The Anatomy of Nutrition

Today

• Today we will be discussing the anatomy of nutrition and learning about the six essential nutrient groups

• View and take notes on the Anatomy demo and History of food PowerPoint

Nutrient SANDWICH• Contains ALL six essential nutrients

–Carbohydrates

–Vitamins

–Minerals

–Fats

–Proteins

–Water

CARBOHYDRATES

• Carbohydrates provide energy. Complex carbohydrates release energy slowly and steadily. Simple Carbohydrates provide short spurts of quick energy.

• What are some examples of simple and complex carbohydrates?

• Simple: – sugars:

• fruit, milk

• Complex: – starches and fibers:

• bread, pasta, cereal

FATS

• Fats supply the body with its most concentrated source of energy.

• Fats are essential, BUT ONLY in small amounts

PROTEINS

• Often called the body building blocks, proteins aid in growth and healing after injuries.

• ENZYMES– Special proteins that control chemical activity

in living organisms

WATER

• EVERY chemical reaction in the body needs water. Water is part of many fruits and vegetables.

• To get enough you also need to drink eight, eight ounce glasses of water each day

MINERALS

• Minerals are used in minute amounts only.

• They become part of the body’s bones, tissues and fluids

VITAMINS

• Vitamins are critical, but only needed in small amounts

• Many different items are involved in the body’s chemical reactions

Nutrition

History Highlights

History

• Some ancient people credited food with

having magical powers

• 400 B.C. Hippocrates “the father of modern medicine”

• Taught that people could learn what was good for them by reasoning and observable facts

Hippocrates

• Studies led him to believe that foods contain life-giving substances

• It took 2,000 years for the scientific method proved him right

• In the mid-1700’s

Discovery• British sailors suffered from Scurvy

– Circulatory disease, NOW known to result from a vitamin c deficiency, causes bleeding gums, weakened blood vessels and fatigue

• In the 1740’s a British physician did a study on scurvy with 12 soldiers who had the illness (p. 176)

• The illness disappeared in only sailors who ate limes and lemons

• Limes became required provisions for soldiers• Nicknamed LIMEYS

Lavoisier

• 30 years later chemist Antoine Lavoisier was playing with fire and explored what happened when things burn

• Discovered that burning required a certain gas, which he named……

–OXYGEN• Scientists now use the name OXIDATION to

describe chemical reactions in which elements combine with oxygen

Lavoisier Con’t

• Suspected that living organisms use oxygen to create heat energy, similar to the way a candle does

• He was RIGHT!

• Living organisms are made of chemical compounds

Another Discovery

• As organisms take in oxygen from the air, the carbon and hydrogen in their cells oxidize. Carbon dioxide and water vapor form during the reaction, releasing heat energy. The heat maintains the body temperature and provide energy for the organisms activities

• What is this process called?

Prove it!

• To prove his theories Lavoisier conducted experiments on guinea pigs

• And his assistant Seguin• Seguin dressed himself in an airtight suite

and breathed through a tube while in different situations and Lavoisier measured his oxygen consumption

• Because of his experiments Lavoisier is known as “THE FATHER OF NUTRITION”

Because of You

• Because of Lavoisier many scientist conducted calorimetric studies

• Research continues today in many universities and laboratories

• So far scientists have discovered 50 compounds that prevent diseases, promote growth and support reproduction in humans