the biological perspective genetic factors the nervous system the brain the endocrine system the...
TRANSCRIPT
THE BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
GENETIC FACTORS
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE BRAIN
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION
NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY
INTEGRATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
http://www.morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/specimens.html
THE NEUROSCIENCE REVOLUTION
Neuroanatomy Neuropathology Neurochemistry Neuropharmacology Neuropsychology
THE NEURON
Types of Neurons
Communication Neurons “fire” Action Potential releases
neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters cross the
synaptic cleft and bind to the post-synaptic membrane of the neighboring neuron(s)
Excitatory or inhibitory The circle of events
continues… The network of neural cells
is highly specialized
http://www.morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/specimens.html
http://www.morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/specimens.html
Purkinje Cell
• Main players in the cerebellum
• Long Distance Connections
• Most number of connections
http://www.morphonix.com/software/education/science/brain/game/specimens/specimens.html
The Brain
BROCA’S AREA FOR SPEECH
BRAIN AT 15 WEEKS GESTATION
BRAIN AT 32 WEEKS GESTATION
cerebellum
pons
Medulla Breathing Heart rate
regulation
Pons Reticular formation
• Sleep• Arousal
Cerebellum Many fine folds;
large surface area Muscle movement
& muscle tone Balance Some learning &
memory
Divisions of the Brain
Hindbrain Medulla Reticular
formation Cerebellum
Midbrain Dopamine
produced Relay of visual
and auditory signals
Forebrain Diencephalon
• Hypothalamus• thalamus
Telencephalon• cortex
THE BRAIN
Thalamus “relay station” for
sensory information (except smell)
• Directs sensory signals to appropriate areas of cortex
Hypothalamus Involved in motivated
behavior (feeding, drinking, sex)
Regulates the internal environment of the body
• Fight-or-flight response• Endocrine System• Temperature Control
Diencephalon
LIMBIC LOBE GRAPHIC OVERLAYLIMBIC LOBE GRAPHIC OVERLAY
Hippocampus
(purple)(blue)
Limbic System
Basal Ganglia
Initiates Movement e.g., walking
Gross motor control
Many smaller structures
Affected in Parkinson’s
Sensorimotor Cortex, Left Hemisphere
OLFACTORY TRACTOLFACTORY TRACT
BRAIN IMAGING
COMPUTERIZED AXIAL TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY (MRS)
SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (SPECT)
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PT)
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY(PT SCAN)
