the central nervous system (c.n.s) mindarie senior college 3a/3b human biological science
TRANSCRIPT
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The Central Nervous System(C.N.S)
MINDARIE SENIOR COLLEGE3A/3B HUMAN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
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The Central Nervous System is made up of
the brain and the spinal cord.
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The brain
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The brain
The spinal cord
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre B13
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The main parts of the CNS (left side facing)
cerebellum
cerebrum
Spinal cord
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
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The main parts of the CNS (right side facing)
cerebellum
cerebrum
spinal cord
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
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Cerebrum features
• outermost layer contains the cerebral cortex (grey matter)
• middle layer contains the white matter
• innermost layer contains grey matter called the basal ganglia
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Cerebrum
hypothalamus
thalamus
mid-brain
pons varolii
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
spinal cord
cerebral cortex
cerebrum
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
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The cerebral cortex
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
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Functional areas of the cerebral cortex
Motor area for speech
Primary auditory area
Auditory association area
Primary sensory area
Primary motor area
Speech
Primary visual areaVisual
association area
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
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The functional areas of the cerebral cortex
• thinking• reasoning• learning• memory• intelligence• sense of responsibility• perception of the senses• initiation and control of voluntary muscle
contraction
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Cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
thalamus
mid-brain
pons varolii
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
spinal cord
cerebral cortex
cerebrum
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
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The functional areas of the cerebrum
• sensory areas interpret impulses from receptors.
• motor areas control muscular movements.
• association areas are involved with intellectual and emotional processes.
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Cerebrum
hypothalamus
thalamus
mid-brain
pons varolii
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
spinal cord
cerebral cortex
cerebrum
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
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The hypothalamus regulates:
• heart rate• body temperature• movement of food through the alimentary canal• food and water intake• patterns of waking and sleeping• contraction of the urinary bladder• sexual cycles• sensory information from internal organs• associated with fear and anger• the release of hormones from the pituitary gland
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Hypothalamus
hypothalamus
thalamus
mid-brain
pons varolii
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
spinal cord
cerebral cortex
cerebrum
Acknowledgement: Picture of Model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
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The medulla oblongata regulates:
• heartbeat through its cardiovascular centre
• breathing rhythm through its respiratory centre
• the diameter of blood vessels through its vasomotor centre
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Medulla oblongata
hypothalamus
thalamus
mid-brain
pons Varolii
medulla oblongata
cerebellum
spinal cord
cerebral cortex
cerebrum
Acknowledgement: Picture of model from Mentone Educational Centre C15
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The spinal cord
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The action of the spinal cord
Sensory neurons pick up signals from the
skin and transfer that information to
connector neurons in the spinal cord and/or
brain.
This information is relayed on to the motor
neurons in the spinal cord to illicit a
response.
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se
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connector neuron
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Acknowledgement: Picture taken from Newton & Joyce, Human Perspectives Book 2 Fig 21.3 Revised Edition 2000 pg 268
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se
nsor
y ne
uron
connector neuron
mot
or n
euro
n
Acknowledgement: Picture taken from Newton & Joyce, Human Perspectives Book 2 Fig 21.3 Revised Edition 2000 pg 268