the bells of st tudy church - amazon s3
TRANSCRIPT
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The Bells of
St Tudy
Church
1
Paul TuckerOctober 2017
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The History of Bells
2
I to the Church the living call,
and to the Grave do summon all.
Bells are the largest and loudest
instruments in the world
Campanology = The study of bells.
It encompasses the technology of bells – how they are
cast, tuned, rung, and sounded – as well as the history,
methods, and traditions of bell-ringing as an art.
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3
The History of Bells
Prehistory
The earliest way to make a loud sound to ward off animals or
draw attention would have been to bang upon something.
If the thing was hollow the noise was louder.
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The History of Bells
Prehistory
The Chinese developed the bell shape we know today.
The earliest archaeological evidence of bells dates from the 3rd
millennium BC in Neolithic China
The Klang Bell
Bronze bell found in the city of Klang
Malaysia.
Estimated to date from the late iron age.
(1200 BC and 600 BC)
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The History of Bells
Christianity
Early missionaries used small hand-bells to call people to
worship.
400
Bells being introduced into Christian churches
around 400 AD by Paulinus, Bishop of Nola
in Campania, Italy.
550
The use of bells in Great Britain was introduced by monks and
friars coming from France and Italy to join religious orders.
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The History of Bells
750
Archbishop of York ordered priests to toll a bell at certain times.
960
St Dunstan, Archbishop of Canterbury,
hung bells in all churches under his care
during the late 10th Century.
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The History of Bells
1148
The Worms Bible was written in
1148 at the monastery in the
Rhineland.
Includes an illumination of a
musician playing a set of bells.
The letters on each bell, show that
they were capable of producing
bells tuned to a musical scale.
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The History of Bells
1170
Popular superstition alleged that bells
could ring themselves.
It is said that those of Canterbury
Cathedral tolled themselves when
Thomas-a-Becket was murdered.
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The History of Bells
Pre 14th Century
Before Henry VIII and the Protestant Reformation,
bells in churches and monasteries were hung on
a simple spindle and chimed by pulling a rope.
Ringers began to experiment with new ways of
hanging the bell to get greater control.
The first improvement was mounting bell to quarter wheel with a
spindle serving as an axel and the rope attached to the wheel rim.
As this method grew popular, bells then began to be mounted on
half wheels.
Spindle
Rope
Lever
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The History of Bells
1536
Henry VIII of England's Dissolution of the
Monasteries included the removal of the bells.
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The History of Bells
1586
The cost of maintaining bells and payments to ringers, who at the
time were paid, could be a high proportion of running the Parish.
St Margaret's, Westminster paid ringers
one shilling each for ringing at the
beheading of the Queen of Scots.
Less than twenty years later, the same
church paid ten times that for ringing
‘at the time when the Parliament House
should have been blown up’.
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The History of Bells
1600s
Many churches began to rehang
bells, using the new technology
of bells mounted on a full wheel.
This gave much greater control
using the rope, but the final
refinement was a stay and slider
to be able to ‘set’ the bell.
The ringer could now rotate the bells 360 degrees and stop and
start the ringing at will.
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The History of Bells
1612
The development of change ringing led to increased interest from
the lay people, who took over the belfry from the clergy.
The Ordinances of the 'Company of Ringers of the Blessed
Virgin Mary of Lincoln' were sealed on 18 October 1612.
This Society is the oldest, and to be able to trace a continuous
existence since 1612.
The Ancient Society of College Youths was founded in 1637.
It continues to provide bell ringers for St Paul’s Cathedral and
Westminster Abbey.
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14
The History of Bells1637
During the reign of James II (1633-1688)
bell ringing became extremely fashionable
amongst the aristocracy.
It provided physical exercise and
intellectual stimulation.
In the rural churches, bands of ordinary ringers strived to outdo
one another.
On days of competition the ringing was often preceded by a
large meal at the local pub.
Followed by the presentation of a ‘good hat’ or a pair of gloves to
each ringer in the band that had performed the best.
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The History of Bells
1668
The recreation of ringing flourished in and
around London during the late 17th Century.
