the american revolution chapters 7 and 8

The American Revolution

Chapters 7 and 8

SS4H4 The student will explain the causes, events, and results of the American

Revolution.• a. Trace the events that shaped the revolutionary movement in

America, including the French and Indian War, British Imperial Policy that led to the 1765 Stamp Act, the slogan “no taxation without representation,” the activities of the Sons of Liberty, and the Boston Tea Party.

• b. Explain the writing of the Declaration of Independence; include who wrote it, how it was written, why it was necessary, and how it was a response to tyranny and the abuse of power.

• c. Describe the major events of the American Revolution and explain the factors leading to American victory and British defeat; include the Battles of Lexington and Concord, Saratoga, and Yorktown.

• d. Describe key individuals in the American Revolution with emphasis on King George III, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Benedict Arnold, Patrick Henry, and John Adams.

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Christopher Columbus lands at San Salvador

First Colony at Jamestown

James Oglethorpe establishes

Georgia

125 years 115 years

Maine

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Connecticut

New York

Pennsylvania

New Jersey

Delaware

Maryland

Virginia

North Carolina

South Carolina

Georgia

Text pages 166-181

Text pages

188-201

Text pages

202-217

Imports

to bring items IN from another

country

Exports

to send items out to another country

Text page 175

Indigo

Tobacco

Rice

Cotton

Cash Crops

Text pages 210-211

The

Middle

Passage Text book

page 176

Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it…..

George Santayana

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Georgia

125 years

1754-1763

115 years

French and Indian War


12 years

War between France and Britain

England and France fought for control of the Ohio River Valley. The land included rivers which allowed for transportation of goods.

Native Americans living in the area traded furs with the French in exchange for guns. The French wanted to keep England out of this trade.

A young officer named George Washington lead soldier into battle against the French. England had to send in more troops.

Text book page 228

Text book page 229

Benjamin Franklin had a plan to unite the 13 colonies to fight against France. He believed the colonies could fight better if they worked together. The plan is called The Albany Plan because the group met in Albany, New York to discuss it.

The Albany Plan would allow each colony to keep it’s own government, but also have an overall

government.

The colonies did not agree because they did not want to join together under one government.

Text book page 229

Britain (colonies) was losing the French and Indian War.

William Pitt became a leader in Britain’s parliament in 1757.

He sent more ships and soldier to North America.

In 1763, France was ready to make peace with Britain.

The two countries signed an agreement called the

Treaty of Paris.

Text book page 230

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Georgia

125 years

1754-1763

115 years


Treaty of Paris


12 years

Louisiana

Text book page 230

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Georgia

125 years

1754-1763

115 years


Treaty of Paris

The Proclamation of

1763


12 years

Louisiana

Appalachian Mountains

Mississippi River

The Proclamation of 1763 said that …

colonist could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains.

Text book page 230

Who pays

•for the guns?

•for the ammunition?

•Soldiers (uniforms, food, housing)?

The British planned to raise money by collecting taxes.A tax is money that people pay to their

government in return for services.

Taxes were also be on goods (such as cloth and tea) that imported (brought into the colony).

Text book page 234

Taxes•The Stamp Act – taxed almost everything that was printed (newspapers, calendars, playing cards)

•The Sugar Act – taxed sugar and other imported goods such as coffee and cloth

Colonist believed it was not fair to be taxed by a Parliament far away.

Taxes should be passed by their local representatives.

Taxation without RepresentationText book page 234-

235

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Georgia

125 years

1754-1763

115 years


Treaty of Paris

The Proclamation of

1763

1764-1767

Taxes:

Stamp Act

The Townshend Acts


12 years

Patrick Henry

Patrick Henry made a speech against the Stamp Act. He said Britain was using its power unfairly.

Samuel Adams

Samuel Adams became the leader of the Sons of Liberty. They organized a protest against the Stamp Act.

Text book page 235

Sons of Liberty

Text book page 235

http://www.bostonteapartyship.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/sons-of-liberty-illustration.jpg

What can you do when you disagree with the GOVERNMENT?

Boycott – a group of people refuse to buy, sell, or use certain goods

The boycotts and protests worked. Parliament agreed to repeal the Stamp Act.

To repeal a law means to cancel it.

