The Canadian Efforts on the Expeditious

Integration of Alternative Fuels including

Biofuels in Aviation

Wajid Ali Chishty National Research Council Canada

with contributions from:

Ted McDonald, Transport Canada, Jorin Mamen, BioFuelNet Canada and

Sylvain Cofsky, GARDN

October 20, 2015

• Aviation supports 8% global GDP; provides rapid transportation

for about 3 billion people and over 40 mT cargo annually

• Aviation fuel usage

Represents 2% of global fuel burnt and 12% of transportation fuel

consumption

250 b-lit in 2009; 280 b-lit in 2013; 450 ~ 550 b-lit predicted by 2035 (x3

in 2050)

Responsible for ~40% of airlines’ operational cost

• Responsible for 3% of all radiative forcing. With air traffic growth

of 5% per year in future, percentage contribution of radiative

forcing may climb to ~ 10%

• CO2 levels/predictions 632 mT in 2009

705 mT in 2013

1138 - 1389 mT predicted in 2035 (x3 in 2050)

The Aviation Industry – Contribution to

GHG and Air Pollutions

3

• Visible and highly regulated industry

• Volatility of jet fuel pricing

• Carbon trading and similar schemes

• Carbon Neutral growth by 2020

relative to 2005 – will require 30% of

civil aviation fuel from renewable

sources

• 50% CO2 reductions by 2050

compared to 2005 – will require 75%

of civil aviation fuel from renewable

sources

• Eco-fuels benefits:

Potential for 65-80% reduction in GHG

Use on both existing and future aircraft

Why Aviation Cares for Eco-Fuels?

4

catalytic upgrading alcohol

Alternative Jet Fuel Pathways

lipid-based fuels carbohydrate-based fuels

camelina,

algae, etc.

hydroprocessing

sugar cane, etc. lignocellulosic biomass

saccharification

Thermal-

catalytic or

pyrolysis Gasification/

reforming

sugars syngas

bagasse

fermentation

HEFA

Annex A2 DSHC/SIP

Annex A3

ATJ

Task

Force

SK, SAK

Task Force

HDCJ

Task Force

FT-SPK

Annex A1

coal, natural gas

Catalytic

Hydrothermolysis

lipids

CH

Task

Force

bio-oil

FT-SKA

Task Force July 2011

ARA June 2014 SPK

SKA

GEVO, Cobalt/USN, UOP, LanzaTech,

Swed Biofuels

Byogy, LanzaTech,

Swed Biofuels

Virent KiOR, UOP

SASOL, Rentech

Sept 2009

Crude oil

Co-Procss’d

Task Force

Chevron, BP, Phillips66

Certification Status of Alternative Fuels

Bombardier Aerospace

• Q400 world’s first turboprop aircraft to fly on biofuel

Porter Airlines

• First revenue flight in Canada on biofuel from Montreal to Ottawa

• Flew ICAO Secretary General on bio-fuelled flight from Montreal to Toronto en-route Rio+20 conference

Air Canada

• Flew ICAO Secretary General on bio-fuelled flight from Toronto to Mexico en-route Rio+20 conference

• Flies athletes to London from Montreal Olympic 2012

Royal Canadian Air Force

• Canadian Hercules C-130

National Research Council Canada

• World’s first “unblended” 100% biofuel flight

Canadian Biofuel Flights

Support from Four Corners of

Canadian Research & Deployment

Landscape

7

Research & Technology

Organizations Industry

Regulatory

Agencies

Academia

• Microbiology

Identification of high yield algae strains

Development of algae harvesting technologies

Identification and demonstration of scalable technologies

Development of high yielding GM crops

• Biotechnology

Development of bio chemicals and high-value bio products

Development of alternative bio oil pathways

• Bio-Fuels’ Performance Testing

Engine qualification testing

Components and fuel system modification

Material and coating compatibility assessment

Emissions assessments

• Conversion of Biomass

Development of efficient bio-reactors

Development of efficient methodologies for dewatering, drying and lipid extraction

Feed

sto

ck

Co

nve

rsio

n

Va

lid

ati

on

NRC Biofuels Activities

8

Seed-to-Sky Partnership

Takes Flight to Create History

9

GE F404:

> Fleet qualification for RCAF F18 aircraft

> Performance, durability & emissions testing

> FT fuel (50-50)

RR-Allison T56:

