the bologna reform: beyond 3+2+3 prof. dr. konrad osterwalder rector, eth zürich
TRANSCRIPT
The Bologna Reform:Beyond 3+2+3
Prof. Dr. Konrad OsterwalderRector, ETH Zürich
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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Questions asked
Why did ETH decide for the Bologna Reform in the first place?
How did it prepare and organize the reform? Who was responsible for what?
Why did it decide for 3+2, how is the content of the programs structured?
How is the international cooperation and cooperation with the economy embedded in the policy of ETH?
Ect.
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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Bologna Reform: the main stages
I. Setting the European stage: Bologna, Salamanca
II. The national stage
1. the 12 Theses of the Rector’s Conference
2. The recommendations (academic)
3. The guidelines (political)
III. ETH
1. Defining the general strategy
2. The Bachelor Level
3. The graduate School: Master and PhD
4. Admission rules, changing the tracks
5. Exams and selection: new approaches
6. New teaching methods
7. Quality
8. Networking
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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The Bologna Reform
I. Setting the European Stage: Sorbonne/Bologna (1998/1999), Salamanca (2001)
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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Bologna Reform: Action Lines (Bologna)
1. Adoptation of a system of easily readable and comparable degrees
2. Adoptation of a system essentially based on two cycles
3. Establishment of a system of credits
4. Promotion of mobility
5. Promotion of European cooperation in Quality assurance
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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Bologna Reform: Action Lines (Prag, 2001)
6.Support of lifelong learning
7.Participation of students in HE institutions
8.Promotion of the attractiveness of the European Higher Education Area to students of Europe and other parts of the world
9.Taking account of the social dimension
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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The details
Adoption of a system essentially based on two main cycles, undergraduate and graduate. Access to the second cycle shall require successful completion of first cycle studies, lasting a minimum of three years. The degree awarded after the first cycle shall also be relevant to the European labour market as an appropriate level of qualification. The second cycle should lead to the master and/or doctorate degree as in many European countries.
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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Salamanca (March 30, 2001)
More than 500 representatives of European Universities
European universities [..] want to shape their own future in the new European context. They clearly expressed their will, their intention and their determination to take up the challenge of the Sorbonne/Bologna declaration and to be proactive in the process of building the European Higher Education Area, by 2010
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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Competition
Higher education institutions are willing to take the responsibility of operating in a competitive education arena, but this requires more real managerial autonomy (going beyond classical academic freedom), a flexible regulatory framework and fair financing.
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Freedom with responsibility
Universities as legal entities need autonomy in, and want to be held accountable for:
strategic planning, setting goals and priorities funds allocation
selection of partners, locally, nationally and internationally, in research and in teaching
selection of research areas definition of curricula management of human capital, in particular the hiring
the professors setting of admission rules for students.
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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Quality
Quality as underlying condition for trust relevance mobility compatibility attractiveness
in the European Higher Education Area
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Bs – Ms System
Higher education needs to be structured in such a way that after 3 - 4 years (or rather 180 - 240 ECTS credits) a student should be eligible for a Bachelor-type degree. This degree should either lead to immediate employment or provide preparation for further studies leading to a Master degree. Under certain circumstances a university may decide to structure a curriculum as a 5-year integrated (i.e. unbroken) programme leading directly to a Master-level degree
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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Employability
Employability in a university context means: A well developed imagination The ability to approach and to solve a problem
systematically and methodically applying substantial knowledge
The capacity to lead social processThe overall structure of university programs and each element thereof must be targeted towards the development of the above mentioned personal skills, while allowing for a great variety of curricular approaches and for competing course designs
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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The Bologna Reform
II. The national stage
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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Vision / GoalsOffering a future oriented top quality education
Rethinking curricula, teaching and learning Flexibility and transparency Quality assurance Mobility of students and staff
Competition for the best students Undergraduate level: mainly national Graduate level: international
Cooperation in networks, Alliances, (Fusions?) Arc Lémanique, Zürich, … TIME CLUSTER IDEA League
Institutional autonomy and responsibility
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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Principle
The academic side
takes the initiative is the process owner
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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II.1 The 12 Theses of the Rector‘s Conference (2000)
1. General approval of Bologna program2. Revision of the curricula, coordination at national
level3. Definition of cycles, duration4. Avoid parallelism (Diploma versus Master)5. Minimize prolongation of study times6. Determine additional costs
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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The 12 Theses of theRector‘s Conference (cont.)
