The ARAB-ISRAELI Conflict

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Why?The Holocaust

Slaughtering of Jews during WWII. In Poland and GermanyLed by the Nazis under HitlerAs a result of this event, the West

wanted to help the Jews who survived.The U.Ndecided to create a

homeland for the Jews in 1948.

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Where was the Homeland to be?

Divide Palestine of courseHalf the land went to the Jews=IsraelHalf the land went to the Arabs=no country

Arabs did not agree to the split They had no choice

In 1948 the population of the area was… Arabs 90% Jews 10%

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Hostility of Arabs toward Jews Israel was a Jewish island in a sea of Muslims

The Palestinians and their Arab neighbors never accepted the U.N.’s decision

The Arab nations were clear: Israel did not have the right to exist

In 1948 Egypt, Syria, and Jordan made war for the first time on the new state of Israel and lost

From 1948 to present, a state of war exists between the 2 groups

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Jerusalem was Divided by the United Nations in 1948

East Jerusalem For Palestinians

The Old City Dome of the Rock

Wailing Wall facts

No Israeli Jews allowed here

West Jerusalem For Jews Modern City Israeli Jews not

allowed in East Jerusalem

Jews from other countries my visit either side

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Holiest of Structures Fought over at the Temple Mount

Dome of the Rock-Islam Oldest Islamic landmark

in all of world An Islamic Shrine

Second (3rd) holiest place for Islam—Mecca in Saudi Arabia is first

Where Muhammad ascended into Heaven

Dome of the Rock-Judaism Holiest place on

Earth for Jews Site of the Holy of

Holies The inner sanctuary

of the Holiest of Temples in Jewish tradition

Site where Abraham was to sacrifice Isaac

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Israel’s Reaction to the S.D.W.

They went on the offensive (1967)—they struck first

1st day Completely destroyed the entire Egyptian AF

2nd-6th day With air superiority, they sent their tanks rolling

into Egypt, Jordan, and Syria 6th day

Accepted Arab armies’ surrender8

Israel Captured 4 Regions after the S.D.W.

Region One The Sinai Peninsula

Belonged to EgyptEventually gave back to Egypt

Region Two Gaza

Belonged to EgyptToday, Palestinians want it as their

homeland 9

Region Three The West Bank

Belonged to JordanToday, Palestinians want it as their

homeland

Region Four The Golan Heights

Belonged to SyriaStill belongs to Israel but Syria wants it

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Results of the S.D.W.

Victory Against the odds

Humiliation Showed the Arab countries to be weak The 3 countries lost territory

Revenge Arab World vowed revenge: State of war existed

between Israel and her neighbors

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Results of the S.D.W. cont…Gaza and the West Bank

600,000 Arabs came under Israeli administration

Many young Arabs joined the Palestinian Liberation Organization PLO is a terrorist organization

United Nations Resolution 242 In late 1967, the U.N. ruled that Israel should

withdraw from all of the occupied territories. As of 2003, Israel had not withdrawn

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West Bank People were Jordanian one day and Israeli

the next day—following the S.D.W. Some Palestinians moved to Refugee camps

in Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria Some Palestinians were “evicted” from here

and forced to go to the refugee camps for a small amount of time (the time for them to return did not come)

Jewish settlers started, and continued for many years, building settlements here.

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Palestinian REFUGEE CAMPS Have been in place and managed by the United

Nations since 1948 Most are located in the countries surrounding Israel Israel has stated they would allow citizenship to

displaced Palestinian refugees in Israel if they are law-abiding

The other Arab countries with refugees will not allow citizenship or financial support

Currently the U.N. is funding these camps in Israel and other countries with the support of the U.S. and European countries

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Life in the camps was frustrating to the young people

Little opportunities and education Shortage of all necessary and basic supplies Tent living Some young people became terrorists

because they saw their future so bleakly--PLO

The camps quickly became breeding grounds for more terrorists

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PLO Led by Yasir Arafat Committed sabotage against Israel International Terrorism too:

Midair destruction of civilian airplanes Murder of the entire 1972 Israeli Olympic team in

Munich Germany Called themselves: Black September—subgroup of

PLO

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Punishment for Helping IsraelRaise the price of gasolineOPEC oil crisis of 1974

OPEC= the group of oil-producing countries that set the world price for oil and gasoline

In 1973, the Arab nations decided to punish the U.S. for supporting IsraelMost specifically Saudi Arabia

Gas/oil prices in the U.S. rose a lot and so did the price of everything.All things need to be transported

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Peace: Egypt and Israel 1978

President Anwar Sadat--Egypt

President Sadat, President Carter, and Prime Minister Begin at Camp David

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In 1977, President Sadat made a visit to Israel to sign a peace treaty with Prime Minister Begin after 30 years of war. Israel gave them back the Sinai

PeninsulaIn 1978 Sadat and Begin won the

Nobel Peace PrizeIn 1981, Sadat was assassinated by

Arab terrorists who did not want peace with Israel

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Overall, what is going on? Israel has bombed Lebanon and other places

because of terrorist attacks and camps Others have bombed Israel Israel’s army has arrested masses of Palestinians

for their violence inside Israel, the West Bank and Gaza

Terrorist groups have sprang up: Hamas: Arose in 1980s

Wants Israel destroyed Doesn’t agree with any peace between Israel and the

Palestinians Has been successful in delaying peace agreements

because of their violence 21

Terrorist groups have sprang up cont: Islamic Jihad: Arose in 1980s

Wants Israel destroyed Formed by Palestinian students in Egypt

Hezbollah: Arose in 1980s Led by the leader of the Islamic Revolution in Iran Shia Islamic Group First in Lebanon

Jewish Terrorists: Arose around 1980s

Camp David Accords: 1993 Prime Minister Rabin and Yasir Arafat (PLO leader) signed a

peace treaty that was to: Give Palestinians self-rule in Gaza and the West Bank Israel would eventually withdraw troops from Gaza and West Bank Israel recognized PLO as the legitimate representative of the

Palestinian people—Palestinian Authority PLO recognized Israel’s right to exist

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Jewish terrorists targeted sacred places to all the religions in the area in protest to the C.D. A. They also assassinated Rabin in 1995 because

he did not approve of these actions More violence has occurred since the C.D.A.

and this has led to a break down in Peace. Arafat seemed to not be able to control his

people and this was not tolerated by Israel or the U.S.

Arafat was targeted and as a result he gave up his power.

Hamas took over 2004 Jewish Settlers were pulled out of Gaza Much violence goes on today. 23

Gaza

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West Bank

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Golan Heights

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Current State of Israel Conflict-- still over land Land—

Jerusalem is occupied by Israelis. Want to be the capital of all Israel…UN and its members do not recognize Jerusalem as a capital but as an international property.

Gaza is controlled by Palestinians Palestinians—

Still displaced fighting to hang on to land all throughout Israel

Terrorism— Still an issue

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Resources

http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/3/newsid_2525000/2525341.stm

http://nobelprize.org/nomination/peace/

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