An important milestone in the development of
change ringing was the 1668 publication by
Richard Duckworth and Fabian Stedman of
their book The Art of Ringing.
Subtitle: “Plain and easy Rules for Ringing
all sorts of Plain Changes."
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The History of Bells
1700s
In the rural areas, standards of behaviour deteriorated with
bell ringers described as layouts and drunks.
Often locals saw an opportunity to earn a few shillings.
Often transferred quickly from the church tower to the village inn.
Any opportunity taken to
ring, for which the tavern
keepers were grateful.
Church attendance was
considered no part of
bell ringing.
The Cornish Arms
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The History of Bells
1700s
Stories of bell’s powers to heal, to drive away evil and the devil,
to calm storms and to save people from plague, pests and
enemies led to bells being rung at the time of death to keep the
devil away.
A sum of money was given to the
Church of St Sepulchre, at the
Old Bailey, during the 1700's to
pay for bellringing on execution
days.
The condemned were given
a service, a nosegay of flowers
and a "peal" on the bells.
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The History of Bells
1715
The first true peal (a
extent of ringing with
over 5,040 different
variations) was believed
to have been rung on
May 2nd 1715 at St
Peter Mancroft, Norwich.
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The History of Bells
1731
By the middle of the 18th century it was known that Ringers would
stand for three hours and to ring a peal of 5040 changes.
At Leicester in March 1731 one of the ringers commented;
“we upon bells completed the whole peal of Grandsire Triples in
three hours and two minutes to the great satisfaction of
thousands both in town and country”.
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The History of Bells
1751
5 bells cast by Abel Rudhall at
Gloucester for St Tudy.
3 years before Captain William Bligh
was born.
Transported by sea from Gloucester to
Wadebridge?
Then by cart and horse to St Tudy?
3rd and 4th bells still ring to this day in the tower.
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The History of Bells
1760
Ross Poldark was born!
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The History of Bells
1767
At Debenham in Suffolk a band of
eight rung a peal of Bob Major.
Consisted of 10,080 changes.
Took over six hours.
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The History of Bells
1800s
Change ringing began to lower in social esteem, with
swearing, smoking and a barrel of beer in the tower normal.
Some belfries became notorious as the haunt of the village
riff-raff, who indulged in heavy drinking and riotous behaviour.
(Not at St Tudy I hope!)
A deep rift developed between ringers and clergy, with some
towers closed by their incumbents.
The ringers broke into the belfries to ring or drink and were
very independent, reserving the right to choose when to ring.
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The History of Bells
1800s
In High Wycombe, Bucks in 1832 the bells
rung out to celebrate the passing of the
Reform Bill.
A few days later on the annual visit of the
Bishop the ringers refused to ring to show
their disapproval as he voted against the
Bill in the House of Lords.
The bells are church property, so the
Rector has law on his side, but can do
little against a difficult band of ringers.
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The History of Bells
1800 Inscribed in St Tudy Tower
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The History of Bells
Victorian Reform
The Victorian reform of the Church of England
included a re-examination of practices used
since the Reformation.
In 1839, the Cambridge Camden Society
began a national spring clean of churches,
including the tower and bell ringers.
Rectors were reinstated in control of bell towers, despite
many groups of ringers who fought to preserve their ‘privileges’.
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The History of Bells
Victorian Reform
The Church wanted to improve ringing standards.
Ensure proper and reverent behaviour in the ringing chamber.
Also encourage ringers to attend church services.
Many churches had the ringing chamber lowered to the ground
floor, and the ropes lengthened.
The ringers now performed in full view of the congregation.
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The History of Bells
28
1875
The Rev Ellacombe criticised bell ringers who
did not ring exclusively for church services.
A particular target was "prize ringing“
Teams from different churches competed for a prize for the best
ringing, usually accompanied by a social event.
