the athenians - university of albertaegarvin/assets/13-theseus.pdf · •theseus and aegeus:...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Athenians
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Cecrops
• Born of the soil– Autochthonous
• Man with the body of a serpent
• First king of Attica
• Married Agraulus, daughter of Actaeus
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Competition for the City
• Gods to assign cities to themselves
• Poseidon and Athena both want Attica
• Poseidon:– Offers a salt water spring
• Athena:– Offers Cecrops an olive tree
– Athena wins, and the city is called Athens
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Cranaus
• Cecrops died without a male heir
• Cranaus succeeded– At the time of the flood of Deucalion
– He was the most powerful Athenian
– Also autochthonous
– Deposed by his son-in-law, Amphictyon
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Amphictyon = Cranae
CranausDeucalion = Pyrrha
• Amphictyon ruled 12 years
• ‘Amphictyon’ means “neighbour”– Amphictyonic Councils
• Overthrown by Erichthonius
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Erichthonius
• Athena wanted new armour
• Hephaestus fell in love with Athena– Tried to force himself on her but she
repelled him
– He ejaculated and the semen fell to the Acropolis
• Erichthonius sprung from the soil
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Athena Scorning the Advances of HephaestusParis Bordon ca. 1550
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Erichthonius
• Overthrew Amphictyon
• Established the Panathenaea
• Placed the wooden Athena on the Acropolis.– The Palladium of Athens
– Athena Polias (Protector of the City)
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Erichthonius = Praxithea
Pandion = Zeuxippe
Erechtheus ButesPhilomela Procne
• This lineage, presented by Apollodorus, starts the debate.
• Are Erichthonius and Erechtheus the same?• Does this version represent two myths combined?• Under Erechtheus, Athens conquered Eleusis• Butes was priest of Athena and founder of the
Eteobutadae Family
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The Polias Priestess
• Chief priestess of Athens
• ‘First Lady’ of sorts
• Always from the Eteobutadae
• Guardian of the temple treasury
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• Oreithyia was loved by Boreas, the North Wind.– Their sons, Calais and Zethes, were Argonauts
• Procris married Cephalus
Erechtheus = Praxithea
Cecrops
Pandion
Cephalus = Procris Creusa = XuthusOreithyia
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Cephalus and ProcrisAlessandro Turchi (1578 – 1649)
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• Pandion was expelled from Athens– Lived in Megara
– His sons re-conquered Athens
• Aegeus became king– Expelled by Pallas
Pandion
Aegeus Pallas Lycus Nisus
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Aegeus and Aethra
• Aethra– Daughter of Pittheus, king of Troezen
• Aegeus– Visited Pittheus
– Lay with Aethra and produced Theseus
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Theseus
Aegeus = Aethra
• Aegeus, king of Athens
• Childless
• Visited Troezen
• Aethra, daughter of Pittheus of Troezen
• Theseus raised by Aethra
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• Aegeus did not marry Aethra.
• When Medea came to Athens, he married her
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Theseus
• When grown to manhood:– Was told of his true lineage
– Found the sword under the rock
– Made his way to Athens clearing the roads of robbers and monsters
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Nicolas-Guy Brenet, 1768
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Nicolas Poussin, 1638
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Labours of Theseus
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Labours of Theseus
• 1. Killed Periphetes– An iron club wielding highwayman near
Epidaurus
• 2. Killed Sinis– The ‘Pine Bender’
• 3. Killed the sow of Crommyon
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• 4. Killed Sciron– Who kicked travelers into a pit near
Corinth
• 5. Killed Cercyon in Eleusis– Who wrestled travelers
• 6. Killed Damastes– Who killed travelers in bed.
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Raised in Troezen
Periphetes
Sinis
Sow ofCrommyon
Scyron
CercyonDamastes
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Theseus in Athens
• Medea, wife of king Aegeus:– Not wanting Theseus to succeed to the
throne, she persuaded Aegeus to get rid of Theseus
• Theseus and Aegeus:– Theseus sent to kill the Bull of Marathon– Medea tried to poison Theseus– Last minute save– Medea banished from Athens
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Medea offering poison to Theseus
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Theseus and Peirithous
• War of the Lapiths and Centaurs
• The two abduct Helen (only 12)
• Castor and Polux attack Athens
• The two go to Hades to abduct Persephone
• Theseus rescued by Heracles
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Theseus
Aegeus = Aethra
• Androgeus, son of Minos:– Visited Athens to compete in games
– Was killed
• Minos:– Seeking vengeance, invaded Attica
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Deucalion = Pyrrha
Hellen Amphyction Protogeneia = Zeus
Dorus Xuthus Aeolus
• The descendants of Hellen are the Hellenes, the Greeks
• His sons divided Greece
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The Minoan Saga
• Tectamus emigrated to Crete with an Aeolian and Pelasgian colony
• Tectamus was succeeded as king by his son Asterius
Hellen
Dorus
Tectamus
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• In the reign of Asterius, Zeus brought Europa to Crete
• Asterius married Europa and adopted the three sons she had by Zeus.
