The Blue Economy & The Role of Planning

(Marine Spatial Planning)

Annual National Planners’ Convention

4th to 8th Nov 2019

Unoccupied Mansions

Zac Maritim

WWF-Kenya

l’économie bleue et la planification spatiale marine/maritime

Africa is changing l’Afrique change

Africa is changing l’Afrique change

The Hopeless Continent (May 2000)

Africa Rising (December 2011)

Aspiring Africa (March 2013)

The Blue Economy$$$

A sustainable ocean (or “blue”) economy

emerges when economic activity is in balance

withthe long-term capacity of ocean ecosystems

to support this activity and remain resilient and

healthy. Economist Intelligence Unit (2015)

Sectors (Park et al.2014)

Fisheries

Marine mining

Offshore oil & gas

Shipping and Port

Marine leisure and tourism

Marine construction

Marine equipment manufacturing

Shipbuilding and repair

Marine businessservices

Marine R&D and education

Marine administration

Others

L’économie Bleue $$$

Blue EconomyGuidanceScal

e

Institution Policy Reference

Glo

bal

United NationsEnvironmental

Programme (UNEP) & others

Green Economy in a Blue World; Blue

Economy: Sharing Success Stories to Inspire

Change

(UNEP et al. 2010; UNEP

2015)

World Wildlife Fund(WWF) Principles for a sustainable Blue Economy;

Reviving the Ocean Economy: the case for

action - 2015

(World Wildlife Fund

2015; Hoegh-Guldberg &

et al. 2015)

Continenta

l United NationsEconomic

Commission for Africa (UNECA)

Africa's Blue Economy: A policy handbook (UNECA2016)

African Union (AU) 2050 Africa's Integrated MaritimeStrategy

(2050 AIM Strategy)

(African Union 2012)

Regi

onal

United Nations Conferenceon

Trade and Development

(UNCTAD)

The Oceans Economy: Opportunities and

Challenges for Small Island Developing

States

(UNCTAD2014)

Western Indian OceanScience

Association (WIOMSA)

Building the Blue Economy in theWIO

Region

(Kelleher 2015)

WWFInternational Reviving the Western IndianOcean

Economy: Actions for a SustainableFuture

Obura et al,2017

Orientation sur l’économie bleue

Continental Policy ImperativesObligations d’une politique continentale

Agenda 2063

• In May 2013, Africa’s political

leadership acknowledged

past achievements and

challenges.

• Rededicated itself to the Pan

African vision of “an

integrated, prosperous and

peaceful Africa, driven by

its own citizens and

representing a dynamic

force in the international

arena.”

LAPSSET WORK WITH WIOMSA

The research will answer the following questions: -

• Qn 1: What is the trend and extent of loss of the natural

capital (mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass beds,

terrestrial forests, grasslands, wetlands etc.) in the study

area?

• Qn 2: What are the impacts of the LAPSSET Corridor

Program development on livelihoods of the PAPs?

• Qn 3: What are the land use and land tenure trends

since the launch (2012) of the LAPSSET project?

• Qn 4: What are the climate variability/risk and adaptation

mechanisms in the design of LAPSSET components?

• Qn 5: What is the status of compliance with

Environmental and Social safeguards?

• Qn 6: What are the capacity needs for environmental

governance institutions in the LAPSSET area?

Africa Integrated Maritime Strategy 2050Stratégie maritime intégrée pour l'Afrique à l'horizon 2050

Vision:

The overarching vision of

the 2050 AIM Strategy is to

foster increased wealth

creation from Africa’s

oceans and seas by

developing a sustainable

thriving blue economy in a

secure and environmentally

sustainable manner.

Africa Blue Economy Handbook – UNECAGuide pratique sur l'économie bleue africaine - CEA

According to the World

Bank,[1] the blue economy is

the "sustainable use of ocean

resources for economic

growth, improved livelihoods

and jobs, while preserving the

health of ocean ecosystem.

Prevailing Blue Economy FrameworkCadre reglémentaire en vigeur

“Marine spatial planning (MSP) is a public process of analyzing and allocating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities in marine areas to achieve ecological, economic, and social objectives that are usually specified through a political process” (Ehler & Douvere 2009).

Marine SpatialPlanningPlanification spatiale maritime/marine

1. According to the Blue Economy definition

for Africa (UNECA 2016) MSP is essential for

implementing the BlueEconomy.

2. Several countries in the WIO are pursuing

Blue/Ocean Economy & MSPinitiatives.

