the atomic energy organization of iran (aeoi) a-10!1!43-7c4aa3a
TRANSCRIPT
7/31/2019 The Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) a-10!1!43-7c4aa3a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-atomic-energy-organization-of-iran-aeoi-a-10143-7c4aa3a 1/8
J. of Nuclear Sci. and Tech.
5279-721389 No. 52, pp. 72-79, 2010
Sci. and Tech. note
گ پ - گ گ
گ
ژ *
ژپ ژپ 11365-3486: پ گ
پ -:چ پ . پ
(HPLC) گ - گ
ng1/0- . HPLC.
Spherisorb ODS2 - گ . گ -
پ گ - )µg/g42/0 15/0( پ
kGy50 پ - . kGy4پ
. پ
گ پ - :
Discernment of Irradiated Chicken Meat by Determination of O-Tyrosine
Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Fluorescence Detection
F. Aflaki*, A. Roozbahani, M. Salahinejad
Nuclear Science Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, AEOI, P.O.Box: 11365-3486, Tehran – Iran
Abstract: O-Tyrosine is proposed as a marker for identification of irradiated protein-rich foods. In this
study, HPLC/ Fluorescence method that allows accurate quantification of 0.1ng of o-tyrosine has been
used. The method involves freeze-drying of sample, acid hydrolysis and fractionation by HPLC. Byusing Spherisorb ODS2 column, the base-line separation of o-tyrosine from impurities was performed.The yield of o-tyrosine in the irradiated chicken meat was proportional to the irradiation dose. Since thevariable levels of o-tyrosine were found in unirradiated chicken meat (0.15-0.42 µg/g per wet weight),this method is able to identify the irradiated chicken meat at 4kGy or higher. Because the dose responsecurve can be extended over 50kGy, the method is suitable for detecting the overdosed samples.
Keywords: O-Tyrosine, Irradiated Food, Detection, High Performance Liquid Chromatography
:[email protected] *email 20/2/89: پ 8/5/88:
7/31/2019 The Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) a-10!1!43-7c4aa3a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-atomic-energy-organization-of-iran-aeoi-a-10143-7c4aa3a 2/8
521389
1-
پ
چ
.]1[ پ
پ پ
پ
]23[. پ
پ
(CEN))1(
چ
(ESR) پ :)2(
(TL))3(
(HC))4(
(CB))5(
..)6(
(DEFT/APC))7(
]4[.
گ گ . 1997
(FDA) گ پ )8(
5/4 kGy7 ]5[.
گ -OH˚eپ aqH+
گ .
پ پ . گ
پپ ... پ
]6[.
پ
OH˚ )
. ) -پ - چ
پ - گ
پ -]78 9[.
پ - پ پ
.
پ
گ - گ
پ .]810[ گ
گ چ پ
پ - گ
گ ]1115[پ چ
- گ چ
گ ژ
- پ
.
پ گ پ پ .]101619[ گ
گ
)1(.
پ پ - )˚O2
-(2O2H
)9(
2+Fe
ژ -
]920[.
گ - گ
(HPLC))10(
:
چ
چ
1- .
7/31/2019 The Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) a-10!1!43-7c4aa3a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-atomic-energy-organization-of-iran-aeoi-a-10143-7c4aa3a 3/8
گ پ . . . گ گ
ژ ژ - گ
.]1118[ گ
- گ
.
- HPLC گ
پ .-]21[.
گ گ -
گ پ گ گ - . گ
2-
گ 1 - 2
-
Merck Fluka .
Co( گ 60
Gamma cell 220 ( پ Waters Breeze گ
گ
. گ
پ 2 - 2
6 10
گ گ
چ گ پ پ پ
ºC20- گ .
گ kGy/h8/1 گ Co60پ
پ . پ گ
پ . گ گ گ 72
- )11(
پ 18[ گ
19[.
)73 78 ( .
پ .
گ . چ - گ
پ گ .پ
2 - 3
گ 10 6 200 300 گ گ
. 15پ گ
3 ژ پ
.
24 ºC110 پ
. پ
45/0
100 300
چ پ پ
گ گ HPLC
گ چ ]1618[. گ - 100 300
N01/0 20
گ HPLC
. گ
3-
3 - 1- HPLC
]161819[
گ
HPLC گ :
Eluent A: 0.14 gr of Trilithium Citrate, 0.04gr of citric acid, 10ml of
Acetonitile, 100 µl of concentrated HCl in 1litre of Milli-Q Water, pH=5.6
Eluent B: Acetonitrile: Milli- Q Water, (4: 1)
Gradient: 0-20 Minutes: 100% A
گ ( (20-35 Minutes: 100% B
) ( 35-50 Minutes: 100% A
Flow Rate: 1 ml/min
Detection: Fluorescence: Excitation 275nm, Emission 305
Injection: 20μl of Diluted Samples with 0.01N HCl
7/31/2019 The Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) a-10!1!43-7c4aa3a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-atomic-energy-organization-of-iran-aeoi-a-10143-7c4aa3a 4/8
521389
- گ
پ گ 2 . -
17 -
گ .
