The CERN international studyof Future Circular Colliders

Philippe LebrunCERN, Geneva, Switzerland

IOP Day on TLEPUniversity College London, 29 October 2013

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

2

European Strategy Update on Particle Physics

Exploit the full potential of the LHC

Ph. Lebrun

c) Europe’s top priority should be the exploitation of the full potential of the LHC, including the high-luminosity upgrade of the machine and detectors with a view to collecting ten times more data than in the initial design, by around 2030. This upgrade programme will also provide further exciting opportunities for the study of flavour physics and the quark-gluon plasma.

HL-LHC from a study to a PROJECT300 fb-1 → 3000 fb-1 by 2035

including LHC injectors upgrade LIU(Linac 4, Booster 2GeV, PS and SPS upgrade)

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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Technology for the HL-LHC project

Ph. Lebrun

• New IR-quads Nb3Sn (inner triplets)

• New 11 T Nb3Sn (short) dipoles

• Collimation upgrade• Cryogenics upgrade• Crab Cavities• Cold powering• Machine protection

Major intervention on more than 1.2 km of the LHC

Project leadership: L. Rossi and O. Brüning

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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HL-LHC project milestones

Ph. Lebrun

tod

ay

Kick-off meeting: 11th Nov. 2013 (Daresbury)

http://cern.ch/hilumilhc

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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European Strategy Update on Particle Physics Design studies and R&D at the energy

frontier

Ph. Lebrun

with emphasis on proton-proton and electron-positron high-energy frontier machines. These design studies should be coupled to a vigorous accelerator R&D programme, including high-field magnets and high-gradient accelerating structures, in collaboration with national institutes, laboratories and universities worldwide.

+ R&D on Proton-Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration (AWAKE Expt at CERN)

HFM HGA

d) CERN should undertake design studies for accelerator projects in a global context,

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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CLIC CDR and cost study (2012)

Ph. Lebrun

• 3 volumes: physics & detectors, accelerator complex, strategy, cost & schedule

• Collaborative effort: 40+ institutes worldwide

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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First approach to HE-LHC @ 33 TeV c.m.Malta Workshop 14-16 October 2010

Ph. Lebrun

0

20

40

60

80

0 20 40 60 80 100 120y

(mm

)

x (mm)

HTS

HTS

Nb3Snlow j

Nb-Ti

Nb-TiNb3Snlow j

Nb3Snlow j

Nb3Snhigh j

Nb3Snhigh j

Nb3Snhigh j

Nb3Snhigh j

Material N. turns Coil fraction Peak field Joverall (A/mm2) Nb-Ti 41 27% 8 380 Nb3Sn (high Jc) 55 37% 13 380 Nb3Sn (Low Jc) 30 20% 15 190 HTS 24 16% 20.5 380

Magnet design (20 T): very challenging but not impossible. 300 mm inter-beamMultiple powering in the same magnet (and more sectioning for energy)Work for 4 years to assess HTS for 2X20T to open the way to 16.5 T/beam .Otherwise limit field to 15.5 T for 2x13 TeVHigher INJ energy is desirable (2xSPS)

The synchrotron light is not a stopper by operating the beam screen at 60 K. The beam stability looks « easier » than LHC thanks to dumping time.Collimation is possibly not more difficult than HL-LHC. Reaching 2x1034 appears reasonable.The big challenge, after main magnet technology, is beam handling for INJ & beam dump: new kicker technology is needed since we cannot make twice more room for LHC kickers.

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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Exploratory studies for VHE-LHC

Ph. Lebrun

First studies on a new 80 km tunnel in the Geneva area

42 TeV with 8.3 T using present Nb-Ti LHC dipoles

80 TeV with 16 T based on Nb-Ti + Nb3Sn dipoles

100 TeV with 20 T based on Nb-Ti + Nb3Sn + HTS dipoles

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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The Future Circular Colliders (FCC) design study

Aiming for CDR and Cost Review for the next ESU (2018)

Ph. Lebrun

15 T 100 TeV in 100 km20 T 100 TeV in 80 km

• 80-100 km tunnel infrastructure in Geneva area• design driven by pp-collider requirements • with possibility of e+-e- (TLEP) and p-e (VLHeC)• CERN-hosted study performed in international

collaboration

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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Preliminary siting studies have started

