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Page 1: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

The American Renaissance

andTranscendentalism

The American Renaissance

andTranscendentalism

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Page 2: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

By the mid-19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing

By the mid-19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing

Search for American Literary Identity

Search for American Literary Identity

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Page 3: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

Hawthorne & MelvilleHawthorne & Melville

Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville became friends

Saw a dark side to human existence: sought to record this aspect of human nature in their works

Melville wrote a patriotic essay urging Americans to create their own literary identity

Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville became friends

Saw a dark side to human existence: sought to record this aspect of human nature in their works

Melville wrote a patriotic essay urging Americans to create their own literary identity

Page 4: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

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Declaration of Literary Independence

Declaration of Literary Independence

“American Renaissance”- Means rebirth- Describes the explosion of American literary genius

“American Renaissance”- Means rebirth- Describes the explosion of American literary genius

Page 5: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

Pioneers of American Literature

Pioneers of American Literature

Nathaniel HawthorneHerman MelvilleRalph Waldo EmersonHenry David Thoreau

Nathaniel HawthorneHerman MelvilleRalph Waldo EmersonHenry David Thoreau

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

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Page 6: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

Ralph Waldo EmersonRalph Waldo Emerson

Inspired reform movements toImprove public educationEnd slaveryElevate status of womenImprove social conditions

Inspired utopean projects - plans for creating a perfect society

Inspired reform movements toImprove public educationEnd slaveryElevate status of womenImprove social conditions

Inspired utopean projects - plans for creating a perfect society

Page 7: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

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TranscendentalismTranscendentalism

Transcend: to exist above and apart from the material world

By meditation, by communing with nature, and through work and art, man could transcend his senses and attain an understanding of beauty, goodness, and truth

Transcend: to exist above and apart from the material world

By meditation, by communing with nature, and through work and art, man could transcend his senses and attain an understanding of beauty, goodness, and truth

Page 8: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

PuritansJonathan Edwards: God reveals himself through the physical world

RomanticsWilliam Cullen Bryant: death is simply part of the life cycle

PuritansJonathan Edwards: God reveals himself through the physical world

RomanticsWilliam Cullen Bryant: death is simply part of the life cycle

Roots of Transcendentalism

Roots of Transcendentalism

Page 9: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

A Transcendentalist’s View of the World

A Transcendentalist’s View of the World

Everything in the world, including human beings, is a reflection of the Divine Soul. Each individual soul is made up of the same stuff as the universal soul (kind of like the idea of The Force in Star Wars)

Everything in the world, including human beings, is a reflection of the Divine Soul. Each individual soul is made up of the same stuff as the universal soul (kind of like the idea of The Force in Star Wars)

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Page 10: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

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A Transcendentalist’s View of the World

A Transcendentalist’s View of the World

The physical facts of the natural world are a doorway to the spiritual or ideal world (the spiritual world is simply a reflection of the natural world and vice-versa)

People can use their intuition to behold God’s spirit revealed in nature or their own souls

The physical facts of the natural world are a doorway to the spiritual or ideal world (the spiritual world is simply a reflection of the natural world and vice-versa)

People can use their intuition to behold God’s spirit revealed in nature or their own souls

Page 11: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

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A Transendentalist’s View of the World

A Transendentalist’s View of the World

Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and blind conformity to custom and tradition (like Romanticism, the individual is the most important)

Spontaneous feelings and intuition are superior to deliberate intellectualism and rationality (like Romanticism)

Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and blind conformity to custom and tradition (like Romanticism, the individual is the most important)

Spontaneous feelings and intuition are superior to deliberate intellectualism and rationality (like Romanticism)

Page 12: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

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Emerson & Transcendentalism

Emerson & Transcendentalism

Emerson’s utopian group known as “The Transcendental Club”

Most influential transcendentalist

“Every natural fact is a symbol of some spiritual fact”

Emerson’s utopian group known as “The Transcendental Club”

Most influential transcendentalist

“Every natural fact is a symbol of some spiritual fact”

Page 13: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

Emerson & Transcendentalism

Emerson & Transcendentalism

Intuition over logic Intuition = our capacity to know things immediately through emotions rather than reasoning

Contrasts with rational thinking of someone like Benjamin Franklin

Opposed deism (the idea that the universe was rationally designed by divinity who endowed humanity with reason)

Intuition over logic Intuition = our capacity to know things immediately through emotions rather than reasoning

Contrasts with rational thinking of someone like Benjamin Franklin

Opposed deism (the idea that the universe was rationally designed by divinity who endowed humanity with reason)

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Page 14: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

Emerson & Transcendentalism

Emerson & Transcendentalism

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Optimism & IdealismGod can be found directly in nature and the individual - discover this, and you will find meaning in life

Natural events can be explained on a spiritual level (think “Thanatopsis”)

Optimism & IdealismGod can be found directly in nature and the individual - discover this, and you will find meaning in life

Natural events can be explained on a spiritual level (think “Thanatopsis”)

Page 15: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

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Thoreau & Transcendentalism

Thoreau & Transcendentalism

Stayed secluded in a cabin at Walden Pond in Massachusetts to rediscover the grandeur and heroism of a simple life led close to nature

Wrote in a style that imitated nature

Walden is one of the most well-known works produced in America

Stayed secluded in a cabin at Walden Pond in Massachusetts to rediscover the grandeur and heroism of a simple life led close to nature

Wrote in a style that imitated nature

Walden is one of the most well-known works produced in America

Page 16: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

Thoreau & Transcendentalism

Thoreau & Transcendentalism

Protested Mexican WarRefused to pay poll taxRadical abolitionist“Resistance to Civil Government”Essay on passive resistanceInspired Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.

Protested Mexican WarRefused to pay poll taxRadical abolitionist“Resistance to Civil Government”Essay on passive resistanceInspired Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.

Page 17: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

Thoreau & Transcendentalism

Thoreau & Transcendentalism

“I should have told them at once that I was a Transcendentalist - that would have been the shortest way of telling them that they would not understand my explanations."

“I should have told them at once that I was a Transcendentalist - that would have been the shortest way of telling them that they would not understand my explanations."

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Page 18: The American Renaissance and Transcendentalism. By the mid- 19th century, people were wondering if America could produce great writing Search for American

SourcesSources

Lit Book p 206-214, 230-231http://www.pbs.org/wnet/ihas/icon/transcend.html

http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/

http://www.google.com

Lit Book p 206-214, 230-231http://www.pbs.org/wnet/ihas/icon/transcend.html

http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/

http://www.google.com

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/ihas/icon/transcend.html
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/ihas/icon/transcend.html
http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/
http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/
http://www.google.com/
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/ihas/icon/transcend.html
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/ihas/icon/transcend.html
http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/
http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/
http://www.google.com/

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