گ -2-
گ
پ
ppb: (A)]500-
(B):
(C):
kGy2
(D):
kGy6(E):kGy10(F):kGy50[) – O (.
A O
__
26.00
__
24.00
__
22.00
__
20.00
__
18.00
__
16.00
__
14.00
__
12.00
__
10.00
__
8.00
__
6.00
__
4.00
__
2.00
__
0.00
__
-2.00
__
-4.00
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00
Time Minutes
m v
B
O
__ 8.60__ 8.40__ 8.20__ 8.00__ 7.80__ 7.60
__ 7.40__ 7.20__ 7.00__ 6.80__ 6.60__ 6.40__ 6.20__ 6.00__ 5.80__ 5.60
__ 5.40__ 5.20__ 5.00__ 4.80__ 4.60__ 4.40__ 4.20__ 4.00
__ 3.80__ 3.60__ 3.40 _ _ 3.20__ 3.00
__ 2.80__
2.60__ 2.40__ 2.20
__ 2.00 __ 1.80
__ 1.60__ 1.40 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00
Time (Minutes)
m v
C O
__
4.00
__ 3.80__ 3.60 __ 3.40__ 3.20__ 3.00
__ 2.80__ 2.60__ 2.40__ 2.20__
2.00
__ 1.80__ 1.60__ 1.40
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00
Time (Minutes)
__ 8.60
__ 8.40 __ 8.20 __ 8.00 __
7.80 __ 7.60
__ 7.40__ 7.20__ 7.00__ 6.80__ 6.60__ 6.40__ 6.20__ 6.00__ 5.80__ 5.60
__ 5.40__ 5.20__ 5.00__ 4.80__ 4.60__ 4.40__ 4.20
m v
__ 8.60__ 8.40__ 8.20__ 8.00__ 7.80__
7.60
__ 7.40__ 7.20__ 7.00__ 6.80__ 6.60__ 6.40__ 6.20__ 6.00__
5.80__ 5.60
__ 5.40__ 5.20__ 5.00__ 4.80__ 4.60__ 4.40__ 4.20__ 4.00
__ 3.80__ 3.60__ 3.40__ 3.20__ 3.00
__ 2.80__ 2.60__ 2.40__ 2.20__ 2.00
_ _ 1.80__ 1.60__
1.40
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00
Time (Minutes)
D
O
m v
__ 11.00
__ 10.50
__ 10.00
__ 9.50
__ 9.00
__ 8.50
__ 8.00
__ 7.50
__ 7.00
__ 6.50
__ 6.00
__ 5.50
__ 5.00
__ 4.50
__ 4.00
__ 3.50
__ 3.00
__ 2.50
__ 2.00
__ 1.50
m v
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00
Time (Minutes)
E O
__ 24.00__ 23.00__ 22.00__ 21.00__ 20.00__ 19.00__ 18.00__ 17.00__ 16.00__
15.00__ 14.00__ 13.00__ 12.00__ 11.00__ 10.00__ 9.00
__ 8.00__ 7.00__ 6.00__ 5.00__ 4.00__ 3.00__ 2.00__ 1.00
__ 0.00__ -1.00
m v
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00
Time (Minutes)
F
O
7/31/2019 The Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) a-10!1!43-7c4aa3a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-atomic-energy-organization-of-iran-aeoi-a-10143-7c4aa3a 5/8
7/31/2019 The Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) a-10!1!43-7c4aa3a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-atomic-energy-organization-of-iran-aeoi-a-10143-7c4aa3a 6/8
521389
]18[. -
گ . گ
گ -پ
پ
گ
- پ -
گ
گ
گ گ - پ .
چ )12(
گ
-
.
-
10 12 ]1819[.
ODS2 (25cm)Spherisorb
گ
- 17
- )13(
)2.(
)14(
20
-
. گ
-
6 10
گ - 068/0±3/0
. گ 064/0±32/0
گ - گ چ
]1014 18[.
پ - . گ
گ -پ . گ
گ
گچ - ... گ
. t 95%
گ - گ پ -
پ پ گ kGy4 . پ
kGY50 -
- گ
. پ
kGy50 پ - گ
. گ ) ( گ 6
-
- پ .)1(
پ گ
.پ
پ
پ چ ... چ پ . گ
پ ژ ....
.
پ
گ
پ . ژ گ
گ
گ پ
7/31/2019 The Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) a-10!1!43-7c4aa3a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-atomic-energy-organization-of-iran-aeoi-a-10143-7c4aa3a 7/8
گ پ . . . گ گ
گ .
-
گ پ
.
گ - گ پ
پ - پ پ
-
پ پ گ
.