Ph. Lebrun

• Project only in its very initial stage• To continue further the following steps are required

– Define project requirements• Detector cavern requirements, dump caverns, surface service

areas, shielding requirements, access, safety

– Optimization studies for the tunnel configuration• E.g. circumference, ring geometry, tunnel inclination, sector length,

shaft locations

– Create preliminary technical civil engineering designs– Continue feasibility studies– Continue environmental impact studies

John Osborne

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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Organization of FCC studyLeader Michael Benedikt, Deputy Frank

Zimmermann

Ph. Lebrun

Infrastructuretunnels, surface buildings, transport (access roads), civil engineering, cooling ventilation,

electricity, cryogenics, communication & IT, fabrication and installation processes, maintenance, environmental impact and monitoring, safety

Hadron colliderOptics and beam dynamics

Functional specificationsPerformance specs

Critical technical systemsRelated R+D programsHE-LHC comparisonOperation conceptDetector concept

Physics requirements

Hadron injectorsBeam optics and dynamics

Functional specsPerformance specs

Critical technical systemsOperation concept

e+ e- colliderOptics and beam

dynamics Functional specifications

Performance specsCritical technical systemsRelated R+D programs

Injector (Booster)Operation conceptDetector concept

Physics requirements

e- p option: Physics, Integration, additional requirements

Future Circular Colliders - Conceptual Design Study for next European Strategy Update (2018)

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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Main areas of FCC design study

Ph. Lebrun

Infrastructure

Hadron collider conceptual design

Lepton collider conceptual design

Hadron injectors

Safety, operation, energy management

environmental aspects

Machine and infrastructure

conceptual designs

High-field magnets

Superconducting RF systems

Cryogenics

Specific technologies

Planning

Technologies R&D activities

Planning

Hadron physics experiments

interface, integration

e+ e- coll. physics experiments

interface, integration

e- - p physics and integration aspects

Physics experiments

detectors

Michael Benedikt

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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Main parameters for FHC

Ph. Lebrun

PRELIMINARY

• Energy 100 TeV c.m.• Dipole field 15 T (baseline)

[20 T option] (design limit)• Circumference ~ 100 km• #IPs 2+2 • Beam-beam tune shift 0.01 (total) • Bunch spacing 50 ns

[5 ns option]• Peak luminosity 5x1034 cm-2s-1

• b* 1.1 m[2 m conservative option]linked to total beam current (~ 0.5-

1 A)Frank

Zimmermann

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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Main parameters for FLC (TLEP)

Ph. Lebrun

PRELIMINARY

• Energy 91-Z, 160-W, 240-H, 350-t GeV c.m.(energy upgrade 500-ZHH/ttH)

• Circumference ~ 100 km• Total SR power ≤ 100 MW (design limit)• #IPs 4 • Beam-beam tune shift / IP scaled from LEP• Peak luminosity / IP 5x1034 cm-2s-1 at Higgs• Top-up injection• by* 1 mm ~ sz

Frank Zimmermann

parameters TLEP Z TLEP W TLEP H TLEP t

Ec.m. [GeV] 91 160 240 350

beam current [mA] 1440 154 29.8 6.7# bunches/beam 7500 3200 167 160 20#e−/bunch [1011] 4.0 1.0 3.7 0.88 7.0ex, ey [nm] 29.2, 0.06 3.3,0.017 7.5, 0.015 2, .002

β∗x,y [mm] 500, 1 200, 1 500, 1 1000, 1

σ∗x,y[μm] 121, 0.25 26, 0.13 61, 0.12 45,.045 126,.13

σtotz,rms [mm] (w BS) 2.93 1.98 2.11 0.77 1.95

ESRloss/turn [GeV] 0.03 0.3 1.7 7.5

VRF,tot [GV] 2 2 6 12

ξx,,y/IP 0.068 0.086 0.094 0.057

/IP[1034cm−2s−1] 59 16 5 1.3 1.0#IPs 4 4 4 4 tbeam[min] (rad.Bhabha) 99 38 24 21 26

tbeam[min] (BS, h=2%) >1025 >106 9 3.5 0.5Ph. LebrunIOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October

