(the c-v-c spelling rule)
TRANSCRIPT
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Doubling(the C-V-C spelling rule)
a presentation by Rick Shur
LaGuardia Community College
Credit ESL Dept.
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The following end in C-V-C
• run
• skip
• swim
• prod
• slug
• bar
• big
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There are two kinds of letters...
• Vowels • Consonants
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5 Vowels
aeiou
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21 Consonants
b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z
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C-V-C endings
• r (consonant)
• u (vowel)
• n (consonant)
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• s
• k (consonant)
• i (vowel)
• p (consonant)
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• s
• w (consonant)
• i (vowel)
• m (consonant)
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• p
• r (consonant)
• o (vowel)
• d (consonant)
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• s
• l (consonant)
• u (vowel)
• g (consonant)
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• b (consonant)
• a (vowel)
• r (consonant)
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• b (consonant)
• i (vowel)
• g (consonant)
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If you add...
• ing• er• est• ed
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to a ONE-syllable word ending in
consonant - vowel - consonant
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double the last letter
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• base form + ing er ed est
• run runnning runnner
• skip skippping skippper skippped
• swimswimmming swimmmer
• prod proddding proddder proddded
• slug sluggging sluggger sluggged
• bar barrring barrred
• big bigggerbigggest
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if you are adding these endingsto a TWO-syllable word ending
in
consonant - vowel - consonant
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double the last letter
only if
the LAST syllable
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has the STRESS
(the stressed syllable
is the loud, accented
one)
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The following end in C-V-C
with the stress at the end(on the LAST syllable)
• begin
• prefer• repel
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The following end in C-V-C
• listen
• offer
• travel
They DO NOT have the stresson the LAST syllable!
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• begin beginnning
beginnner
• prefer preferrring
preferrred
• repel repellling repellled
DOUBLE
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DON’TDOUBLE
• listen listening listened
• offer offering offered
• travel traveling traveled
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(Okay, you will see travellled and travellling in the dictionary, too.This is an exception to the doubling rule.
You can double final l
if you want to
even if the stress is not at the END!)
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Now, you decide...
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DOUBLEorDON’T DOUBLE?
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forget + ing
forget ends in g e t
and the stress is at the end…
forget
forget ingtt
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SO YOU DOUBLE!
try this one...
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target + ing
target ends in g e t
and the stress is at the beginning…
target
targeting
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SO YOU DON’T DOUBLE!
targeting
targeted
targeter
try this one...
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control + ed
control ends in r o l
and the stress is at the end…
control
control edll
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SO YOU DOUBLE!
controlling
controlled
controller
try this one...
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shop + er
shop ends in h o p and it’sonly ONE syllable!
shoppper
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SO YOU DOUBLE!
try this one...
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shop + ed
shop ends in h o p and it’sonly ONE syllable!
shoppped
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SO YOU DOUBLE!
remember…
You double before ing,
but also before ed, er, est!
shopping hugging slimming
shopped hugged slimmed
shopper hugger slimmer
try this one...
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bum + er
bum ends in b u m(that’s the whole word!)
and it’sonly ONE syllable!
bummmer
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SO YOU DOUBLE!
(If you got that one wrong,
I hope you’re not bummmed out,
I don’t enjoy bummming people out!)
try this one...
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step + ing
step ends in t e p
and it’sonly ONE syllable!
steppping
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step + ed
step ends in t e p and it’sonly ONE syllable!
step edpp
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SO YOU DOUBLE!(Did you remember?You double for ing
and also foreder
est)
steppingstepped
try this one...
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step + er
step ends in t e p and it’sonly ONE syllable!
steppper(a “high steppper” is a dancer)
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You’re gettting the idea now!
(I hope.)
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sleep + ing
sleep ends in e e p
and that’s NOTC V C!!!(it’s V V C)
sleeping
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SO YOU DON’T DOUBLE!
try this one...
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work + er
work ends in o r k
and that’s NOTC V C!!! it’s V C C
worker
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SO YOU DON’T DOUBLE!
try this one...
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sleep + ed
slept
It’s irregular!
(I just wanted to make sure you weren’t sleeping!)
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write + ing
write ends in i t e and that’s NOTC V C!!!
writeing
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For write
You just drop
the final e
and add the ending,
and DON’T DOUBLE!
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drop the final e
• write
• writ (drop the final e)
• writing (ading the ing and DON’T double)
• double
• doubl (drop the final e)
• doubling (add the ing and DON’T double)
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try this one...
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hope + ing
write ends in o p e
and that’s NOTC V C!!! (Just drop thefinal e!)
hopeing
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I’m hoping you got that one right!
Did you?
Try this...
• hope
• hop (drop the final e)
• hoping (add the ing and DON’T double)
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hop + ing
(Hop means to jumplike a bunny rabbit.
I hope you understand the word hop.)
hop ends in h o p and that ISC V C!!!
hop pping
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SO YOU DOUBLE!hoppinghoppedhopper
I’m hoping that you’re hoppping up and down with joy!
Are you?
Try this...
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show + ed
New rule!
NEVER DOUBLE a w!
showed
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mix + ing
Another exception!
NEVER DOUBLE an x!
mixing
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pay + ing
One more exception!
Never double a y!
paying
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Three exceptions!
Never double a w!
Never double an x!
Never double a y!
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(Did you know that they callthe Wthe “double-u”because in the original Latinwriting systemthe u and the v were the sameletter?Some languages call itthe “double-v”!Am I boring you?)
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One more strange exception!
The qu combination
acts together like one Consonant
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SO...
quit quittting quittter
equip equippping equippped
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That’s enough to chew onfor the moment.
Your teacher will be givving you
some handouts for practiccing all of this.
You should start writting immediately.
While you’re answerring the questions,
I hope you’ll be thinkking hard
as you’re workking. You’ll be showwing
that you were payying attention,
and you won’t be makking mistakes
like the ones appearring here.