• Minos succeeded as king.• Sarpedon and Rhadamanthus both exiled
Eruopa = Zeus
Tectamus
Asterius =
Minos Sarpedon Rhadamanthus
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Minos
• Ruled from Knossos• Married Pasiphae• Developed a substantial navy• Conquered and colonized the Cyclades• Cretan law-giver
– Eunomia– Lycurgus of Sparta obtained the Spartan
laws from Minos
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Minoans
• Discovered by Arthur Evans in 1900
• Palace structures as early as 2000 BC– Hieroglyphic script
– Complete destruction ca 1600 BC.
• Rapid rebuilding program– Knossos
– Vibrant trade with all surrounding regions
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Knossos
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Queen’s Chamber, Knossos
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Knossos Throne Room
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The Bull Fresco
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Minoan Myth
• Arthur Evans– (Re)constructed an image of an idyllic,
sophisticated and benevolent culture of artisans and traders
• Jacquetta Hawkes (1960s)– Imagined a feminist society of peaceful
nature worshippers
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Daedalus
• Grandson of Erechtheus
• Exiled from Athens for a murder
• Emigrated to Crete
• Founder of the arts of sculpture and architecture
• Constructed a wooden cow
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The Cretan Bull
• Poseidon gave Minos a bull for sacrifice
• Minos substituted another
• Poseidon compelled Pasiphae to love the bull:– Pasiphae hid in Daedalus’ cow
– The Bull mounted the cow
– Pasiaphae gave birth to the Minotaur
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Labyrinth
• Minos had Daedalus construct a home for the Minotaur
• Daedalus built the Labyrinth
• After the conquest of Megara, Minos exacted tribute from the Athenians:
• Seven boys and seven girls
• Fed to the Minotaur
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Daedalus and Icarus
• Minos imprisoned Daedalus and his son Icarus.
• Daedalus made wings:– Gathered feathers
– Fastened with wax and string
• Icarus flew too close to the sun
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• On the Hellenic Aviation Training Academy website….?
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Castiza on worth1000.com
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Mourning IcarusDraper ca.1900
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Theseus and the Minotaur
• Theseus volunteers to go to Crete
• Ariadne falls in love with Theseus– Gave Theseus a klew
– Klew is a ball of string or yarn
– Hence, clue in English
• Theseus killed the Minotaur and made his way out of the Labyrinth following the klew.
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Niccolo Bambini, Ariadne and Theseushttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bambini,_Niccolo_-
_Ariadne_and_Theseus.jpg
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Theseus and Ariadne
• Theseus escapes Crete with Ariadne
• They stop at Naxos– Dionysus abducted Ariadne and took her to
Lemnos
– Ariadne was killed there by Artemis “because Dionysus accused her” (Od xi.324)
– Or, Theseus abandoned her and Dionysus fell in love with her
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Le Nain brothers 1635Bacchus and Ariadne
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The Black Sail
• Aegeus:– The tribute ship had black sails as a symbol
of mourning– Aegeus told Theseus to spread white sails
if he survived
• Theseus– In his grief over Ariadne, forgot the white
sail– Aegeus, seeing the black sails, killed
himself.
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King Theseus
• Pallas, brother of Aegeus:– Opposed Theseus
– He and his family killed in the civil war
• Theseus:– Synoicism of Attica
– Founded the Panathenaea
– Founded the ‘government of the people’
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Synoicism
Attica
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• Divided the Athenians into three classes:– The Aristocrats
– The Farmers
– The Labourers
– “To the aristocrats (eupatridae) he committed the care of religion, the magistracies and the supervision of the laws…” (Putarch Theseus 25.1)
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Amazonomachia
• Theseus joined Heracles in the Amazon War.
• Carried off Antiope (or Hippolyta)– By whom he had Hippolytus
• Amazon counter attack repelled at Athens– Depicted on the West Metope of the
Parthenon
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Theseus and Phaedra
• When Minos died, he was succeeded by his son Deucalion
• Deucalion gave Phaedra to Theseus in Marriage
Minos = Pasiphae
Deucalion Phaedra
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Theseus = Phaedra
Demophon Acamas
• Phaedra:– Fell in love with Hippolytus, son of Theseus
and Antiope
– Rejected, she accused him to Theseus who asked Poseidon to kill Hippolytus
– When Theseus discovered the truth, Phaedra killed herself
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Joseph-Desire CourtLa mort d’Hippolyte, 1825
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Phaedra, Alexandre Cabanel ca 1860
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Death of Theseus
• Menestheus– Usurped the throne while Theseus was in
Hades
– Died at Troy later
• Lycomedes– Theseus came to Scyros
– Killed by Lycomedes
– His son, Demophon, succeeded the throne
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