THE CASE:THE CASE:An individual works with the police to identify criminals. An individual works with the police to identify criminals.

Her/his help is invaluable even when she/he hasn’t Her/his help is invaluable even when she/he hasn’t witnessed a crime. Many of the criminals shehe identifies witnessed a crime. Many of the criminals shehe identifies are never caught, but the police continue to ask this are never caught, but the police continue to ask this individual for help. Coincidentally, the individual’s first individual for help. Coincidentally, the individual’s first name describes what she/he does to help the police.name describes what she/he does to help the police.

THE MYSTERY:THE MYSTERY:What is the individual’s first name and what is her/his What is the individual’s first name and what is her/his occupation?occupation?

THE MYSTERY:What is the individual’s first

name and what is his occupation?CLUES:CLUES:

The individual’s name is not unusual.The individual’s name is not unusual.The individual is on the police payroll.The individual is on the police payroll.The individual works with his hands and listens carefully The individual works with his hands and listens carefully to what other people have to say.to what other people have to say.The individual is a trained professional, but also draws on The individual is a trained professional, but also draws on natural talent.natural talent.The individual might share her/his name with the whole The individual might share her/his name with the whole department.department.The individual has a 3 letter name.The individual has a 3 letter name.

YOU!

Locard’s Principle

In forensic science, Locard's principle holds that the In forensic science, Locard's principle holds that the perpetrator of a crime will bring something into the crime perpetrator of a crime will bring something into the crime scene and leave with something from it, and that both can scene and leave with something from it, and that both can be used as forensic evidence. be used as forensic evidence.

Dr. Edmond Locard (13 December 1877 – 4 May 1966) Dr. Edmond Locard (13 December 1877 – 4 May 1966) was a pioneer in forensic science who became known as was a pioneer in forensic science who became known as the Sherlock Holmes of France. He formulated the basic the Sherlock Holmes of France. He formulated the basic principle of forensic science: "Every contact leaves a principle of forensic science: "Every contact leaves a trace".trace".

The Silent Witness….

""Wherever he steps, whatever he touches, whatever he leaves, even Wherever he steps, whatever he touches, whatever he leaves, even unconsciously, will serve as a silent witness against him. Not only his unconsciously, will serve as a silent witness against him. Not only his fingerprints or his footprints, but his hair, the fibers from his clothes, fingerprints or his footprints, but his hair, the fibers from his clothes, the glass he breaks, the tool mark he leaves, the paint he scratches, the the glass he breaks, the tool mark he leaves, the paint he scratches, the blood or semen he deposits or collects. blood or semen he deposits or collects.

All of these and more, bear mute witness against him. This is evidence All of these and more, bear mute witness against him. This is evidence that does not forget. It is not confused by the excitement of the that does not forget. It is not confused by the excitement of the moment. It is not absent because human witnesses are. It is factual moment. It is not absent because human witnesses are. It is factual evidence. evidence.

Physical evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot perjure itself, it cannot Physical evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot perjure itself, it cannot be wholly absent. Only human failure to find it, study and understand be wholly absent. Only human failure to find it, study and understand it, can diminish its value."it, can diminish its value."

First On The Scene

Aim:Aim: How does Locard’s Principle How does Locard’s Principle Apply to the Crime Scene?Apply to the Crime Scene?

Ripples in a pond are like traces left at the scene of a crime, they are produced as a consequence of an

action. They can be far-reaching and often misleading. The scientist must interpret them

correctly for their true significance.

The exchange of materials between two objects that come into contact with one another.

Every Contact Leaves a Trace

““Every Contact Leaves a Trace.”Every Contact Leaves a Trace.”

Sir Edmond Locard (1877-1966)Sir Edmond Locard (1877-1966) Sherlock Holmes of FranceSherlock Holmes of France Created a very simple idea, that while Created a very simple idea, that while

obvious to us now, was (and still is) quite obvious to us now, was (and still is) quite powerful to the science of Forensics.powerful to the science of Forensics.

Being able to find the “trace” is only limited Being able to find the “trace” is only limited by our abilities, knowledge, and degree of by our abilities, knowledge, and degree of refinement of techniques & equipment.refinement of techniques & equipment.

