the cell cycle brought to you by:. today’s lesson is brought to you by the letter c and the...
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The Cell Cycle
Brought to you by:
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Today’s Lesson
Is brought to you by the letter C
And the numbers 23 and 46
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Important Vocabulary
• Chromatin: Long, tangled strands of DNA found in the cell nucleus during Interphase
• Chromosomes: Structures that carry the genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation of cells. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes; 46 total chromosomes
• Chromatids: Chromosomes duplicate during S phase and are attached by a centromere. The two copies are called chromatids.
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Chromatids & Centromere
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Vocab. Continued . . .
• Centromere: Cell structure that joins the two chromatids.
• Homologous Chromosomes: Paired chromosomes with genes for the same traits, structure and function. Humans have 23 Homologous Chromosomes.
• Parent Cell: Original cell in interphase, before division occurs.
• Daughter Cell: Cells produced from parent cell at the end of the cell cycle.
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Cell Cycle
• Made up of 3 Phases– Interphase
– Mitosis
– Cytokenesis
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Interphase
• Cell spends 90% of its lifetime in interphase
• G1 phase: cell grows
• S phase: DNA (chromosomes) replicate
• G2 phase: cell prepares to divide
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Mitosis
• Occurs AFTER interphase is finished
• Consists of 4 phases:– Prophase– Metaphase– Anaphase – Telophase
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Prophase
• Early – chromatin coil up and become chromosomes. Each crhomosomes is made up of 2 identical parts called chromatids joined by a centromere
• Mid – nuclear envelope begins to disappear
• Late – nuclear envelope gone and centrioles move towards poles as spindles form.
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Metaphase
• Early – centrioles at poles and spindle fibers attach to centromeres of chromosomes
• Mid – chromosomes in the process of lining up along the equator of the cell
• Late – chromosomes lined up along equator of cell.
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Anaphase
• Early – Centromeres split apart as spindles bring chromatid pairs towards opposite poles
• Mid – chromatids moving closer to opposite poles
• Late – chromatids at opposite poles
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Telophase
• Early – Nuclear envelope begins to form
• Late – 2 distinct daughter cells are formed
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Can you guess what my favorite phase is?
Telly – phase!
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Cytokenesis
• Cytoplasm divides• IN PLANTS: cell plate forms between cells,
cell membrane forms around each side of cell plate, and cell wall forms around membrane
• IN ANIMALS: cell membrane pinches off between old and new cell, creating 2 separate cells
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Let’s count how many daughter cells come from 1 parent cell!
1. . . . 2. . . . . 2 daughter cells!