The Beginner’s Guide to the Universe

BY Nicholas DiPreta

<http://www.sbig.com/dss7/dss7_25s.jpg>.

http://ghc.ctc.edu/catalog/images/astronomy.jpg

•http://www.aero.iitb.ac.in/home/zephyr/images/workshops/astronomy%20picture%20of%20the%20day-2004.03.05.jpg

<http://helios.augustana.edu/astronomy/mel-peterson/horse-1520.jpg>.

Goals

• To measure properties of star clusters using CCD imaging and Spectroscopy using the DSS-7 spectroscope

• To learn more about analytical techniques such as photometry and spectroscopy

<http://www.sbig.com/dss7/dss7_25s.jpg>. http://www.dpreview.com/news/9910/99102101superccd.asp>.

The Solar System

• Average Sun- provides energy (Hamilton,1995)

• Eight Planets• Revolve around the Sun• Other satellites such as comets and meteors

<http://www.kiroastro.com/images/perspective/earth2.jpg>.

http://www.mapsharing.org/MS-maps/map-pages-space-map/images-solar-system/6-solar-system-map.jpg>.

Galaxies

• Our solar system is part of the Milky Way Galaxy

• Whole solar system orbits the center of the Milky Way

• Galaxy is one in billions (Hamilton,2009)

•http://ipac.jpl.nasa.gov/media_images/sig05-010.jpg>.

Open Clusters• Younger stars• Held together by gravity (Batinelli,1991) • All same age, composition• Tell us about early stellar

evolution(Archinal, 2003)

<http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/images/stellarevolution/pleiadesuks018c.jpg>.

Globular Clusters

• Inside all galaxies are Globular Clusters (Kulesa,2009). • Dense bunches of thousands of stars• All extremely old, same stage in formation same

composition, no active star formation(Hester, 2006). • Teach us about later stellar evolution (Taplur,1997)

http://astro.uchicago.edu/~grodnick/gallery/iotw/m2.jpg>

Stellar Evolution

•<http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2007/sn2006gy/sn2006gy_newline.jpg>.

HR Diagram• Graphical

interface between observation and stellar evolution. (Thompson, 1997)

• Based on observations, other facts can be derived.•<http://www.bramboroson.com/astro/images/hrdiagram.jpg>.

Spectroscopy• Used to study the physical properties of a star such

as surface temperature or color. (Kulesa, 2005). • Most large telescopes have spectroscopes. (Seeds,

2005)• Now being used at amateur level.

<http://www.sbig.com/dss7/dss7_25s.jpg>.

•http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html>.

Photometry• Measurement of Luminosity of an object.

(Martinez,1997• Generally measured on a CCD imager.• Long exposure time to get fuller image.

(Martinez,1997) http://teleskop-service.se/produkter/eng/atikpics/start/mit-rgb-2.jpg>.http://teleskop-service.se/produkter/eng/atikpics/start/mit-rgb-2.jpg>.

Active Galactic Nuclei

• Super massive black holes• Center of Galaxy• Emit Enormous amounts of energy

http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/div/vlbi/ckp08/images/AGN/agn04.jpg>.

Literature Review

Gilliand (1991) used CCD imaging techniques to create light curves for starts in M67; an open cluster.

Literature ReviewVan den Bherg did photometry and spectroscopy of globular clusters.

Literature Review

Cowie ET AL, performed spectroscopy of various cluster stars.

Literature Review

Montgomery ET AL did b-v photometry of open clusters.

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• Back off Man, I'm a Scientist: Personal Life of., "HR Diagram." 15 May 2009 <http://www.bramboroson.com/astro/images/hrdiagram.jpg>.

•Battinelli P., Capuzzo-Dolcetta R. (1991), Formation and evolutionary properties of the Galactic open cluster system, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 249, p. 76–83

BIG Santa Barbara Instrument Group, DSS 7 Picture , 14 May 2009 <http://www.sbig.com/dss7/dss7_25s.jpg>.

•The Chandra X-ray Observatory Center . "Stellar Evolution." . Gateway to the Universe of X-ray Astronomy! 15 May 2009 <http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2007/sn2006gy/sn2006gy_newline.jpg>.

• Cowie, Lennox L., and ET AL. "New Insight on Galaxy Formation and Evolution From Keck Spectroscopy of the Hawaii Deep Fields." Astronomical Journal V.112 (1996): 839. ADS HARVARD. ABSTRACT SERVICE.

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• Gilliand, Ronald L., and ET AL. "Time-resolved CCD photometry of an ensemble of stars in the open cluster M67." Astronomical Journal (1991): 541-61.

• Hamilton, Calvin J. "The Solar System." Views of the Solar System. May 1995. 08 May 2009 <http://www.solarviews.com/eng/solarsys.htm>. • Helios Home Page., Helios Nebula, 15 May 2009 <http://helios.augustana.edu/astronomy/mel-peterson/horse-1520.jpg>.

•Hester, Jeff, David Burstein, George Blumenthal, Ronald Greeley, Bradford Smith, Howard Voss, and Gary Wegner. 21st Century Astronomy, Second Edition. New York: W. W. Norton, 2006.

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• Kent, Montegomery A. "CCD photometry of the old open cluster M67." Astronomical Journal (1993): 181-219. 4 May 2009 http://http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993AJ....106..181M.

• Kulesa, Craig. "What is Spectroscopy?" 15 May 2009 <http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html>.

•Made-in-China.com China manufacturer directory, China products, China suppliers, China trade, China factory, “CCD IMAGER." . 15 May 2009

• MAP SHARING - Share your map - All maps of the world., Map of the Solar System, 15 May 2009 <http://www.mapsharing.org/MS-maps/map-pages-space-map/images-solar-system/6-solar-system-map.jpg>.

•Martinez, P., and Klotz, A., 1997, A Practical Guide to CCD Astronomy, Cambridge University Press.

•Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn - Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, "AGN." 15 May 2009 http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/div/vlbi/ckp08/images/AGN/agn04.jpg

• Seeds, Michael A. Foundations of astronomy. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2005.

•Taplur, Jon. "A Guide to GLOBULAR CLUSTERS." Keele University Astrophysics Group. July 1997. Keele University. 08 May 2009

•Teleskop-Service Din guide till universum - 0301-429 72, "Filters." 15 May 2009 <http://teleskop-service.se/produkter/eng/atikpics/start/mit-rgb-2.jpg>. • Van den bherg, Sydney. "Photometric and Spectroscopic Observations of Globular Clusters in the Andromeda Nebula." Astrophysical Journal Supplement 19 (1969): 145

•Welcome to Grays Harbor College, Milky Way, 15 May 2009 <http://ghc.ctc.edu/catalog/images/astronomy.jpg>

•, Zephyr, Cats Eye Nebula , May 13 2009, http://www.aero.iitb.ac.in/home/zephyr/images/workshops/astronomy%20picture%20of%20the%20day-2004.03.05.jpg