The bombing of MumbaiThe bombing of Mumbai

Javier Joel Yap Joel Tan

Map Of MumbaiMap Of Mumbai

Prime suspectPrime suspect A formerly unknown group, the A formerly unknown group, the Deccan MujahideenDeccan Mujahideen, ,

claimed responsibility for the attacks. claimed responsibility for the attacks. However, authorities believe that the However, authorities believe that the Deccan Deccan

MujahadeenMujahadeen is a front group for another organization. is a front group for another organization.

The Indian government believes that a terrorist group The Indian government believes that a terrorist group from Pakistan, possibly affiliated with Pakistani militant from Pakistan, possibly affiliated with Pakistani militant groups groups Lashkar-e-TaibaLashkar-e-Taiba and and Jaish-e-MohammedJaish-e-Mohammed, may , may be responsible. be responsible. Ajmal Amir Kamal was arrested at the Taj Hotel and has Ajmal Amir Kamal was arrested at the Taj Hotel and has

admitted to being part of the admitted to being part of the Lashkar-e-TaibaLashkar-e-Taiba..

Warned in advance…Warned in advance…The U.S. warned India security forces of a The U.S. warned India security forces of a

possible water-borne attack on two possible water-borne attack on two occasions. occasions.

The area of Mumbai went into a state of The area of Mumbai went into a state of alert for a week and tightened security alert for a week and tightened security measures, which eventually relaxed.measures, which eventually relaxed.

Mumbai attacks: 60 hours of Mumbai attacks: 60 hours of chaos and carnagechaos and carnage

For three nights, a small group of Islamic militants For three nights, a small group of Islamic militants managed to transform India's economic capital into a war managed to transform India's economic capital into a war zone, killing indiscriminately and hunting foreign zone, killing indiscriminately and hunting foreign hostages while holding off crack commandos.hostages while holding off crack commandos.

At least a At least a dozendozen attackers slipped into Mumbai by sea attackers slipped into Mumbai by sea on 26/11/08 evening, having been dropped off near the on 26/11/08 evening, having been dropped off near the coast by a larger ship.coast by a larger ship.

At least seven high-profile locations were hit in India's At least seven high-profile locations were hit in India's financial capital, including financial capital, including twotwo luxury luxury hotelshotels where where dozens of hostages are being held.dozens of hostages are being held.

OverviewOverview Terrorists sprayed bullets from automatic Terrorists sprayed bullets from automatic

weapons and hurled hand grenades at over a weapons and hurled hand grenades at over a dozen spots across the metropolis, including atdozen spots across the metropolis, including at Taj Mahal HotelTaj Mahal Hotel Oberoi HotelOberoi Hotel Victoria TerminusVictoria Terminus Vile ParleVile Parle Santa CruzSanta Cruz Worli and Leopold CafeWorli and Leopold Cafe

Taj Mahal HotelTaj Mahal Hotel

Before…After…Before…After…

In the end…In the end…The siege finally ended 60 hours later… The siege finally ended 60 hours later…

At least 195 dead…At least 195 dead…22 foreigners22 foreigners6 Americans 6 Americans

and 295 wounded.and 295 wounded.

In the end…In the end… The only gunman captured, Ajmal, said he The only gunman captured, Ajmal, said he

belonged to a Pakistani militant group with links belonged to a Pakistani militant group with links to the disputed Himalayan region of Kashmir.to the disputed Himalayan region of Kashmir.

The attack revealed the weakness of India's The attack revealed the weakness of India's security apparatus. security apparatus. India's top law enforcement official resigned, bowing India's top law enforcement official resigned, bowing

to growing criticism that the attackers appeared better to growing criticism that the attackers appeared better trained, better coordinated and better armed than trained, better coordinated and better armed than police. police.

Aftermath: Actions takenAftermath: Actions taken The attacks are commonly referred to in India as The attacks are commonly referred to in India as

"26/11”. "26/11”.

A commission of inquiry produced a report that was A commission of inquiry produced a report that was tabled before the assembly over one year after the tabled before the assembly over one year after the events. events.

The report said the attack was beyond the capacity of The report said the attack was beyond the capacity of any police force but it also found fault with the city any police force but it also found fault with the city Police Commissioner's lack of leadership during the Police Commissioner's lack of leadership during the crisis.crisis.