7. Standard university qualification is Master8. Bachelor as intermediate degree (“hinge”)9. Ability to work in a profession versus
qualification for a profession10.Every institution defines its own admission
rules for the master programs11.Maintaining the two track system:
professional and academic12.Transfer from Universities of Applied Sciences
(HES): sur dossier
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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II.2. The Guidelines (political, binding)
Organization in three levels
Introduction of ECTS
Admission to the Master Level
Coordination of the titels
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II.3 The Recommendations of Rector’s conference: the 10 basic topics
1. Organization of studies 2. Performance based credit system3. Admission procedures4. Titles, Diploma Supplement5. Terminology6. Continuing Education7. Promoting mobility (study plans, financial and legal aspects)
8. Quality assurance and accreditation9. Promoting the European Dimension10.Social aspects (stipends, part time students, equal opportunities)
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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1. Organization of studies
Three cycle systemIntegrated Bachelor-Master ProgramsIntegrated Master-Doctoral Programs (graduate school)
Definition of profiles for Bs and Ms
Joint Master Programs (with HES?)
New learning and teaching habits (self-study, coaching, reading courses, etc.)
Whole programs in English
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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2. Performance based credit system
Credit points depend on • learning effort (30 hours/point on the average)• learning outcome: points are given for sufficient
performance only
Reform of the examination system (avoid killer topics)
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3. Admission Procedures
Bachelor level: same as now. Master Level: Minimal requirement defined in Directives CUS. For the rest: Universities are free.
Problems: •Admission of Bachelors from other Swiss Universities•Admission of Bachelors from HES
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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4. Titles, Diploma Supplement
Harmonization of TitlesProtection of TitlesNo further awarding of old titlesNo conversion of old titles
Name of awarding Institution as part of the title
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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5. Terminology
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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6. Continuing Education
New structuringAdmission rulesTitles and terminology
besides that: financial aspects
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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7. Promoting Mobility
Admission procedures to Master programs should promote mobility, not obstruct it: it should help to choose the appropriate program
Elimination of political obstacles (immigration)
Portability of grants
Scholarship programs
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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8. Quality assurance and Accreditation
Quality assurance is in the first place an obligation of every university
Accreditation still has to be established
Berlin: Ministers advocate the introduction of a European Register for Quality Assuranceand the cooperation between national accreditation agencies
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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9. Promoting the European Dimension
Curricular cooperation at European level
Erasmus World, joint Master and other graduate programs
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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10. Social aspects
•Grants and loans•Part time students•Equal opportunities
• Include the students and the staff in the reform
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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III. ETH
III.1 Defining the general strategy (Decisions by the bord of Management)
• Introducing the new model in stages: students already present finish according to old system, with Diploma
• Beginn of new system distributed over several years (completed BS in 2005, Ms in 2008)
• Limitation of study time: Bs < 5 years, Ms < 3 years
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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III.1 Defining the general strategy
•No credit point without proof of achievment (exam, paper, report on experiment, etc.)
•Part of teaching in English, at Ms level some curricula everything in English
•Diploma Supplement, including detailed Qualification Profiles
•Curricula determined by qualification profiles
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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Begin of Bachelor coursesStudiengang
WS 2001/02
WS 2002/03
WS 2003/04
WS 2004/05
WS 2005/06
Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnologie
Maschineningenieurwissenschaften
Materialwissenschaft
Chemie
Chemieingenieurwissenschaften
Bewegungswissenschaften und Sport
Berufsoffizier
Bauingenieurwissenschaften
Umweltingenieurwissenschaften
Geomatik und Planung
Informatik
Rechnergestützte Wissenschaften
Mathematik
Biologie
Erdwissenschaften
Umweltnaturwissenschaften
Agrarwissenschaft
Lebensmittelwissenschaft
Architektur
Physik
Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften
Interdisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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III.2 The Bachelor Level
•Duration: 3 years•Admission according to the legal rules•First year: now credit points for individual courses•Aptitude test at the end of the first year.
