The Arab EmpirePERIOD ONE

TimelineARAB EMPIRE

Arab Empire 610- Muhammad's First Revolution622-The Islamic calendar was created623- Muhammad dies636 - The Battle of Yarmouk750- The Abbasids massacre the Umayyads in Damascus and establish a new caliphate756- Abd-ar-Rahman, escaping from the massacre of his family in Syria, establishes a new Umayyad dynasty at Cordoba762- The Abbasid caliphs create Baghdad as a new capital city on the Tigris1018- Byzantine troops conquered Bulgaria1082- Venetian Treaty of 10821097- Siege of Nicaea

Leaders and PoliticsARAB EMPIRE

Arab empire leaders and politics● the leader was known as a caliphate he served

as a political leader and a religious leader.● In the middle of the 8th century CE,the Arabs

split into two groups: the Sunni and the Shi’ah.

● The political system of the Arabs was an autocracy.

Territory and Major ConflictsARAB EMPIRE

Territory Covered

Major Conflicts

The Arab Empire has had major conflicts with Israel.

Cultural ContributionsARAB EMPIRE

Arab Empire:Cultural Contributions

Arab Contributions to:

Mathematics:

Arabs provided solutions for complicated math problems

The Arab decimal system simplified the course of science

Invented and developed Algebra

Architecture:

Once they developed their skills they focused on the building of mosques and mausoleums

The countries that were influenced by the Arab architecture are Spain, Italy, France , Eastern Europe

and Asia

Medicine:

Improved the healing arts of ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt

In the ninth century, Al-Razi, a medical encyclopedist. Was the first to diagnose smallpox and measles

Religion

The Haigia Sophia was built

Historical SignificanceARAB EMPIRE

Arab EmpireHistorical Significances•LEBANON ATTEMPTED TO PROVIDE FOR POWER SHARING 18 OFFICIALLY RECOGNIZED RELIGIONS; INCLUDING

MARONITE ,ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN, SUNNI AND SHII MUSLIMS, AND DRUZE

• THE POPULATIONS OF THE GROUPS GREW AT DIFFERENT RATES, WHICH BECAME LESS REPRESENTED OF THE NATION AS A

WHOLE AND CIVIL WAR BROKE OUT.

• RELIGIOUS CONFLICT BETWEEN JEWS AND MUSLIMS ; CONTROL OVER IMPORTANT HISTORICAL SITES OF JUDAISM,

CHRISTIANITY, AND ISLAM IS IN THE DISAGREEMENTS, MANY HAVE TO DO WITH CONTROL OF LAND AND ACCESS TO WATER

RESOURCES

• MANY CULTURAL LEADERS WERE NOT ETHNICALLY ARABS ; SOME WERE NOT EVEN MUSLIMS, BUT CHRISTIANS AND JEWS.

• THE EAST AND EUROPE WIDENED THEIR CIVILIZATION AND CONTRIBUTED TO WORLD DEVELOPMENT; EUROPE WAS

PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT IN SICILY, WHICH THEY HELD FROM THE 9TH TO THE LATE 11TH CENTURY THE CIVILIZATION OF THE

MOORS IN SPAIN WAS PART OF THE GREAT ARABIC PATTERN.

•KNOWLEDGE AND SCHOLASTICISM WAS THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN WESTERN SCIENCE WERE PARTS FROM THE ARABS.

ALSO, THE ARABS INTRODUCED EUROPE TO THE GREEK PHILOSOPHERS, WRITINGS THEY HAD ALREADY TRANSLATED INTO

ARABIC.

•THE EMERGENCE OF THE SELJUK TURKS IN THE 11TH CENTURY AND THE OTTOMAN TURKS IN THE 13TH CENTURY ENDED ARAB

DOMINANCE IN ISLAM BUT MUSLIM CULTURE STILL REMAINED ON THE OLD ARAB FOUNDATIONS.

Arab Muslims Conquer and Convert Most of Arabian Tribes Under Muhammad (632 AD)

Muslim Arabs Conquer Iraq from Persian Sassanid Empire (633 – 636 AD)

Muslim Conquest of Persia (638 – 644 AD) Arab Muslims conquer Egypt (641 AD). Arab Muslims conquer large tracts of land from weakened Byzantine Empire by 656 AD. Beginning of "First Fitna" (Muslim Civil War) in 656 AD:

Ali Selected as Caliph After Uthman's Assassination (656 AD)

Battle of Bassorah (656 AD)

Muawiyah Defeats Ali - Beginning of Umayyad Dynasty (657 – 661AD)

Muslim Capital Moved to Damascus, Syria (661 AD)

Iraqi Revolt (686 – 691AD)

Fall of the Umayyad Dynasty to Abbasid Dynasty (749 – 750AD)

Foundation of Baghdad by Abbasids (762AD):

Abbasid Decline (850 – 930AD)

Fatimid Dynasty Conquers North Africa & Syria (909 – 969AD)

Arab EmpireHistorical Significances

"Arab Invasions: The First Islamic Empire." History Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2013.

"Rise of Islam & Arab Empires." Rise of Islam & Arab Empires. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2013.

"Islam, The Arab Empire Of The Umayyads." Islam, The Arab Empire Of The Umayyads. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2013