Text book page 236

But does that mean no more taxes for the colonist?

The Townshend Acts

British Parliament creates a new tax on tea, glass, lead, paints, and paper that the colonist import.

So the women get involved…..

Text book page 237

Daughters of LibertyThe women boycott the taxed imported cloth from Britain. They began to weave their own

cloth. British merchants lost money.

Text book page 237

So the British government

removed the taxes on everything

except –

TEA!Text book page 237

Trouble in BostonOn March 5, 1771, people in Boston argued with British soldiers. Someone threw a snowball and a soldier fired his gun.

Five colonist were killed. One was Crispus Attucks, an African American sailor.

Angry colonists called the fight a massacre which means the killing of many people.

Text book page 240

This picture was created by Paul Revere showing soldiers shooting at colonist

who are not angry. Notice they have no weapons.

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Georgia

125 years

1754-1763

115 years


Treaty of Paris

The Proclamation of

1763

1764-1767

Taxes:

Stamp Act

The Townshend Acts

1770

The Boston Massacre


12 years

As a results of the Boston Massacre, Samuel Adams set up the Committees of Correspondence. This is a

way to share written news with all the colonies.

Text book page 241

In 1773, Parliament passed the Tea Act. This law allowed the East India Company of Britain to sell tea at a very low price (so more people would want to buy it.) Colonist did not want to buy from Britain, so the tea sat on ships in the harbor.

On the night of December 16, 1773, several dozen of the Sons of Liberty boarded the ship and threw the tea overboard. This was the Boston Tea Party.

You’re

invited

to a

Tea

Party!

Text book page 242

1492 1607 1732



Georgia

125 years

1754-1763

115 years


Treaty of Paris

The Proclamation of

1763

1764-1767

Taxes:

Stamp Act

The Townshend Acts

1770

The Boston Massacre


12 years

1773

The Boston Tea Party

Britain fights back with the Coercive Acts to punish the colonists. These acts were meant to punish the colonists.(Coerce means to force.)

The colonist called them The Intolerable Acts. (Intolerable means unbearable.)

On September 5, 1777, delegates from every colony (except Georgia) met in Philadelphia to write a letter to the British government.

Text book page 243

This is known as the First

Continental Congress.

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Georgia

125 years

1754-1763

115 years


Treaty of Paris

The Proclamation of

1763

1764-1767

Taxes:

Stamp Act

The Townshend Acts

1770

The Boston Massacre

1773



12 years

1774

First Continental Congress

(September)

Colonist who opposed British rule called themselves

Patriots.

Text book page 250

People of the American Revolution

Patriots• George Washington• Benjamin Franklin

• Samuel Adams• Paul Revere

• William Dawes• Patrick Henry

British Leaders• King George III• Thomas Gage

Thomas Gage General Thomas Gage was the British governor of Massachusetts. He had orders to stop any rebellion of colonists. He learned that Patriots were storing up gunpowder and cannons in Concord. He decided to send British troops to destroy them.

Patriots learned of his plan and set up a plan to alert people that the British Regulars were coming to attack. They would hang one lantern in the North Church steeple if the Regulars were coming by the land route and two lanterns would mean they were coming by sea.

Text book page 250

Paul Revere Paul Revere became a

messenger for the colonists in their fight against the British. On the night of April 18, 1775, Revere and William Dawes waited for a signal from the steeple of the Old North Church in Boston; one lantern meant that the British were coming by land, two lanterns meant that the British were coming by sea. Two lanterns were shining; this meant that the British were coming by sea.

This was the beginning of the American Revolution.

William Dawes

Text book page 251

Their plan was to ride borrowed horses from Boston to Lexington, and on to Concord, Massachusetts, to warn the people that the British were coming. Revere was captured by the British near Lexington, and Samuel Prescott (who had joined them on the ride) made it to Concord, warning Samuel Adams and John Hancock to protect the military equipment stored at Concord.