Ehler & Douvere2009

Marine SpatialPlanningPlanification spatiale maritime/marine

Coordinated ocean governance will identify & manage

interdependencies between socio-economic

aspirations & environmental integrity

Offshore oil

and gas

exploration

Marine

transport

and

manufactur

ing

Aquaculture Other marine

and maritime

sectors

Sustainable ocean development

Unlocking our

ocean economy

New growth

areas in the

ocean economy

Ocean protection3 Integrated marine

governance and

protection

services

MSP

Ocean Governance Framework13

The MSP 11-Step ProcessTravaillant au travers d'étapes spécifiques

2

1

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

11

Identifying MSP Need

Establishing MSP Boundary

Defining Strategic Goals and

objectives

Establishing MSP Authority

Identifying Potential

Stakeholder

Defining Stakeholder

participation strategy

Analyzing existing

conditions/Spatial Scenarios

Identifying existing/Potential

uses

Deciding how to allocateuses/activity

Presenting spatial plan proposaland proposing monitoring process

10

Analyzing future conditions and scenarios

1 Identifying MSP needIdentification des besoin de PSM

The best way to start any MSP process is todefine why the maritime spatial planwould be needed (IOC-UNESCO, 2009).

Needs could be understood as the driversof the MSP process. MSP should havestrong socio-economic and/orenvironmental driven reasons to exist.

Needs help shape the overall vision, goalsand strategic objectives of the plan.Identifying them would play and importantrole in effective stakeholder involvement.

2 Establishing MSP AuthorityEtablissement de l’autorité responsable de PSM

3Establishing MSP boundaries

Etablissement des limites pour la PSM

https://sites.tufts.edu/lawofthesea/chapter-two/

4Defining Strategic Goals and objectivesDéfinition du but et des objectifs Stratégiques

SMART goals are generally complemented detailed action plans which providesframeworks for achieving the SMART goals.

5Identifying Potential StakeholderIdentification des parties prenantes potentielles

Sample Stakeholder Identification Matrixhttp://www.click4it.org/index.php/Stakeholder_Analysis

6

Stakeholders cooperation in MSP: Sighting African perspectivesCoopération entre les parties prenantes en PSM: Perspective sur l’Afrique

Defining Stakeholder participation strategyDéfinition de stratégies de participation des parties prenantes

https://www.msp-platform.eu/sectors#

7

Sectoral Needs for MSP:

Besoin sectoriels en PSM: Pétrole et Gaz

Identifying existing/Potential usesIdentification des usages existants/potentiels

7

Sectoral Needs for MSP:

Besoin sectoriels en PSM: Pétrole et Gaz

Identifying existing/Potential usesIdentification des usages existants/potentiels

8

Analysing Existing Conditions: Evidence-based mechanisms

Analyse des conditions existantes: Mécanismes basé sur l’évidence

Analyzing existing conditions/Spatial ScenariosAnalyse des conditions existantes/scénarios spatiaux

An inventory and maps of importantbiological and ecological areas in themarine management area;

An inventory and maps of currenthuman activities (and pressures) in themarine management area;

An assessment of possible conflicts andcompatibilities among existing humanuses; and

An assessment of possible conflicts andcompatibilities between existinghuman uses and the environment.

https://afloat.ie/resources/news-update/item/31873-maritime-spatial-planning-consultation-underway

9

Analysing Future Conditions and ScenariosAnalyse des conditions et scénarios futures

Deciding how to allocate uses/activityDécision sur l’allocation spatiale des usages et activités

Identification of conflicts andcompatibilities related to themultiple uses of the marineenvironment provide access toscenario management and spaceallocation to current of future uses.

https://www.msp-platform.eu/file/fig3png-10

https://members.e2.org/jsp/controller?docId=17861&section=MarineSpatialPlanning

10

10 Deciding how to allocate uses/activityDécision sur l’allocation spatiale des usages et activités

11Presenting Spatial Plan proposal

Présentation d’une proposition de plan spatial

A spatial management plan is acomprehensive, strategic document thatprovides the framework and direction formarine spatial management decisions.

It should identify when, where, and howgoals and objectives will be met.

The spatial management plan guides theecological, social, and economicdevelopment of the marine managementarea, including its airspace, surface area,water column, and submerged lands.

(IOC-UNESCO, 2009)

After the conditions and scenarios (present and future) have been assessedfor space allocation and for the management area, then should rise thequestion: How to to get there?

11 Proposing monitoring processProposition d’un processus de suivi

Two types of monitoring relevant to marinespatial planning:

1. Assessment of the state of the system.eg: What is the status of biodiversity inthe marine management area?; and

2. Measurement of the performance ofmanagement measures.i.e.: Are the management actions wehave taken producing the outcomes wedesire?”

These two types of monitoring are closelyrelated.

(IOC-UNESCO, 2009)

Thank youMerci

GraciasObrigado

Asante