In 1875 when he weighed in with a diatribe against a ringing
competition at Slapton in Devon, when he wrote:
"We blame the Vicar and churchwardens for allowing the bells to
be so prostituted for the benefits of a publican's pocket“
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The History of Bells
29
Mears and Stainbank
Founders and Church Bell
Hangers
267 Whitechapel Road
London
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The History of Bells
30
Bell Inscription
Treble May the Church of England for ever flourish
2 We were all cast at Gloucester by Able Rudhall 1751
3 Prosperity to this Parish
4 Wm Horken Wm Kempthorne Ch:w: Saml Furniss Gent:
Tenor I to the Church the living call and to the Grave do
summon all
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The History of Bells
1896
By the late 19th Century, women began to take up bell ringing.
Miss Alice White of Basingstoke was the first woman to
complete a full peal in 1896.
As more women became interested, the Ladies Guild of Change
Ringers was formed in 1912.
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The History of Bells
1900
Bell ringers were encouraged to appoint a Tower Captain to be
responsible for the regular attendance and conduct of ringers.
There were penalties for bad ringing or behaviour.
By 1900, a new generation of ringers had emerged.
Bell ringing was respectable and part of the church.
Many bell installations improved, making the bells easier to ring.
More complicated methods introduced, requiring a greater
degree of concentration (not to be attempted after drinking!).
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The History of Bells
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The History of Bells
34
William John (Jack) Worth Photo: Joy Knight
St Tudy Ringers in early 1900s
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The History of Bells
35
Jack
Worth
Fred
Nicholls
Jimmy
Coombs
Early 1900s
Photograph
from Joy Knight
St Tudy Ringers on Tour
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The History of Bells
36Tracked down to Phillack by the Lychgate design
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The History of Bells
37
Then
Now
St Felicitas, Phillack (8 Bells today)
Lych is from the Old English word for corpse.A lych bell is a hand-bell rung before a corpse.
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The History of Bells
1917 First World War
Private 240732 Gordon Burden
Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry
Born in St Tudy 1897
Killed in Action 20th August 1917 aged 20 years
(Maggie Lobb’s great uncle)
Gordon enlisted with his friends and neighbours, Albert and John
Worth, in Bodmin on 15th November 1915.
Sent to France May 1916, fighting on the Somme, Arras & Ypres.
The church bells of St Tudy were muffled before and after a
memorial service in his honour.
(In 2017 we rang muffled bells to mark the centenary)
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The History of Bells
39
The Western Morning News and Mercury
Monday July 3 1922
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The History of Bells
40
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The History of Bells
41
Just before World War 2.
(Rev H V Schuster Vicar St Tudy 1926 to 1946).
The Western Morning News and Daily Gazette
Wednesday July 19 1939
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1939 to 1945
During Word War 2 ringing church bells was forbidden by the
Defence of the Realm Act.
Only to ring on an invasion.
In the Dad's Army episode
"The Battle of Godfrey's Cottage"
church bells were rung by mistake.
The Home Guard thought an invasion had started.
In 1942, after the victory at El Alamein, Churchill ordered bells to
be rung, ending a two year silence.
The History of Bells
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The History of Bells
1950s
From 1950 there was a rapid
increase in the numbers of bell
ringers, especially young bell
ringers.
Increase in the standard of ringing.
1953
Elizabeth II
Coronation
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The History of Bells
44
Presented to Norman Armstrong for ringing at
St Stephen-in-Brannel Church 25th April 1953
1953
Elizabeth II
Coronation
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The History of Bells
1963
World record for change-ringing was set by ringers on eight bells
at the bell tower of Loughborough foundry on 27/28th July 1963.
It took them 17 hours 58 minutes to ring an extent of 40,320
unrepeated changes of Plain Bob Major.
This record is yet to be broken.
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The History of Bells
1973
Memorial screen made by
Harry Hooper.
Paid for by Mrs Hotchkis in
memory of her sister
Miss Hilda Baldock
(1889 - 1970)
Chauffeuse at Tremeer,
A dedication service was held
Sunday 1st July 1973 by the Rev. John Harris-Douglas.
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The History of Bells
47
Is this part of the
wooden frame?
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The History of Bells
48
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The History of Bells
49
Ringers in 1974 when bells were rehung
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The History of Bells
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St Tudy’s Bells
51
Old Bell Chamber
with louvres on four
sides
Bell Chamber
Ladder to Bell
Chamber
Intermediate
Chamber (Old
Ringing Chamber?)
