the cellular basis of reproduction and inheritance lecture 10...the cellular basis of reproduction...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Cellular Basis of
Reproduction and Inheritance
Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
The Production of Identical Cells
Meiosis
The Production of Sperm and Eggs
![Page 2: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Homologous Chromosomes
Homologue inherited
from dad
Homologue inherited
from mom
![Page 3: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
This karyotype shows the 23 pairs of
homologous chromosomes In humans
![Page 4: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
In an nondividing cell theDNA in the nucleus is called?
These “worms” in the nucleus are called?
What is this?
Chromosomes and Chromatin
![Page 5: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
DNA exists
as chromatin
during interphase Chromosomes are
seen during mitosis
![Page 6: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
occurs during
telophase
The Cell Cycle (Cell Division)
1. Interphase: Growth and DNA replication
(The chromosome number doubles).
2. Mitosis: The division of the nucleus
3. Cytokinesis: The division of the cytoplasm
The Purpose of Cell Division
1. Growth
2. Replacement of damaged cells
3. Asexual reproduction
![Page 7: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
DNA replication
occurs during
interphase
![Page 8: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
DNA Replication
Interphase
![Page 9: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Phases of the Cell Cycle
• Interphase
– Growth and DNA replication
– Chromosomes have duplicated but they are still
in the form chromatin fibers
![Page 10: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Phases of the Cell Cycle
• Prophase
– Chromosomes become visible
– Nucleolus disappears
– Nuclear membrane disappears
![Page 11: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Phases of the Cell Cycle
• Metaphase
– Mitotic spindle fully formed
– Centromeres of chromosomes at “cell equator”
Metaphase Anaphase
How many
chromosomes
are in this
cell?_____
How many
chromosomes
are in this
cell?_____
![Page 12: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Metaphase Anaphase
How many
chromosomes
are in this
cell?_____
How many
chromosomes
are in this
cell?_____
Pair of centrioles Spindle fibers
![Page 13: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Phases of the Cell Cycle
• Anaphase
– Sister chromatids of each replicated
chromosome separate creating identical
daughter chromosomes
Metaphase Anaphase
![Page 14: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Phases of the Cell Cycle
• Telophase
– Daughter chromosomes at opposite poles
– Cytokinesis begins
Animal Cell Cytokinesis Plant Cell Cytokinesis
![Page 15: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Cell Cycle
Interphase and Mitosis
Cytokinesis: The division of cytoplasm
Interphase
Mitosis
![Page 16: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The Human Life Cycle
![Page 17: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
+
Sperm Egg
Zygote
N = ___ N = ___
Haploid Haploid Diploid: N = ___
2 2
4
B b
B
b
B = Brown Eyes b = Blue Eyes
Fertilization Creates Diploid Cells
![Page 18: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Meiosis: The Production of Eggs and Sperm
• Somatic Cells: Typical body cells
– _____ Chromosomes
– _____ Pair of homologous chromosomes
– Diploid
• Gametes or Sex Cells: Eggs and sperm
– _____ Chromosomes
– Haploid
![Page 19: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Meiosis Reduces the
Chromosome Number in Half
![Page 20: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Meiosis Is a Source of
Genetic Variation Homologue
inherited from
dad
Homologue
inherited
from mom
Homologous
chromosomes
exchanged pieces
Crossing Over
![Page 21: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Crossing Over
![Page 22: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Meiosis is a Source of Genetic Variation
Independent Assortment of Chromosomes
![Page 24: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Apoptosis:
Programmed Cell Death
What might damage DNA? G0 is an
extended
resting
period.
(The cell is committed to divide if it
passes this checkpoint)
(The cell performs
its functions but
does not divide.)
Interphase
Interphase Interphase
Mitosis
![Page 28: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Division
• Benign Tumors
– Encapsulated
• Malignant Tumors
– Invasive
– Cells may leave the tumor and spread throughout the body
• Metastases
– Cells that leave a tumor and spread throughout the body
forming new tumors at distant sites
![Page 29: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Angiogenesis:
The formation
of new blood
vessels that
bring oxygen
And nutrients to
a cancerous
tumor.
![Page 30: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Prevention of Cancer
• Lung Cancer
• Skin Cancer
• Colon Cancer
![Page 32: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Lecture 10...The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis ... Chromosomes and Chromatin](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062603/5f02e4eb7e708231d40689be/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
p53: A gene that plays a key role in the G1 Checkpoint of Cell Division
(Apoptosis)