Text book page 251

Text book page 251

1492 1607 1732



Georgia

125 years

1754-1763

115 years


Treaty of Paris

The Proclamation of

1763

1764-1767

Taxes:

Stamp Act

The Townshend Acts

1770

The Boston Massacre

1773



1774

Paul Revere’s Ride


(September)

12 years

Listen my children and you shall hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,

On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five; Hardly a man is now alive

Who remembers that famous day and year. He said to his friend, "If the British march

By land or sea from the town to-night, Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry arch

Of the North Church tower as a signal light,– One if by land, and two if by sea;

And I on the opposite shore will be, Ready to ride and spread the alarm

Through every Middlesex village and farm, For the country folk to be up and to arm."

The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere

By

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Let’s read about the first battles from our text

book,

pages 252 and 253.

1774



(September)

April 19, 1775

“the shot heard ‘round the world”

The Battles of Lexington and

Concord

June 16, 1775

Battle of Bunker Hill

“Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes.”

William Prescott

Text book page 252-251

Second Continental Congress

The colonies again send delegates to Philadelphia. They established a formal army, The Continental Army under the command of George Washington.

The Congress also made another attempt at peace with The Olive Brach Petition. Colonist would remain under the British rule – they just wanted to be treated fairly – have a say in their government.

NO DEAL!!

Text book page 254

Fighting continues….Battle at Fort Ticonderoga

The Patriots take control of the British

Fort in New York.

On the night of May 9, the 100 soldiers approached Fort Ticonderoga and early in the morning of May 10, they stormed the fort, but most of the British soldiers were sleeping, so their were no casualties. Ethan Allen stood outside the officer's quarters and yelled "Come out of there, you old rat!" The officer quickly surrendered the fort, and it was marked a colonial victory.

Text book page 254

1774



(September)

April 19, 1775



Concord

1775

June 16


July

2nd Continental Convention

May 9-10

Fort Ticonderoga

Not all colonist supported the Patriots.

Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet in January, 1776, called Common Sense. He explained the need for the colonist to promote independence from Britain.

King Georg

e III

treats

the

colonies

unfairl

y

Text book page 263

“Give me liberty or give me death!” Patrick Henry

Text book page 262

1774



(September)

April 19, 1775



Concord

1775

June 16


July

2nd Continental Convention

May 9-10

Fort Ticonderoga

July 4, 1776

The Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson and four others

write

The Declaration of Independence.


When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

Sometimes one group of people decide to split off from another group, and to become an independent country, as the laws of Nature and of God say that they can. But when this happens, if they want other people to respect them, they should explain why they are splitting off.

We think these things are obviously true: That all men are created equal That all men have some rights given to them

by God That among these rights are life, liberty, and

the pursuit of happiness.

So whenever any government is getting in the way of these rights, people have the right to change it or get rid of it, and to make a new government, in whatever way seems most likely to make them safe and happy.People should not change their government without a good reason, so people usually suffer as long as they can under the government they have, rather than change it. But when there have been a lot of problems for a long time, it is their right and their duty to throw off that government, and to set up a better government.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. —That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness

WHY

RIGHTS

We here in America have suffered for a very long time, and now we should change our government. The king of England has done many bad things to us - here is a list:He won't let us pass laws we need for everybody's good. Even when we do pass laws, he won't sign them so they can go into effect. He tried to force men to give up their right to make laws. He calls men together to make laws in the most inconvenient times and places, so that they won't be able to go discuss the new laws. He won't let new settlers come to America, and he won't let the settlers take over new land from the Native Americans. He won't let us choose our own judges, and instead he chooses them all himself, so they're all on his side. He sends lots of new government officials that we don't want, and he makes us pay for them. He sends lots of English soldiers here when there isn't even a war, and makes us let them live in our own houses. He tells us these soldiers can do whatever they want and don't have to obey the law. He won't let us buy and sell things from wherever we want. We can only buy things from England. He makes us pay all kinds of taxes without asking us about it. He won't let us have a jury for our trials, only a judge. He sends people accused of crimes far away to England for their trials. He tries to get people to revolt and tries to get the "Indian Savages" to attack us.When we ask him to stop, he just keeps on doing more bad things. We have tried to talk to the other people who live in England. We asked them to stop these crimes against us, but they have acted as though they were deaf. So we have to separate from England, and they will be our enemies during the war, though we hope they'll be our friends when there is peace.So we think that God will see that we are doing the right thing when we declare that the United States are now completely independent of the King of England. We have no more political connection to England at all. And as independent states, we say that each state has the right to make war, to make peace, to make alliances with other countries, trade with other countries, and do everything else that countries do. And we promise that we will fight for our independence with the help of God - we promise by our lives, our property, and our sacred honor.