Forensic Science: can be defined as any science as it relates to law. Because of this, any science can be a “Forensic” science.

1.1. Crime Scene Processing ProtocolCrime Scene Processing Protocol

2.2. Great care must be taken in order Great care must be taken in order not to contaminate the crime scene.not to contaminate the crime scene.

3.3. Locard’s Exchange principle state Locard’s Exchange principle state that:that:

When a person has contact with When a person has contact with someone or something, that person someone or something, that person always leaves something behind. It always leaves something behind. It may be a hair or a skin cell, but may be a hair or a skin cell, but something is there.something is there.

Basics of crime scene processing:

1. INTERVIEW1. INTERVIEW 2. EXAMINE2. EXAMINE 3. PHOTOGRAPH3. PHOTOGRAPH 4. SKETCH4. SKETCH 5. PROCESS5. PROCESS

Interview:Interview: The crime scene The crime scene technician must interview the technician must interview the first officer at the scene or first officer at the scene or the victim to ascertain the the victim to ascertain the "theory" of the case. "theory" of the case.

Examine:Examine: Examine the Examine the scene to identify possible scene to identify possible items of evidentiary nature, items of evidentiary nature, identify point of entry and identify point of entry and point of exit, and getting the point of exit, and getting the general layout of the crime general layout of the crime scene. scene.

Photograph:Photograph: Photographing the crime Photographing the crime scene to record a pictorial scene to record a pictorial view of what the scene view of what the scene looks like and to record looks like and to record items of possible evidence. items of possible evidence. Crime scene photographs Crime scene photographs are generally taken in two are generally taken in two categories, overall views categories, overall views and items of evidence. and items of evidence.

Sketch:Sketch: A rough sketch is A rough sketch is completed by the crime completed by the crime scene technician to scene technician to demonstrate the layout of demonstrate the layout of the crime scene or to the crime scene or to identify the exact position identify the exact position of the deceased victim or of the deceased victim or evidence within the crime evidence within the crime scene. scene.

Process:Process: The crime scene The crime scene technician will process the technician will process the crime scene for evidence, crime scene for evidence, both physical and both physical and testimonial evidence. It is testimonial evidence. It is the crime scene technicians the crime scene technicians responsibility to identify, responsibility to identify, evaluate and collect evaluate and collect physical evidence from the physical evidence from the crime scene for further crime scene for further analysis by a crime analysis by a crime laboratory.laboratory.

Chain of Custody (evidence):An unbroken chain of events regarding all evidence collected. This includes the location of all evidence from the time collected until submitted in court as well as the person responsible for the evidence.1.1.

Chain of Custody1. 1. Do not move anythingDo not move anything

2. Take measurements in order to 2. Take measurements in order to complete a detailed, scaled sketch. complete a detailed, scaled sketch. Include the scale on the drawingInclude the scale on the drawing

3. Record the evidence you would 3. Record the evidence you would like to see in the future. You may like to see in the future. You may label any evidence with a note card label any evidence with a note card or record the number if a note card or record the number if a note card is already in place.is already in place.

4. Request additional photographs.4. Request additional photographs.5. Be aware of EVERYTHING. Use 5. Be aware of EVERYTHING. Use

your best skills of observationyour best skills of observation

Personnel Duties & Responsibilities Team LeaderTeam Leader

Assumes control at scene, conducts initial walk-Assumes control at scene, conducts initial walk-through, determines search patterns, designates through, determines search patterns, designates individuals for jobsindividuals for jobs

PhotographerPhotographer Sketch ArtistSketch Artist Evidence Recorder & CustodianEvidence Recorder & Custodian

Maintain logs & proper packagingMaintain logs & proper packaging SpecialistsSpecialists

Forensic Anthropologist - Blood Spatter Analyst Forensic Anthropologist - Blood Spatter Analyst Bomb Technician - Medical Examiner - Entomologist - Bomb Technician - Medical Examiner - Entomologist -

Odontologist - Engineer - Latent Print Examiner Odontologist - Engineer - Latent Print Examiner - Ballistics - Arson - Ballistics - Arson - Impression Expert- Impression Expert