Bell Rope
Ringing Chamber
Tower Height
64 Feet
Not to scale
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St Tudy’s Bells
52
Prior to 1974 the wooden bell
frame was in the top chamber.
Bells re-hung in 1974 with steel
bell frame lower in the tower.
This was to reduce sway of the
tower during ringing.
The blue arrow shows the
direction of the sound upwards
and through the top chamber
louvres
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St Tudy’s Bells
53Ringing Chamber at ground level
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St Tudy’s Bells
54
Intermediate Chamber
showing ladder to Belfry
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St Tudy’s Bells
55
Belfry - Looking up at bells 4 and 5
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St Tudy’s Bells
56
Top Chamber
Spiral Staircase
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St Tudy’s Bells
57
The Tower Roof
South-West
View from Tower
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St Tudy’s Bells
58
15th Century Tower Built (originally 4 Bells )
1751 Original five bells cast.
Hung in wooden frame.
1888 No 5 recast
1923 New Treble added (now 6 bells)
1934 Bells rehung on Ball Bearings
1974 New steel Bell Frame replaces wooden one.
Bell Frame lower in tower.
No 2 and Tenor recast.
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St Tudy’s Bells
59
Dates of Present Six Bells
Bell Date Cast or Recast
Treble 1923
2 Recast 1974 Original 1751
3 1751
4 1751
5 Recast 1888 Original believed to be 1751
Tenor Recast 1974 Original believed to be 1751
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St Tudy’s Bells
60
Bell Inscription
Treble GIVING THANKS TO GOD THE RINGERS OF ST.
TUDY, WITH THE HELP OF MANY FRIENDS OFFER
THIS BELL TO THE CHURCH IN MUCH GRATITUDE
CHRISTMAS 1923
2 IN MEMORY OF LAURA CRISP
3 ABLE RUDHALL 1751 CAST AT GLOUCESTER
4 PROSPERITY TO THIS PARISH
5 WM HORKEN WM KEMPTHORNE CH:W: SAML
FURNISS GENT:
RECAST EASTER 1888 IN MEMORY OF EDWARD
AURIOL MAGOR OF LAMELLEN BY MARY
CAROLINE HIS WIFE
Tenor TO THE RINGERS OF CORNWALL
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St Tudy’s Bells
61
Manufacturers
Bell Manufacturer Location Date
3 & 4 Abel Rudhall Gloucester 1751
5 Gillett & Co Croydon 1888
1 & 2 Gillett & Johnson Croydon 1923
Tenor John Taylor Loughborough 1974
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St Tudy’s Bells
62
Transportation
By Sea and Rail?
Tenor
Loughborough
1974
3 & 4
Gloucester
1751
1, 2 & 5
Croydon
1888 & 1923
St Tudy
( Brunel’s Royal Albert Bridge
opened in 1859)
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St Tudy’s Bells
63
Laura Crisp
Bell 2 recast in 1974 is inscribed;
IN MEMORY OF LAURA CRISP
1901 to 1972
She was a School Teacher
Husband Nathaniel Crisp
Civil Engineer
(Bellringer in 1974 photograph)
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St Tudy’s Bells
64
Edward Auriol Magor
Bell 5 is inscribed:
RECAST EASTER 1888 IN MEMORY OF EDWARD AURIOL
MAGOR OF LAMELLEN BY MARY CAROLINE HIS WIFE
Edward Auriol Magor
Inherited Lamellen in 1862
Died aged 34 in 1883
Mary Careoline Magor (nee Chilcott)
1853 to 1937
Lamellon and grounds are Grade II listed
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St Tudy’s Bells
65
William Horken, William Kempthorne, Samual Furniss
Bell 5 is inscribed around the crown:
WM HORKEN WM KEMPTHORNE CH:W: SAMUAL FURNISS
GENT
William Horken (Churchwarden)
• Lived at Trenaslett, St Tudy
William Kempthorne (Churchwarden)
• Local Farming Family
Samual Furniss (Gentleman)
• Lived at Lamellen