The Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire and Russiaand Russia

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire

►ObjectivesObjectives Identify the factors that contributed to the Identify the factors that contributed to the

growth & strength of the Byzantine Empiregrowth & strength of the Byzantine Empire Explain how the Christian church came to Explain how the Christian church came to

be dividedbe divided Analyze the cultural contributions made by Analyze the cultural contributions made by

the Byzantinesthe Byzantines Explain the factors that contributed to the Explain the factors that contributed to the

down fall of the Byzantine Empiredown fall of the Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire

Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire► Strong/Centralized GovernmentStrong/Centralized Government► Officials were skilled, efficient, well paidOfficials were skilled, efficient, well paid► Created alliances through marriagesCreated alliances through marriages► Military forces well trained, Military forces well trained,

weapons/armor well designedweapons/armor well designed Greek FireGreek Fire- chemical weapon of the - chemical weapon of the

Navy, liquid that burst into flamesNavy, liquid that burst into flames► Constantinople Constantinople

Capitol, heart of Byzantine Capitol, heart of Byzantine government, religion, culturegovernment, religion, culture

location allowed control of sea trade location allowed control of sea trade routes between Europe and Asiaroutes between Europe and Asia

Byzantine Culture

► Architecture Built the Hagia Sophia…a church Byzantines were the 1st to solve the issue of putting a

dome over a rectangular building

The Byzantine EmpireThe Byzantine Empire► Justinian and TheodoraJustinian and Theodora

Greatest rulers of the Greatest rulers of the Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire

Conquered and reunited Conquered and reunited parts of Western Roman parts of Western Roman Empire to Byzantine Empire to Byzantine Empire Empire

After Nika Revolt – began After Nika Revolt – began building program that building program that made Constantinople the made Constantinople the richest, most beautiful city richest, most beautiful city in the worldin the world

The Byzantine Empire - The Byzantine Empire - JustinianJustinian

► Justinian Justinian Ordered collection and Ordered collection and

organization of all Roman organization of all Roman manuscripts and lawsmanuscripts and laws

Published book called the Published book called the Digest which Digest which summarized Roman legal summarized Roman legal opinionsopinions

Established Law Established Law Institutes- to teach and Institutes- to teach and guide for law studentsguide for law students

Byzantine EmpireByzantine Empire► Justinian Code was a collection of Roman Justinian Code was a collection of Roman

lawslaws Justinian’s greatest achievement Justinian’s greatest achievement Formed basis of Byzantine lawFormed basis of Byzantine law Provided framework for many European Provided framework for many European

legal systemslegal systems Preserved Roman idea that people Preserved Roman idea that people

should be ruled by laws, not by leaders should be ruled by laws, not by leaders whimswhims

Byzantine Empire - TheodoraByzantine Empire - Theodora

► Co-Ruler/Wife of JustinianCo-Ruler/Wife of Justinian► Encouraged Justinian to Encouraged Justinian to

increase women's rightsincrease women's rights► Altered divorce laws, Altered divorce laws,

allowed Christian women allowed Christian women to own propertyto own property

► Abolish the executions of Abolish the executions of women caught in adultery women caught in adultery

► Created safe houses for Created safe houses for former prostitutes former prostitutes

Byzantine Empire - TheodoraByzantine Empire - Theodora

►Greatest Moment Greatest Moment Theodora’s Theodora’s courageous courageous speech saved speech saved their throne their throne and ended the and ended the Nika revoltNika revolt

The Christian ChurchRoman Catholic

Eastern Orthodox

Clergy No Married Priests Married Priest allowed

Icons No icons allowedIcons rejected at first then later accepted

Leadership

Roman Pope was supreme church

authority

Patriarch of Constantinople

TrinityAccepted Holy

Trinity

Believed God the Father was more

important than the Son or Holy Spirit

The Christian Church► Two united parts to Christian Church – Western Roman

Catholic + Eastern Greek Orthodox

► The Great Schism, A.D. 1054

► Iconoclastic Controversy was a battle about the use of

icons between Western Roman Catholics who were against

icons and Eastern Greek Orthodox followers who were

icons

► Main disagreement – Who rules Christian Church, the Pope

from Rome or the Patriarch from Constantinople

The Decline of the Byzantine Empire

► After Justinian died the empire was weakened and taken

over by various groups from different locations

The Seljuiq Turks capture of Asia Minor affected the

empire because it was a source for food and soldiers.

