Ian Kerr

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THE BUILDING OF THE BHOR GHAT RAILWAY INCLINE IN WESTERN INDIA IN THE MID-19TH CENTURYA CONSTRUÇÃO DO GRANDE DECLIVE DO CAMINHO DE FERRO EM BHOR GHAT, NA ÍNDIA OCIDENTAL, EM MEADOS DO SÉCULO XIX

Ian Kerr, (U. Manitoba, Canada Canadá)

Ian Kerr is senior scholar in the University of Manitoba (Canada) and Professorial Research Associate in the Department of History, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (U.K.). He published several books of reference about the construction and impact of railways in India.

Ian Kerr é Senior Scholar no Departamento de História, Universidade de Manitoba (Canada) e professor as-sociado e investigador no Departamento de História, Escola de Estudos Orientais e Africanos, Universidade de Londres. Publicou vários livros sobre a construção e impacto dos caminhos de ferro na Índia.

Abstract ResumoThe successful construction, 1856-1863, of the Bhor Ghat railway incline to carry the southeastern line of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR) through the !"#$ $%&'()*"(%"!+),-.%()/.()&+")&0)%-")1&(%)2$03#'4%)0".%()&0)1$2567%-)#"+%'!8)

engineering The end result was a pivotal development in the history of Britain?s Indian Empire. The formidable 15 mile incline with a 1 in 37 gradient in its steepest .!".9).+2).)!":"!($+;)("#%$&+)%&)-.+24")%-")1&(%)2$03#'4%)(%!"%#-)/.() !"#"2"2)<8)

arduous surveys and succeeded by considerable repair work because of landslips and collapsed structures. Indian workers in tens of thousands up to an average daily maximum of 40,000 men, women and children in 1860 and 1861 were required. The death toll (some 25,000) from diseases and accidents was enormous, and the abili-ties (organizational and technical) and endurance of the supervising engineers were stretched to their utmost.

O sucesso da construção do caminho de ferro de Bhor Ghat (1856-1863), com uma grande inclinação, para passagem da linha sudeste da Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR) através dos precipícios de Western Ghats, foi um dos feitos mais

Railroads in historical context: construction, costs and consequences

"##!

2$0=#"$()2.)"+;"+-.!$.)2&)(>#'4&)?@?A)B)!"('4%.2&)3+.4)0&$)'1)2"("+:&4:$1"+%&)0'+-damental na história do Império Britânico na Índia. A formidável inclinação, com 15 milhas, e um gradiente de 1 em 37 na sua área mais inclinada, e com uma secção para inversão na passagem mais difícil, foi precedida por levantamentos árduos e exigiu consideráveis trabalhos de reparação, devido aos constantes deslizamentos de terras e ao colapso de estruturas. Foram necessários dezenas de milhares de trabalhadores indianos, com uma média diária máxima de 40 mil homens, mulheres e crianças, entre 1860 e 1861. O número de mortos, quer por acidentes como por doença, foi enorme (cerca de 25 mil), e as competências (técnicas e organizacio-nais) e resistência dos supervisores foram levadas aos limites.

Ian Kerr

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The building of the Bhor Ghat Railway

Incline in western India in the mid-19th

century

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