thinking Skills

people can acquire them fast

must be mastered before

however when missing

can be acquired fast

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting10 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ASPCDbloomsTaxonomy

Disappearing Boundaries

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting11 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoBoundaries

Where are the System Boundaries

Cloud

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other clouds

other

physical

systems

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

data providers

specific services

unrelated

services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting12 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018MSISSboundaries

End-to-End Function

Cloud

other

physical

systems

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

other clouds

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

unrelated

services

data providers

specific services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting13 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSend2endFunction

Heterogeneity

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting14 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoHeterogeneity

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 3: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

Observations from teaching in various domains

middot Health care

middot Defense

middot Maritime

middot Oil and gas

middot Manufacturing

middot OEM equipment for imaging printing machining

middot Automotive

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting3 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSdomains

Trends across domains

middot Growth of datainformation collection

middot High expectations from harvesting useful data across systems to

improve performance and functionality

middot Infrastructure platforms using cloud technology factoring out

common digital functionality

middot Ubiquitous use of commodity devices as smart phones tablets and

laptops

middot Focus on trustworthiness and affordability

middot More automation and considering autonomy

middot Societal pressure for privacy and responsible behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting4 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStrends

SoS Background

Introduction

SoS

backgroundArchitecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting5 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoSOSbackground

Keywords from various SoS models in literature

Boardman and

Sauser

Autonomy

Belonging

Connectivity

Diversity

Emergence

Maier

Operational

independence

Managerial

independence

Geographic

separation

Emergent

behavior

Evolutionary

development

DeLaurentis

Type

Control (or

autonomy)

Connectivity

Dahmann and

Baldwin

Directed

Acknowledged

Collaborative

Virtual

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting6 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISStheory

Types of Systems of Systems

Directed - The SoS is centrally managed

Acknowledged - The SoS has recognized objectives and active

cooperation between SoS and constituent systems

Collaborative - The constituent systems and stakeholders cooperate

Virtual - The SoS nature more or less emerge from the constituent

systems

J Dahmann and K Baldwin 2008 Understanding the Current State of US Defense Systems of Systems

and the Implications for Systems Engineering IEEE Systems Conference 2008 in Montreal 2008

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting7 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISStypes

Architecting

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting8 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoArchitecting

The architecting playing field

organizational

context

operational and lifecycle context

technology

customer value

proposition

business

proposition

system

requirements

system design

drives drives

drive

s

en

ab

les

enables enab

les

customer

organization

business

organization

developing

organization

supplying

organizations

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting9 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ARCVtopViewExpanded

Thinking skills in Blooms revised taxonomy

remembering

understanding

applying

analyzing

evaluating

creating Higher Order Thinking Skills

more difficult to teach

more valuable

takes time to develop

Lower Order Thinking Skills

people can acquire them fast

must be mastered before

however when missing

can be acquired fast

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting10 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ASPCDbloomsTaxonomy

Disappearing Boundaries

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting11 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoBoundaries

Where are the System Boundaries

Cloud

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other clouds

other

physical

systems

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

data providers

specific services

unrelated

services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting12 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018MSISSboundaries

End-to-End Function

Cloud

other

physical

systems

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

other clouds

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

unrelated

services

data providers

specific services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting13 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSend2endFunction

Heterogeneity

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting14 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoHeterogeneity

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 4: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

Trends across domains

middot Growth of datainformation collection

middot High expectations from harvesting useful data across systems to

improve performance and functionality

middot Infrastructure platforms using cloud technology factoring out

common digital functionality

middot Ubiquitous use of commodity devices as smart phones tablets and

laptops

middot Focus on trustworthiness and affordability

middot More automation and considering autonomy

middot Societal pressure for privacy and responsible behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting4 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStrends

SoS Background

Introduction

SoS

backgroundArchitecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting5 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoSOSbackground

Keywords from various SoS models in literature

Boardman and

Sauser

Autonomy

Belonging

Connectivity

Diversity

Emergence

Maier

Operational

independence

Managerial

independence

Geographic

separation

Emergent

behavior

Evolutionary

development

DeLaurentis

Type

Control (or

autonomy)

Connectivity

Dahmann and

Baldwin

Directed

Acknowledged

Collaborative

Virtual

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting6 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISStheory

Types of Systems of Systems

Directed - The SoS is centrally managed

Acknowledged - The SoS has recognized objectives and active

cooperation between SoS and constituent systems

Collaborative - The constituent systems and stakeholders cooperate

Virtual - The SoS nature more or less emerge from the constituent

systems

J Dahmann and K Baldwin 2008 Understanding the Current State of US Defense Systems of Systems

and the Implications for Systems Engineering IEEE Systems Conference 2008 in Montreal 2008

