The Biosphere – Chapter 31. How are nutrients important in living systems.

Explain how matter moves among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.

2. Explain how energy flows through living systems and how efficient is the transfer of energy among organisms.

3. Explain the different levels of organization ecologists study

Period 1: Period 7

Quiz: Thur Oct 2nd Quiz: Mon Oct 6th Lab: Thur Oct 2nd (Book Pg 81) Lab: Mon Oct 6th (Book Pg 81)Test: Mon Oct 6th Test: Wed Oct 8th

Period 4Quiz: Fri Oct 3rd Lab: Fri Oct 3rd (Book Pg 81)Test: Tues Oct 7th

What is

Ecology?

• The interactions of organisms with one another and with their physical surroundings

Biosphere

That part of the Earth in which life

exists

Levels of organizationSpecies: group of organisms that Breed and produce fertile offspring

Populations• Key:–Group of individuals that belong to the

same species and live in the same area.

Community

Organisms living together in an ecosystem

Physical features•Abiotic factors = physical features

•water sunlight, soil type rocks, temp.•Biotic Factors = living organisms

•shark, fish, coral, tube worms, arthropods

Ecosystem

Biome• Key:– Group of ecosystems that have the

same climate and similar dominant communities.

TundraLocations:•Northern North America, Asia and Europe

Characteristics:•Treeless biome•Covered in mosses, lichens and grasses•Animals migrate in summer to feed on

plants•Carnivores follow the food migrating•Permafrost = Permanently frozen subsoil

Ecological MethodsKeys:

- Observing* Collecting data to make an

educated guess (hypothesis)

- Experimenting* testing changes in natural

ecosystems- Modeling

* models help predict what could happen ecologically over a

long period of time. (Global Warming)

Energy FlowKeys:

Main source of energy? The Sun

Autotrophs Energy from the environment to

fuel the production of simple into complex organic compounds

Producers? Make their own food

Energy From the SunKeys: Photosynthesis

Use solar energy to convert CO2 and H2O into O2 and C6H1206

Life Without

Light

Keys: Chemosynthesis

Use chemical energy to convert CO2 and H2O into chemical compound and C6H1206

ConsumersKeys: Acquire energy from other organisms Heterotrophs Five types:

Herbivores: Cows / Deer Plant eaters

Carnivores: Snakes / owls Animal eaters

Omnivores: Bears / crows Best of Both worlds

Detritivores: Mites / earthworms Plant and animal remains

Decomposers: Bacteria / fungi Break down organic Matter

Food Chain

Keys: Transfer of

energy by eating and being eaten

The Food Web

Keys: Feeding

Relationships among organisms

Trophic LevelsKeys:

Each step of the food chain or food Web.

Each consumer depends on the trophic level below for energy.

Ecological PyramidsKeys:

Diagram in your notes the following Ecological Pyramids.

Three Types1. Energy Pyramid2. Biomass Pyramid3. Pyramid of Numbers

Be able to define each pyramid Relate the pyramids to the different

trophic levels.

Nutrient CyclesKeys: NUTRIENTS

Substances organisms need to sustain life.

Build tissues and carry our life functions

Biogeochemical cycles Passed between organisms and the

environment

Class Assignment

Keys: Finished by the end of Class. Worth 10 Points in HW category. Each notebook will be check before

you leave.Assignment:

Develop a flow chart that traces the: Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Water Cycle

Flow chart Example