Western Roman Empire helped regain Constantinople

but later captured the city during the Crusade Era

► The Byzantine Empire fell, was conquered by the

Ottoman Turks when the Constantinople fell in A.D.

1453.

The Rise of Russia►Objectives

Describe how Byzantine missionaries - sent to

the city of Kiev – brought Orthodox Christianity

and Byzantine culture to Russia

Describe how the Mongols [Golden Horde]

influenced how Russia rulers ruled

Describe Ivan the Great incorporated Byzantine

customs and traditions in his government

Geography of Russia

► Ural Mountains serve as a border between Europe and Asia

► The steppe covers the southern part of the great plains of Russia

► Rivers crisscross the plain to provide transportation

► Eastern Europe primarily populated by the Slavs

► Volga River and valley – location of first Russia cities - Kiev

Kievan Russia► Cities of Kiev and

Novgorod lie along the Viking trade route

► City of Kiev prospered- location as trade route between Constantinople and the Baltic Sea

► Kiev served as the capital of Russian Empire for 300 years

Kievan Religion► Missionaries from the Byzantine

Empire brought Christianity to the area

► Vladimir I- 1st Russian ruler to convert to Christianity

► Ordered Kievan Russia to become Eastern Greek Orthodox Christian NOT

Western Roman Catholic Christian► Russia’s religious writings,

singing, art, and architecture dominated

by Byzantine Empire’s culture

Byzantine Culture► Cyril and Methodius

[Byzantine Missionaries] created the Cyrillic alphabet to teach the Bible to Slavs

► Byzantine Art copied by Russians Religion was the main

subject Murals, Paintings, icons, and

mosaics Location of image important Helped people look toward

the afterlife

Russia and the Mongols

►Objectives

Identify the ways in which Mongol rule

affected Kievan Russia.

Describe the effects of Moscow’s growing

power and independence.

Attacks on Kiev

► Reasons for decline

Declined due to infighting among Kievan rulers

Competition with Italian city-states that

developed new trade routes

The sacking of Kiev by various Russian rulers

Mongol Invasion – the Golden Horde conquered

Russia

Kievan under the Mongols► Ruled from 1240 to about 1500

► Mongols [called Golden Horde] Gained wealth by taxing heavily

► Used peasants for labor for projects

► Mongol [Golden Horde] influence

Built roads to improve transportation

Customs, traditions, behavior, and some language entered Russian Society

How the Mongols ruled Russia was copied by later Russian Rulers – centralized, absolute power in hands of one ruler

Moscow – “Third Rome” Moscow – “Third Rome”

► Became the center of the Orthodox Church after the Became the center of the Orthodox Church after the

fall of Constantinople in A.D. 1453fall of Constantinople in A.D. 1453

► Made Russia more like the Byzantine EmpireMade Russia more like the Byzantine Empire

► Elaborate dome churches and other types of Elaborate dome churches and other types of

Byzantine architectureByzantine architecture

► Ivan the Great - thought churches would inspire Ivan the Great - thought churches would inspire

people & make Russia the spiritual light to the whole people & make Russia the spiritual light to the whole

world.world.

Rise of MoscowRise of Moscow► Prince Ivan I or Ivan the GreatPrince Ivan I or Ivan the Great► Head of the Orthodox Church moved to Head of the Orthodox Church moved to

capitol of Russia from Kiev to Moscowcapitol of Russia from Kiev to Moscow► Ivan the Great Ivan the Great

Took control and power away from Took control and power away from the Mongolsthe Mongols

Established independent state of Established independent state of RussiaRussia

Began absolute monarchy in RussiaBegan absolute monarchy in Russia Copied Byzantine government Copied Byzantine government

structure, customs, and traditionsstructure, customs, and traditions