the american colonists a voice in government electing representatives to the legislature no taxation...
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The American Colonists• A voice in government• Electing representatives to the
legislature• No taxation without
representation• Citizens participate in
government through voting• Citizens have the responsibility
to work toward the common good
• Value placed on religious freedom and freedom of the press (Roger Williams/John Peter Zenger)
• Citizens standing up for their rights
• Principles– DEMOCRACY– POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY– INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES– PROTECTION AGAINST
TYRANNY
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The English
• A documented list of rights that not even the government can take away (Magna Carta, 1215; English Bill of Rights 1689)
• Right to a trial by jury• Free speech• Freedom to petition
the government
• Principles:– LIMITED
GOVERNMENT & RULE OF LAW
– PROTECTION AGAINST TYRANNY
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Ancient Greece and Rome
• Direct and Indirect democracy– People participate in
governing (through voting)– Elected representatives
(republic)– Term limits– People and the
government work toward the common good
Principles:DEMOCRACYBALANCED GOVERNMENTLIMITED GOVERNMENT
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Enlightenment Philosophers• John Locke – The Social
Contract theory– The people and their
government enter into an agreement together. Both have responsibilities.
– The purpose of government is protect the natural rights of the people
– If the government fails to do so, the people have an obligation to change the government
• Baron de Montesquieu – separation of powers to safe guard against tyranny (creation of three branches of government)
• Principles:– POPULAR CONSENT– POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY– SEPARATION OF POWERS
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Declaration of Independence• Jefferson bases most of his
writing on the principles of John Locke’s Social Contract Theory– The purpose of government is
to protect the natural/unalienable rights of the people (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)
– If the government fails to do so, the people should change or get rid of their government and start a new one
– Popular consent: The government gets their power from the people and should seek their approval
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The Articles of Confederation
• Our first national plan of government
• Written by the 2nd Continental Congress in 1777; takes effect in 1781
• Based on a loose association, or confederation of states
• A very weak central gov’t– Only has a legislature– No power to tax– No power to enforce laws– No power to regulate
foreign trade
PRINCIPLES:
Protection against tyranny
Federalism: a system of government where powers are more evenly distributed between the state and national government including some shared powers