Aftermath: Actions takenAftermath: Actions taken The Maharashtra state government has planned to The Maharashtra state government has planned to

buy 36 speed boats and several helicopters to patrol buy 36 speed boats and several helicopters to patrol the coastal areas. the coastal areas.

It will also create an anti-terror force called "Force It will also create an anti-terror force called "Force One" and upgrade all the weapons that Mumbai One" and upgrade all the weapons that Mumbai police currently have.police currently have.

Impact on IndiaImpact on India Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh declared that legal Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh declared that legal

framework will be strengthened in the battle against framework will be strengthened in the battle against terrorism.terrorism.

A federal anti-terrorist intelligence and investigation A federal anti-terrorist intelligence and investigation agency will be set up soon to co-ordinate actions agency will be set up soon to co-ordinate actions against terrorism. against terrorism.

Government strengthened anti-terrorism laws by Government strengthened anti-terrorism laws by implementing implementing UAPA 2008UAPA 2008 and and federal National federal National Investigating AgencyInvestigating Agency was formed. was formed.

National Investigation Agency (NIA)National Investigation Agency (NIA)

NIA is a new federal agency approved to combat NIA is a new federal agency approved to combat terrorism in India. terrorism in India.

It was created after the Nov 2008 Mumbai terror It was created after the Nov 2008 Mumbai terror attacks as a need for a central agency to combat attacks as a need for a central agency to combat terrorism was realised.terrorism was realised.

The agency will be empowered to deal with The agency will be empowered to deal with terror related crimes across states without terror related crimes across states without special permission from the states.special permission from the states.

Impact on relationshipsImpact on relationships The attacks have further strained India's relationship The attacks have further strained India's relationship

with Pakistan. with Pakistan. External Affairs Minister External Affairs Minister Pranab MukherjeePranab Mukherjee declared that declared that

India may indulge in military strikes against terrorist camps India may indulge in military strikes against terrorist camps in Pakistan to protect its territory. in Pakistan to protect its territory.

There were also after effects on the United States’ There were also after effects on the United States’ relationships with both countries and also on the relationships with both countries and also on the Global War of TerrorGlobal War of Terror..

Global War of Terror(ism)Global War of Terror(ism) The Global War of Terror is the campaign The Global War of Terror is the campaign

launched by USA under the presidency of launched by USA under the presidency of George Bush, with the support of the United George Bush, with the support of the United Kingdom, NATO and other countries.Kingdom, NATO and other countries.

The campaign was launched in response to the The campaign was launched in response to the 9/11 attacks and had the stated objective of 9/11 attacks and had the stated objective of eliminating international terrorism.eliminating international terrorism.

President Barack Obama has stated that US is President Barack Obama has stated that US is at war with al-Qaeda.at war with al-Qaeda.

Impact on relationships: PakistanImpact on relationships: Pakistan

India has blamed the present attack on India has blamed the present attack on "elements" from Pakistan and Islamabad did "elements" from Pakistan and Islamabad did little to ease rising tensions.little to ease rising tensions.

The Pakistani president, The Pakistani president, Asif Ali ZardariAsif Ali Zardari, has , has condemned the attacks and his country's foreign condemned the attacks and his country's foreign minister, minister, Shah Mehmood QureshiShah Mehmood Qureshi, promised full , promised full cooperation, telling reporters in New Delhi,cooperation, telling reporters in New Delhi, "We are not responsible for this, nor is it in our "We are not responsible for this, nor is it in our

interest to get involved in something like this.”interest to get involved in something like this.”

Impact all over the worldImpact all over the world International reaction for the attacks was widespread, International reaction for the attacks was widespread,

with many countries and international organizations with many countries and international organizations condemning the attacks and expressing their condemning the attacks and expressing their condolences to the civilian victims. condolences to the civilian victims. Outgoing US President George Bush said, "We pledge the full Outgoing US President George Bush said, "We pledge the full

support of the United States as India investigates these attacks, support of the United States as India investigates these attacks, brings the guilty to justice and sustains its democratic way of brings the guilty to justice and sustains its democratic way of life." life."

Likewise, a spokesman for then President-elect Barack Obama Likewise, a spokesman for then President-elect Barack Obama said that Mr. Obama “strongly condemns today’s terrorist attacks said that Mr. Obama “strongly condemns today’s terrorist attacks in Mumbai and his thoughts and prayers are with the victims, in Mumbai and his thoughts and prayers are with the victims, their families and the people of India.”their families and the people of India.”

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