the angiosperms
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7/24/2019 The Angiosperms
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The angiosperms, or fowering plants, are one
he major groups o extant seed plants and arguably th
most diverse major extant plant group on the plane
with at least 260,000 living species classied in !
amilies #$udd et al%, 2002& '() **, 200"& +oltis et a
200!% They occupy every habitat on -arth exce
extreme environments such as the highe
mountaintops, the regions immediately surrounding th
poles, and the deepest oceans% They live as epiphytei%e%, living on other plants, as foating and roote
a.uatics in both reshwater and marine habitats, and a
errestrial plants that vary tremendously in si/
ongevity, and overall orm% They can be small herb
parasitic plants, shrubs, vines, lianas, or giant tree
There is a huge amount o diversity in chemistry #ote
as a deense against herbivores, reproductiv
morphology, and genome si/e and organi/ation that
unparalleled in other members o the (lant ingdom
1urthermore, angiosperms are crucial or huma
existence& the vast majority o the worlds crops aangiosperms, as are most natural clothing ber
'ngiosperms are also sources or other importa
esources such as medicine and timber%
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Characteristics:3espite their diversity,
angiosperms are clearly united by a suite o
synapomorphies #i%e%, shared, derived eatures
ncluding 4 ovules that are enclosed within a carpel,
that is, a structure that is made up o an ovary,
which encloses the ovules, and the stigma, a
structure where pollen germination ta5es place, 2
double ertili/ation, which leads to the ormation o
n endosperm #a nutritive tissue within the seed thateeds the developing plant embryo, " stamens with
two pairs o pollen sacs, eatures o gametophyte
structure and development, and ! phloem tissue
composed o sieve tubes and companion cells % 'll
available evidence strongly rejects hypotheses o
more thone evolutionary origin o extant
angiosperms%
'ngio sperm are fowering plants
They are the most abundant o all plants
They contain ruit ex% 'pply,oranges
'ngiosperms reproduced by pollination
Angiospermae is the scientic name o
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angiosperm
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