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting7 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISStypes

Architecting

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting8 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoArchitecting

The architecting playing field

organizational

context

operational and lifecycle context

technology

customer value

proposition

business

proposition

system

requirements

system design

drives drives

drive

s

en

ab

les

enables enab

les

customer

organization

business

organization

developing

organization

supplying

organizations

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting9 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ARCVtopViewExpanded

Thinking skills in Blooms revised taxonomy

remembering

understanding

applying

analyzing

evaluating

creating Higher Order Thinking Skills

more difficult to teach

more valuable

takes time to develop

Lower Order Thinking Skills

people can acquire them fast

must be mastered before

however when missing

can be acquired fast

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting10 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ASPCDbloomsTaxonomy

Disappearing Boundaries

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting11 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoBoundaries

Where are the System Boundaries

Cloud

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other clouds

other

physical

systems

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

data providers

specific services

unrelated

services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting12 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018MSISSboundaries

End-to-End Function

Cloud

other

physical

systems

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

other clouds

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

unrelated

services

data providers

specific services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting13 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSend2endFunction

Heterogeneity

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting14 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoHeterogeneity

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 5: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

SoS Background

Introduction

SoS

backgroundArchitecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting5 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoSOSbackground

Keywords from various SoS models in literature

Boardman and

Sauser

Autonomy

Belonging

Connectivity

Diversity

Emergence

Maier

Operational

independence

Managerial

independence

Geographic

separation

Emergent

behavior

Evolutionary

development

DeLaurentis

Type

Control (or

autonomy)

Connectivity

Dahmann and

Baldwin

Directed

Acknowledged

Collaborative

Virtual

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting6 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISStheory

Types of Systems of Systems

Directed - The SoS is centrally managed

Acknowledged - The SoS has recognized objectives and active

cooperation between SoS and constituent systems

Collaborative - The constituent systems and stakeholders cooperate

Virtual - The SoS nature more or less emerge from the constituent

systems

J Dahmann and K Baldwin 2008 Understanding the Current State of US Defense Systems of Systems

and the Implications for Systems Engineering IEEE Systems Conference 2008 in Montreal 2008

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting7 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISStypes

Architecting

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting8 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoArchitecting

The architecting playing field

organizational

context

operational and lifecycle context

technology

customer value

proposition

business

proposition

system

requirements

system design

drives drives

drive

s

en

ab

les

enables enab

les

customer

organization

business

organization

developing

organization

supplying

organizations

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting9 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ARCVtopViewExpanded

Thinking skills in Blooms revised taxonomy

remembering

understanding

applying

analyzing

evaluating

creating Higher Order Thinking Skills

more difficult to teach

more valuable

takes time to develop

Lower Order Thinking Skills

people can acquire them fast

must be mastered before

however when missing

can be acquired fast

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting10 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ASPCDbloomsTaxonomy

Disappearing Boundaries

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting11 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoBoundaries

Where are the System Boundaries

Cloud

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other clouds

other

physical

systems

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

data providers

specific services

unrelated

services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting12 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018MSISSboundaries

End-to-End Function

Cloud

other

physical

systems

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

other clouds

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

unrelated

services

data providers

specific services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting13 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSend2endFunction

Heterogeneity

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting14 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoHeterogeneity

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 6: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

Keywords from various SoS models in literature

Boardman and

Sauser

Autonomy

Belonging

Connectivity

Diversity

Emergence

Maier

Operational

independence

Managerial

independence

Geographic

separation

Emergent

behavior

Evolutionary

development

DeLaurentis

Type

Control (or

autonomy)

Connectivity

Dahmann and

Baldwin

Directed

Acknowledged

Collaborative

Virtual

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting6 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISStheory

Types of Systems of Systems

Directed - The SoS is centrally managed

Acknowledged - The SoS has recognized objectives and active

cooperation between SoS and constituent systems

Collaborative - The constituent systems and stakeholders cooperate

Virtual - The SoS nature more or less emerge from the constituent

systems

J Dahmann and K Baldwin 2008 Understanding the Current State of US Defense Systems of Systems

and the Implications for Systems Engineering IEEE Systems Conference 2008 in Montreal 2008

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting7 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISStypes

Architecting

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting8 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoArchitecting

The architecting playing field

organizational

context

operational and lifecycle context

technology

customer value

proposition

business

proposition

system

requirements

system design

drives drives

drive

s

en

ab

les

enables enab

les

customer

organization

business

organization

developing

organization

supplying

organizations

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting9 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ARCVtopViewExpanded