> Fleet qualification for RCAF CC130 aircraft

> Performance, durability & emissions testing

> HEFA (50-50)

Microturbo TRS18:

> Systematic Alternative Fuels Evaluation (SAFE)

> Simulated altitude performance & emission testing

> Fully- & semi-synthetic FT & HEFA

GE CF700:

> Qualification testing for unblended 100% Falcon 20 flight

> Performance & emissions testing

> Fully-synthetic HEFA

Engine Qualification Testing

at NRC

Aviation Task Force

1. Biodiluent and Biojet Production and Use: Techno-Economics and

GHG Impacts – Queen’s University

2. Technology Scan and Benchmarking of Biomass to Jet Fuel Thermo-

Catalytic Conversion via Life Cycle Analysis - UBC

3. Macroalgae as a Viable Biomass for the Treatment of Wastewater and

Production of Biojet Fuel – Queen’s University

4. Particulate Matter/Soot Aerosol Formation Propensities and Thermal

Oxidative Stability of Biojet Fuels at Elevated Pressures – University of

Toronto

5. Evaluation of Domestic and International Policy Mechanisms to

Facilitate the Establishment of a Renewable Drop-In Aviation/Marine

Biofuel Supply Chain in Canada – UBC

6. Development of a Modelling Framework to Optimize Biojet Fuel Supply

Chains for Economic, Environmental and Social Goals Attainment –

McGill University

7. Canadian Supply Chain Initiative to Blend Biojet in Airport

Infrastructure – Waterfall Group

Biojet Research Packages

WHAT WE DO?

• We promote the development of green technologies

• We increase competitiveness of Canada’s Aerospace Industry

through the reduction of its environmental footprint.

HOW WE DO IT?

• By funding of precompetitive collaborative industrial R&D

projects.

WHY WE DO IT?

• To encourage : creativity, collaboration and investment

• To ensure that companies address the environmental impact

of their products and services along the entire life cycle.

QUIET

CLEAN

SUSTAINABLE

Green Aviation Research &

Development Network

Canada’s Biojet Supply Chain

Initiative: Enabling 2020

Carbon Neutral Growth

Objective:

Demonstrate the operational feasibility of biojet fuels in the

domestic jet fuel supply system, catalyze the development of

the domestic biojet sector by using HEFA biojet, validate

CND biojet supply chain elements, and generate hands-on

experience with biojet handling and integration to develop

best practices in a Canadian context.

Project Leader:

Partners:

1. Evaluation of Bio-SPK Production from new Canadian Feedstock Crop, Carinata.

2. Biologic and Process Technologies for Renewable Fuel

3. Assessment of Technology Maturation Pathways to Produce Biojet from Forest Residues

GARDN’s Continuous Funding

for Bio-fuel Projects

Objective:

To establish biofuel processes and properties, undertake fit-

for-purpose and component tests to address discrepancies

and perform engine tests to validate “drop-in” requirements.

Funding International

Collaboration

Partners:

Project Leader:

• Ensures a safe, secure, efficient and environmentally responsible Canadian transportation system

Assess safety, security and economic implications in proposed environmental measures

• Regulates all emissions from the aviation, marine and rail sectors – leads Canadian participation and involvement at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO)

• Removes barriers to enable take-up of clean technologies – e.g., modernized and harmonized codes, standards, test protocols, targeted incentives, research

Transport Canada

Responsibilities

• Aviation Impacts on the Global Climate

Aviation Emissions Impacts in the Arctic (FAA)

New ICAO aircraft CO2 metric (PARTNER/ASCENT)

• Aviation Impacts on Air Quality

Cdn measurement technology for new ICAO nvPM standard and

methodology (link with PARTNER/ASCENT,GARDN)

Airport Carbon and Emissions Reporting Tool (ACI)

• Aviation Alternative Fuels

Fuel, engine and flight testing (GARDN/NRC)

NASA ACCESS II program (NASA/FAA/NRC)

Cdn biojet value chain assessment (BFN/ASCENT)

Unleaded avgas testing (NRC/FAA)

Environmental Research

Priority Areas & Collaborations

• Continue to strengthen linkages

• Establish and expand linkages

Opportunities for Expanded

Collaborations

Questions? WAJID ALI CHISHTY

Program Leader

National Research Council Canada

Tel: (613) 993-2731

wajid.chishty@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca

www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca www.tc.gc.ca

www.gardn.org www.biofuelnet.ca www.criaq.aero