201315

parameters LEP2 TLEP W TLEP H TLEP t

Ec.m. [GeV] 209 160 240 350

beam current [mA] 4 154 29.8 6.7# bunches/beam 4 3200 167 160 20#e−/bunch [1011] 5.8 1.0 3.7 0.88 7.0ex, ey [nm] 48, 0.25 3.3,0.017 7.5, 0.015 2, .002

β∗x,y [mm] 1500, 50 200, 1 500, 1 1000, 1

σ∗x,y[μm] 270, 3.5 26, 0.13 61, 0.12 45,.045 126,.13

σtotz,rms [mm] (w BS) 16.1 1.98 2.11 0.77 1.95

ESRloss/turn [GeV] 3.41 0.3 1.7 7.5

VRF,tot [GV] 3.64 2 6 12

ξx,,y/IP 0.066 (y) 0.086 0.094 0.057

/IP[1034cm−2s−1] 0.0125 16 5 1.3 1.0#IPs 4 4 4 4 tbeam[min] (rad.Bhabha) 363 38 24 21 26

tbeam[min] (BS, h=2%) >1035 >106 9 3.5 0.5

com-parison

with LEP2

Ph. LebrunIOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October

201316

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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Short beam lifetime requires top-up injection

Ph. Lebrun

• short beam lifetime (~tLEP2/40) due to high luminosity supported by top-up injection (used at KEKB, PEP-II, SLS,…)

• top-up also avoids ramping & thermal transients, and eases tuning

Frank Zimmermann

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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Top-up scheme

Ph. Lebrun

20 GeV

10 s

energy of accelerator ring

120 GeV injection into collider

injection into accelerator

beam current in collider (15 min. beam lifetime)

100%

99%almost constant current

acceleration time = 1.6 s (assuming SPS ramp rate)

Frank Zimmermann

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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Main parameters of FHLC

Ph. Lebrun

PRELIMINARY

• Beam energy e- 60, 120, 250 GeV • Beam energy p 50 TeV• Spot size determined by p• e- current from FLC (SR power ≤ 50 MW)• #IPs 1 or 2

Frank Zimmermann

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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FCC study milestones

Ph. Lebrun

tod

ayKick-off meeting

12th-14th February 2014

CDR and Cost Review 2018

Study

FCC

ES

U

Michael Benedikt

IOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October 2013

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Summary

Ph. Lebrun

• CERN is undertaking an international study for the design of future circular colliders (FCC) in the 100 km range

• Deliverables are a CDR and cost review for the next ESU (2018)

• Main emphasis is on a hadron collider with a c.m. energy of about 100 TeV at the energy frontier, largely determining the infrastructure

• The study will also contain an e+e- collider as potential intermediate step, and look at an e-p option

• FCC kick-off meeting 12-14 February 2014 in Geneva area

- Establish international collaborations - Define WPs and set-up study groups- International Advisory Committee (IAC)

• Collaborators welcome!

parameters TLEP W TLEP H TLEP t ZHH&ttH

Ec.m. [GeV] 160 240 350 500

beam current [mA] 154 29.8 6.7 1.6# bunches/beam 3200 167 160 20 10#e−/bunch [1011] 1.0 3.7 0.88 7.0 3.3ex, ey [nm] 3.3,0.017 7.5, 0.015 2, .002 4., 0.004

β∗x,y [mm] 200, 1 500, 1 1000, 1 1000, 1

σ∗x,y[μm] 26, 0.13 61, 0.12 45,.045 126,.13 63, 0.063

σtotz,rms [mm] (w BS) 1.98 2.11 0.77 1.95 1.81

ESRloss/turn [GeV] 0.3 1.7 7.5 31.4

VRF,tot [GV] 2 6 12 35

ξx,,y/IP 0.086 0.094 0.057 0.075

/IP[1034cm−2s−1] 16 5 1.3 1.0 0.5#IPs 4 4 4 4tbeam[min] (rad.Bhabha) 38 24 21 26 13

tbeam[min] (BS, h=2%) >106 9 3.5 0.5 ~1(h=3%)

TLEP energy upgrade

Ph. LebrunIOP Day on TLEP, UCL, 29 October

201323