Thinking skills in Blooms revised taxonomy

remembering

understanding

applying

analyzing

evaluating

creating Higher Order Thinking Skills

more difficult to teach

more valuable

takes time to develop

Lower Order Thinking Skills

people can acquire them fast

must be mastered before

however when missing

can be acquired fast

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting10 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ASPCDbloomsTaxonomy

Disappearing Boundaries

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting11 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoBoundaries

Where are the System Boundaries

Cloud

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other clouds

other

physical

systems

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

data providers

specific services

unrelated

services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting12 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018MSISSboundaries

End-to-End Function

Cloud

other

physical

systems

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

other clouds

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

unrelated

services

data providers

specific services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting13 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSend2endFunction

Heterogeneity

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting14 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoHeterogeneity

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 7: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

Types of Systems of Systems

Directed - The SoS is centrally managed

Acknowledged - The SoS has recognized objectives and active

cooperation between SoS and constituent systems

Collaborative - The constituent systems and stakeholders cooperate

Virtual - The SoS nature more or less emerge from the constituent

systems

J Dahmann and K Baldwin 2008 Understanding the Current State of US Defense Systems of Systems

and the Implications for Systems Engineering IEEE Systems Conference 2008 in Montreal 2008

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting7 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISStypes

Architecting

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting8 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoArchitecting

The architecting playing field

organizational

context

operational and lifecycle context

technology

customer value

proposition

business

proposition

system

requirements

system design

drives drives

drive

s

en

ab

les

enables enab

les

customer

organization

business

organization

developing

organization

supplying

organizations

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting9 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ARCVtopViewExpanded

Thinking skills in Blooms revised taxonomy

remembering

understanding

applying

analyzing

evaluating

creating Higher Order Thinking Skills

more difficult to teach

more valuable

takes time to develop

Lower Order Thinking Skills

people can acquire them fast

must be mastered before

however when missing

can be acquired fast

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting10 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ASPCDbloomsTaxonomy

Disappearing Boundaries

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting11 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoBoundaries

Where are the System Boundaries

Cloud

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other clouds

other

physical

systems

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

data providers

specific services

unrelated

services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting12 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018MSISSboundaries

End-to-End Function

Cloud

other

physical

systems

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

other clouds

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

unrelated

services

data providers

specific services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting13 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSend2endFunction

Heterogeneity

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting14 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoHeterogeneity

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 8: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

Architecting

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting8 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoArchitecting

The architecting playing field

organizational

context

operational and lifecycle context

technology

customer value

proposition

business

proposition

system

requirements

system design

drives drives

drive

s

en

ab

les

enables enab

les

customer

organization

business

organization

developing

organization

supplying

organizations

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting9 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ARCVtopViewExpanded

Thinking skills in Blooms revised taxonomy

remembering

understanding

applying

analyzing

evaluating

creating Higher Order Thinking Skills

more difficult to teach

more valuable

takes time to develop

Lower Order Thinking Skills

people can acquire them fast

must be mastered before

however when missing

can be acquired fast

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting10 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ASPCDbloomsTaxonomy

Disappearing Boundaries

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting11 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoBoundaries

Where are the System Boundaries

Cloud

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other clouds

other

physical

systems

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

data providers

specific services

unrelated

services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting12 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018MSISSboundaries

End-to-End Function

Cloud

other

physical

systems

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

other clouds

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

unrelated

services

data providers

specific services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting13 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSend2endFunction

Heterogeneity

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting14 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoHeterogeneity

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 9: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

The architecting playing field

organizational

context

operational and lifecycle context

technology

customer value

proposition

business

proposition

system

requirements

system design

drives drives

drive

s

en

ab

les

enables enab

les

customer

organization

business

organization

developing

organization

supplying

organizations

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting9 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ARCVtopViewExpanded

Thinking skills in Blooms revised taxonomy

remembering

understanding

applying

analyzing

evaluating

creating Higher Order Thinking Skills

more difficult to teach

more valuable

takes time to develop

Lower Order Thinking Skills

people can acquire them fast

must be mastered before

however when missing

can be acquired fast

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting10 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ASPCDbloomsTaxonomy

Disappearing Boundaries

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting11 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoBoundaries

Where are the System Boundaries

Cloud

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other clouds

other

physical

systems

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

data providers

specific services

unrelated

services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting12 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018MSISSboundaries