:پ
1- CEN: Comite Europeen de Normalisation
2- ESR: Electron Spin Resonance
3- TL: Thermoluminescence
4- HC: Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons
5- CB: Cyclobutanone
6- DNA Comet Assay
7- DEFT/APC: Direct Epifluorescent Filter
Technique/Aerobic Plate Count
8- FDA: Food and Drug Administration
9- Fenton- Type Reaction
10- HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography
11- Freeze- Dryer
12- Theoretical Plate
13- Base Line
14- Gradient Elution
References:
1. IAEA-TECDOC-587, “Analytical detection
methods for irradiated foods, A review of
current literature,” Joint FAO/IAEA Division
of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture,
Austria, March (1991).
2. C.H. McMurray, “Detection methods for
irradiated foods: Current status,” Cambridge,
UK, Royal Society of Chemistry (1996).
3. H. Delincee, “Analytical methods to identify
irradiated food-a review,” Radiat. Phy. Chem,
63, 455-458 (2002).
4. The European Parliament and of the Council,
“Food and food ingredients treated with
ionizing radiation,” Off.J. L006, 16-23 (1999).
5. FDA, “Irradiation in the production, processing
and handling,” Fed. Reg. 62, 64107-64112
(1997).
6. R.A. Molins, “Food irradiation: Principles and
applications,” Johan Wiley & Sons, New York
(2001).
7. M. Miyahara, H. Ito, T. Nagasawa, T.
Kamimura, A. Saito, “Determination of o-
tyrosine production in aqueous solutions of phenylalanine irradiated with gamma ray, using
HPLC with automated pre-column
derivatization and LASER fluorometric
detection,” J. Health. Sci. 46, 192-199 (2000).
8. L.R. Karam, M.G. Simic, “Detecting irradiated
foods: Use of hydroxyl radical biomarkers,”
Anal. Chem. 60, 1117A-1120A (1988).
9. H. Zegota, K. Kolodziejczyk, M. Krol, B. Krol,
“O-tyrosine hydroxylation by OHº
Radicals. 2,
3-Dopa and 2, 5-Dopa formation in γ-irradiated
aqueous solution,” Rad. Phys. Chem. 72. 25-33
(2005).
10. R.J. Hart, J.A. White, W.J. Ried, “Technical
note: Occurrence of o-tyrosine in non-
irradiated foods,” International J. food sci.
Tech. 23, 643-647 (2207).
11. L.R. Karam, M.G. Simic, “Formation of o-
Tyrosine by radiation and organic solvents in
chicken tissue,” J. Biol. Chem. 265, 11581-11585 (1990).
7/31/2019 The Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) a-10!1!43-7c4aa3a
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-atomic-energy-organization-of-iran-aeoi-a-10143-7c4aa3a 8/8
521389
12. M. Grootveld, R. Jain, “Methods for the
detection of irradiated food stuffs: Aromatic
hydroxylation and degradation of poly
unsaturated fatty acids,” Radiat. Phys. Chem.
34, 925-931 (1989).
13. J. Hopkins, L.J. Davis, “Detection of irradiationof meat by o-tyrosine determination,” J.
Chromatogr, 426, 155-161 (1988).
14. M. Miyahara, H. Ito, A. Saito, T. Nagasawa, M.
Kariya, “Detection of irradiation of meats by
HPLC determination fir tyrosine using novel
LASER Fluorometric detection with automatic
pre-column reaction,” J. Health Sci. 46, 304-
309 (2000).
15. M. Miyahara, T. Nagasawa, T. Kamimura, H.
Ito, M. Toyoda, “Identification of irradiation of boned chicken by determination of o- tyrosine
and electron spin resonance spectrometry,” J.
Health, sci. 48, 79-82 (2002).
16. W. Meier, R. Burgin, D. Frohlich, “Analysis of
o-tyrosine as a method for the identification of
irradiated chicken meat,” Beta-Gamma, 1, 34-
38 (1988).
17. C. Willemot, R. Couture, J. Makhlouf, F.
Cheour, “Generation of oxyradicals in
biosystems,” Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J.22, 350-355 (1989).
18. N. Chuaqui-Offermanns, T. Mcdougall, “An
HPLC method to determination o-tyrosine in
chicken meat,” J. Agric. Food Chem. 39, 300-
302 (1991).
19. F.I. Ibe, R. Grinter, R. Massey, R. Homer,
“Detection of o-tyrosine in irradiated chiken byrevese-phase HPLC and fluorescence
detection,” Food additive & contamin. Part A,8
(6), 787-792 (1991).
20. L.L. Zwart, J.H.N. Commandeur, N.P.E.
Vermeulen, “Biomarkers of free radical
damage, application in experimental animals
and in humans,” Free Radic. Biol. 26, 202-206
(1999).
21. F. Aflaki, M. Salahinejad, A. Roozbehani,
“Formation of tyrosine isomers in aquous phenylalanine solutions by gamma irradiation,”
47, 23-31 (2009).
22. J.N. Miller, J.C. Miller, “Statistical and chemo
metrics for analytical chemistry,” Fifth Ed.
Pearson Education (2007).