the american period in the philippines
TRANSCRIPT
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Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos
Transcribed by Nikko Izar
The American Period in the Philippines
The American Colonial Policies
First Phase of Revolution
- The start of Emilio Aguinaldo’s government is the end of the Katipunan
- Loss of Spanish Empire in the Orient
- Philippine Independent Church – Gregorio Aglipay or The Aglipayan Church
Spanish American War
- Battle in Manila Bay and Mock Battle in Manila
- George Dewey, Spencer Pratt and Emilio Aguinaldo
- Informal alliance of Emilio Aguinaldo and the Americans
- Betrayal of the Americans
- The Americans need the Filipinos to buy time in waiting for the reinforcement
- Philippine American War Battle in San Juan Bridge February 4, 1899
- Private William Grayson
- 1898 – Americans are friends
- 1899 – Americans are enemies
- Apolinario Mabini – sublime paralytic adviser of Emilio Aguinaldo
- Battle of Tirad Pass – Gregorio del Pilar
- Assassination of Gen. Antonio Luna
- Capture of Emilio Aguinaldo in Palanan, Isabela .
Policy of Pacification
- Military Government – Military General Wesley Meritt, Elwell Otis and Arthur McArthur
- Benevolent Assimilation – Americans are not invaders/conquerors but FRIENDS
- Proclaimed by President William Mckinley
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Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos
Transcribed by Nikko Izar
- Embarrassing if they will not colonize the Philippines; there will be anarchy in the Philippines in the hands of the Filipinos, Manifest destiny of the Americans to COLONIZE, CIVILIZE, CHRISTIANIZE AND EDUCATE the Filipinos
- Foreign interest in the Philippines: British, French, Japanese and the Germans
- 1. First / Schurman Commission
- 2. Second / Taft Commission
- Effects:
- -Americans’ message of goodwill
- -investigate, survey, recommendation and implementation of laws in the Philippines
- -bicameral legislature – Philippine Commission and Philippine Assembly
- -establishment of civil government
new chartered cities – Cebu, Iloilo, Bacolod, Davao, Zamboanga, San Pedro, Quezon City, Cavite and Tagaytay
-reorganization of municipal and provincial government
-opening of public school system (Primary and Secondary)
-Philippine Constabulary
-Civil service system
Howard Taft
William Cameron Forbes
Luke Wright
Henry Ide
James Smith Burton
Francis Burton Harrison Leonard Wood
Henry Stimson
Dwight Davies
Theodore Roosevelt
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Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos
Transcribed by Nikko Izar
Frank Murphy Suppressing Nationalism
- Flag Law
- Sedition Law
- Re-concentration Act
- Brigandage Act
Policy of Attraction
Economic Development
-Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act
-Underwood-Simmons Act
- Improvement in the Transportation and Communication
- Policy of Filipinization Philippine Commission – Federal Party –
Pro-Americans – Democrats – Opposition
- Philippine Assembly
- Philippine Bill 1902 / Cooper Act
- Filipino commissions in Washington
- Council of State
Philippine Assembly:
Speaker of the House – Sergio Osmeña
Majority Floor Leader – Manuel Quezon
Policy of Independence
- Wood-Forbes Mission (enemies of Independence)
- Lack of sufficient resources
- Philippine economy is still dependent with the economy of the United States
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Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos
Transcribed by Nikko Izar
- There are still many graft and corruption in the government
- Philippines is not yet ready to defend itself from other aggressors
- Problems in taxation and revenues; maldistribution of lands or agrarian and social problems
- There was still political instability
- Filipinos participation in the elections
- Political Parties:
-Independence Party or Nationalist Party
-Democratic Party
- Jones Law – Granting of Independence to the Philippines
- The Hare Hawes Cutting Law and Tydings Mcduffie Law
Effects of the American period in the Philippines
- Purchasing of Friar Lands
- Spanish weights and measures – improved
- Modern machines
- Agricultural Products increased
- Export Crops: Sugar, Copra, Coconut, Metals and Hemp
- Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909 – partial free trade of the Philippines and the United States
- Underwood-Simons Tariff Act – Full trade
- Because of the Free Market of America, the annual balance of trade was generally in favor of the Philippines
- Defects of Free Trade with the United States brought economic prosperity to the Filipinos which in turn resulted in a higher standard of living, better health and sanitation and social advancement
- But Philippine economic prosperity is only artificial, economically Philippine economy became dependent in American Markets.
- Filipinos neglected to develop other markets in other countries such as Great Britain, Spain, China, France, Germany and Holland.
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Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos
Transcribed by Nikko Izar
- -Industrial Development – advent of the industrial age in the Philippines
- -Philippine cigar and cigarette factories, coconut oil mills, sugar and other minerals
- -Growth: Mat and Hat, Cloth weaving industry, rattan and wood furniture, pottery and brick industry, slipper industry
- -NEPA- National Economic Protectionism Association
- - Improved and the development of Philippine Products: piña, jusi cloth, Ilocano blankets, towels, hemp slippers, Marikina shoes, bakyas, hats, Barong Tagalog and Balintawak for Filipinas
- Creation of many roads- Gov. Gen. Cameron Forbes
- Manila-Dagupan Railway- Philippine Railway Company
- Opening of shipping ports
- MERALCO – old Spanish horse drawn street car line in Manila organized by Charles M. Swift
- American imported electric street cars
- China clipper
- PLDT – communication
- Currency – Silver to Gold
- Philippine Postal Savings Banks
- Philippine National Bank
- Influences – most westernized nation in Asia
- Asian Identity ?
- More European than Asian?
- Democracy – extended to the to Filipino masses (Common “Tao”)
- Food
- Cigarette
- Clothes
- Use of Mr. and Ms.
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Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos
Transcribed by Nikko Izar
- Being Frank, Broadminded, Humor and Sportsmanship
- Equality – brothers, sisters
- Kissing the hands, “mano po”
- Family Prayers
- Women – freedom, no chaperons, work, sports and education
- Popular Education – Public Schools – Thomasites
- Freedom
- Health
- English names
- English Literature
- Streets, plazas, hotels, hospitals, movie houses, banks, restaurants, stores, commercial firms, bridges, schools and colleges- English names
- Moro-moro to Zarsuela
- Newspaper- Manila Daily Bulletin
- Elevators, aircon, columns- Corinthian, Doric, Ionic, Graeco, Roman, Gothic and Byzantine
- Guillermo Tolentino – Bonifacio Monument
- American Song hits and dance
- Protestant Christianity
- Holywood Silent Movies- “Talkies”
- Physical Education
- Sportmanship
- Ballroom Dancing
- Philippine Heroes
- National Heroes Day, Bonifacio and Rizal Day, Valentines Day
- Christmas Tree, Christmas Lights, Cards and Halloween Party
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Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Lecture from Prof Francis August Ramos
Transcribed by Nikko Izar