Complaints against King George III

Signatures on the

Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson John Hancock John Adams Benjamin Franklin

The Declaration of Independence is presented to the Continental Congress.

Text book page 266

Would you have signed

The Declaration of Independence?

TREASON

Delegates knew that signing the Declaration was dangerous. Britain would call it treason. Treason is the crime of fighting against one’s own country.

Anyone who signed the Declaration could be charged with treason and hanged.

And still –

they signed!

Text book page 266

Not every colonist agreed…

Patriots

Neutral

Loyalist

Minutemen

Text book page 270

Women and the War

Deborah Sampson

dressed in men’s clothing and joined the

army.

Molly Pitcher,

Mary Ludwig Hayes,

fought in her husband’s place

when he was injured.

Phyllis Wheatley wrote a poem about George Washington praising him and the cause of freedom.

Text book page 272

Pros and Cons of the Continental Army

PROS

(the good things)

•Fighting on home ground

•Used their knowledge of the land to plan attacks

•Had a cause they believed in

•Had a great leader

Cons

(the bad things)

•Patriots did not have formal training

•Weapons were not as good

In the spring of 1776, the soldiers of Washington’s army forced the British out of Boston. The British did not give up. In August they defeated the Continental Army in the Battle of Long Island. Washington’s army had to retreat (to move away from the enemy.)

Nathan Hale was sent as a spy behind the enemy lines. He was captured and hanged. His last words were, “I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”

Text book page 279

Washington’s next battle ended in a victory in Trenton, New Jersey.

He planned a surprise attack during the night of December 25, 1776. He and his men rowed across the Delaware River and attacked sleepy soldiers. His men took 1000 prisoners.

Text book page 279

Timeline of Battles

1775

Lexington and Concord

Bunker Hill

1776

Long Island Monmouth Court House

Trenton

Saratoga

Bennington

Princeton

Germantown

Brandywine

1777 1778

American Victory British VictoryNeutral

Text book page 280

July 4, 1776


1776-1778

Ten battles during the first 2 years of the war

Winter of 1777

Washington’s soldier hunker down at Valley Forge. The winter was very harsh and is referred to as the Winter of the Red Snow. Washington was joined by French soldiers and a German

soldier, Baron Friedrich con Steuben, who helped train the solders.


"I was riding with Mr. Potts near to the Valley Forge where the army lay during the war of ye Revolution, when Mr. Potts said, 'Do you see that woods & that plain? There laid the army of Washington. It was a most distressing time of ye war, and all were for giving up the Ship but that great and good man. In that woods (pointing to a close in view) I heard a plaintive sound as of a man at prayer. I tied my horse to a sapling & went quietly into the woods. To my astonishment I saw the great George Washington on his knees alone, with his sword on one side and his cocked hat on the other. He was at Prayer to the God of the Armies, beseeching to interpose with his Divine aid, as it was ye Crisis & the cause of the country, of humanity & of the world. Such a prayer I never heard from the lips of man. I left him alone praying. I went home & told my wife. We never thought a man could be a soldier & a Christian, but if there is one in the world, it is Washington. We thought it was the cause of God & America could prevail."

Source: Eyewitness testimony of Isaac Potts, a Valley Forge resident who shared the following story with the Rev. Nathaniel Randolph Snowden (1770-1851), who then recorded it in his "Diary and Remembrances."

Let’s read about the War in the

South and West from our text

book,

Pages 286-287.

July 4, 1776


1776-1778


Winter of 1777

Text book page 286

1779

The British invade the South

July 4, 1776


1776-1778


Winter of 1777

Text book page 288

1779

The British invade the South

Summer of 1781

British army, under General

Cornwallis, surrenders at

Yorktown

July 4, 1776


Text book page 288

September 3, 1783

The United States and Britain sign the

Treaty of Paris.

The treaty gave the Patriots two things they wanted most

•To be an independent nation

and

•Gain new lands west to the Mississippi

River

7 years 1 month 30 days

the american revolution chapters 7 and 8

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