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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New Qualification Profiles Undergraduate
•Core Competences•Broad Education in Basic Sciences: Math, Physics Chemistry, Computer Science, Biology•Solid Basic Knowledge of the Discipline•Methodological and Scientific Thinking•Including Humanities and Social Sciences•Scientific english (starting year 2)•Experience in team work, practical work
•Optimal Preparation for Graduate Programmes at ETH and at other leading Universities worldwide•Concentration and advanced placement in Master Courses possible•No particular preparation for entering the job market•Limited study time: < 5 years
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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III.3 The graduate School: Master and PhD
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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New Qualification Profiles: Master
Scientific SpecializationFirst Research experience through collaboration in a research groupMaster thesis (~6 Months)fast tracks into the doctorate for the excellent studentselite programsFluent in (scientific) Englishjoint master programs with other universitiesand:introduction into management, finance, human resource
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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Studying at ETH Zürichnumbers: estimates
duration
Gra
duat
e le
vel
Bac
helo
r le
vel
Gra
duat
e st
udie
sDoctorate
Master level
(Total 3‘000)
Bachelor studies
(Total 6‘000)
(Total 3‘000)
2‘200 p.a.
1‘600/ Jahr
500 p.a.
1‘500 p.a.
Master(standard degree)
External Masters
Bachelorintermediate degree, „hinge“
200 p.a.
1‘000 p.a.
Ph.D.
500
External Bachelors
400
500 p.a.withdrawls
Changing the program
100
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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Master
Doctorate / Master
Admission to the graduate school
30 KP ECTS +
Research work (30 KP)
Titel of Master, acceptance of research plan
Doctoral thesis and doctoral studies
Master studies 60 KP ECTS
Master Thesis ca. 30 KP
The Graduate School
Regular path to doctorate
Fast track
Assessment, admission to the fast track
30 KP + good grades + additional work + agreement with supervisor
External masters
Bachelors
Doctorat
Ok of supervisor, admission
Research plan and additional conditions
Admission to Doctorate
Doctoral thesis and doctoral studies
Ze
itach
se (
ca.
Se
me
ste
r)
0
3
2
1
9
8
4
27.6.2003 Ba/Pgr
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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III.4 Admission rules, changing the tracks
Bachelor: free admission with Swiss “Maturität” or with top grades from a Gymnasium abroad
reduced admission exam with foreign final High school examfull admission exam without any prior exam
Master: free admission in the same subject and Bs from a Swiss university. Admission procedure for foreigners and for “specialized Master programs”
Specific rules for entering from a university of applied sciences
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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III.5 Exams and selection: new approaches
optimize selection at the entry point. Assessing and advising the entering students
Goal: Bachelor: loss rate first year < 15% (now 25%)
loss rate 2./3. year < 4% (as now)
Master: less than 5%
Evaluation of examination and selection methods
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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III.6 New teaching methods
Teaching closer to actual researchMore individual learningUsing the new technologies, usw.-> program to support and to finance new approaches to teaching and experimentingControlling the quality of teaching
New modes of assessing performance, quality control
Master Thesis: Part of learning Process and proof of performance
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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III.7 Quality Management
Opinion Poll Students (end of term)Opinion Poll alumni 3,4,5 years after graduationPeer Review: one week, every 5 years
New project: evaluation the assessment of performance (exams, etc.):Are the assessments fair, objective, do they show what is relevant, are they reliable, etc.
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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III.8 Networking
IDEA League: Imperial College, TU Delft, ETH, RWTA Aachen, ParisTech (new member)
UNITECH International: 8 Technical Universities and 25 global Companies
TIME network
IARU Network
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ETH Zurich worldwide: IARU network
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Conclusion: a story of Mr. Keuner(Bertolt Brecht)
An old friend he had not seen in a while, greeted Mr. Keuner with the words:„You havn‘t changed a bit“.
„Oh“, said Mr. Keuner and went pale.
Bologna Conference, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 7, 2006
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The Bologna Reform is about….more mobility, yes, but mainly about
more competition, but no cannibalism (developing countries)
more differentiation and more comparability more flexibility and transparency more autonomy and more responsibility more quality renovating the curricula, the selection process renovating teaching and learning
The Bologna Reform is a major Change Process