End-to-End Function

Cloud

other

physical

systems

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

other clouds

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

unrelated

services

data providers

specific services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting13 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSend2endFunction

Heterogeneity

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting14 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoHeterogeneity

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 10: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

Thinking skills in Blooms revised taxonomy

remembering

understanding

applying

analyzing

evaluating

creating Higher Order Thinking Skills

more difficult to teach

more valuable

takes time to develop

Lower Order Thinking Skills

people can acquire them fast

must be mastered before

however when missing

can be acquired fast

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting10 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

ASPCDbloomsTaxonomy

Disappearing Boundaries

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting11 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoBoundaries

Where are the System Boundaries

Cloud

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other clouds

other

physical

systems

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

data providers

specific services

unrelated

services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting12 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018MSISSboundaries

End-to-End Function

Cloud

other

physical

systems

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

other clouds

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

unrelated

services

data providers

specific services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting13 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSend2endFunction

Heterogeneity

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting14 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoHeterogeneity

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 11: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

Disappearing Boundaries

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting11 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoBoundaries

Where are the System Boundaries

Cloud

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other clouds

other

physical

systems

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

data providers

specific services

unrelated

services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting12 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018MSISSboundaries

End-to-End Function

Cloud

other

physical

systems

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

other clouds

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

unrelated

services

data providers

specific services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting13 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSend2endFunction

Heterogeneity

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting14 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoHeterogeneity

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 12: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

Where are the System Boundaries

Cloud

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other clouds

other

physical

systems

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

data providers

specific services

unrelated

services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting12 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018MSISSboundaries

End-to-End Function

Cloud

other

physical

systems

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

other clouds

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

unrelated

services

data providers

specific services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting13 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSend2endFunction

Heterogeneity

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting14 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoHeterogeneity

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 13: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

End-to-End Function

Cloud

other

physical

systems

apps

Cloud

physical

system

physical

systemmobile

access

flex

workspots

local operating

stations

other clouds

Information and Communication

infrastructure

public and proprietary

apps

other

physical

systems

data collection

storage

analysis

learning

unrelated

services

data providers

specific services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting13 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSend2endFunction

Heterogeneity

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting14 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoHeterogeneity

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 14: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

Heterogeneity

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting14 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoHeterogeneity

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 15: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

New Virtual Technologies

upcoming technologies

middot Internet of Things

middot miniaturized and commoditized

sensors

middot ubiquitous networking storage and

processing resources

middot Artificial Intelligence ((deep)

learning data mining data analytics)

middot block chain

middot microservices

middot clouds

traditional (physical) technologies

middot chemical engineering

middot mechanical engineering

middot electrical engineering

middot optical engineering

middot civil engineering

middot operations research

middot physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting15 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOStechnical

Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

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Non-technical heterogeneity

non-technical considerations

middot economical

middot ecological

middot legal

middot social

middot political

middot psychological

middot criminal

human behavior

emotions social pressure political gains

may trigger unexpected behavior

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting16 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSnonTechnical

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 17: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

Varying Dynamics

apps

ICT infrastructure

other

physical

systems

other clouds

Cloud

physical

system

flex workspotslocal operating

stations

other

physical

systemsservices

other services

hour day month year

103

106

109

decade

humans

process regulation

seconds

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting17 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSdynamics

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 18: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

tension between control and emergence

safety security etc requiring anaylsis and control

versus

emerging and changing behavior eg due to Artificial Intelligence

clear ownership

versus

dynamic allocation and distribution of services

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting18 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSconcerns

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 19: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

Conclusion

Introduction

SoS background Architecting

Disappearing boundaries

Heterogeneity

Conclusion

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting19 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

CHSOSlogoConclusion

Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

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Summary

middot Systems of Systems Integration continues in the field during operation

middot Ownership and responsibility for end-to-end performance is ill-defined

middot Your system may be blamed for problems with a root cause elsewhere

middot End-to-end performance depends on a mix of

middot traditional technical systems

middot modern technologies like learning

middot humans in their organizational and societal context (psychological

social political economical legal etc)

middot the physical context (location climate etc) and laws of physics

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting20 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

MSISSsummary

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018

Page 21: The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of ... · The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for architecting by Gerrit Muller University of South-Eastern

Links

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in Systems of Systems for archi-tecting httpsgaudisitenlSoSE2018_Muller_heterogeneitypdf

IEEE SOSE 2018 in Paris France copyright IEEE httpieeexplore

ieeeorgxplmostRecentIssuejsppunumber=7533679

The challenge of increasing heterogeneity in SoS for architecting21 Gerrit Muller

version 02September 9 2018