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The Amazonian forest sector and the adoption of sound forest management practices in the Brazilian Amazon Marco W. Lentini, M. Sc. Amazon program coordinator WWF Brazil

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Outline Forest management and legality in the Brazilian forest sector Our practical experience in the application of sound FM practices Context analysis: how much Brazil needs the development of a forest sector based upon the management of natural forests? Main perspectives and problems for a sustainable forest sector in Brazil

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Forest management and legality in the Brazilian forest sector Amazonian forest sector has a small economic contribution for the Brazilian forest sector, strongly based on plantation forests (< 5% of the value of forestry products exported by Brazil in 2011/12). In the Amazon, however, the forest sector is important for income and job generation (5% of the rural jobs in the region) Forest sector in the Amazon is largely illegal. Official control and monitoring systems are heavily susceptible to frauds. The pace of deforestation is starting to slow down, but the challenge is the implementation of a new forest code.

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Forest management and legality in the Brazilian forest sector Illegal logging tends to grow due to the fragility of control systems and the intense urbanization and consumption of basic goods within the Amazon (80% of the Amazonian population is urban and at least 20% of the timber production is consumed locally). That represents a risk for tax evasion, growth of informal jobs, and increase in local conflicts with rural populations. Illegal logging impoverishes forests and increase their likelihood to be deforested in a few years. Likelihood of being arrested by illegal logging is extremely low (< 1% of the cases) Great opportunities: concessions in public forests and land available for CFM.

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FSC certified area (MM hectares) A few forestry statistics: FSC Certified area Year Communities Plantations NTFPs Timber companies Source: FSC

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Public Forests under concession in the Brazilian Amazon Source: IMAZON, 2012

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A few forestry statistics: Chatham house, 2010

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Are under ilegal logging in the 2 major Amazonian state producers (k hectares) Year Source: IMAZON, 2012

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LabelEstimateSource Logwood production, 2012~ 13 MM m 3 Imazon, 2012 Area estimated by remote sensing as illegally logged (2011) 100 k haImazon, 2012 % of timber production generated under illegal logging 15%-85%- FSC certified (timber)1.2 MM haFSC, 2013 Concessions0.8 MM haSFB, 2013 Necessary area under FM for a sustainable timber sector 21-35 MM ha- Area available for concessions21,8 MM haSFB, 2014 Area available for CFM34 MM haSFB, 2009 A synthesis: probable illegality in the Amazonian forest secotor

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Our practical experience in the application of sound FM practices

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Brazil has the necessary tools and knowledge to do good forest management. Examples: Management systems: Celos, IFT/Imazon Some training facilities: IFT, Funtac, among others Technology: precision management Modeflora/Embrapa Brazil has the necessary extent of public lands to maintain sustainably the forest sector However, there is a lack of professionals to implement sound forest management

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13 Source: IFT

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% of quality Low Medium High Quality of the FMP evaluated in Par State (08/2007 07/2011) Source: IMAZON, 2012

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Source: Lentini et al., 2009 Estimated demand for trained professionals to address Conservation challenges in FM

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Major points in terms of sound FM application in the field Most timber CFM and company-based enterprises, even the legal ones, do not adopt entirely sound practices in the field Over time, this problem will compromise forest quality and its capacity in maintaining biodiversity and environmental services A sustainable timber sector can only be created from investments in practical training and the creation of specialists in critical areas, such as: Parataxonomists Forest technicians Working safety and ergonomy

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Context analysis: how much Brazil needs the development of a forest sector based upon the management of natural forests?

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Public forests in the Amazon Control of public lands. At least 75% of the Amazon is public lands. FM is a good strategy in a portion of these lands to conciliate long term sustainability and livelihoods. At least 2 MM people live on public forests in the Amazon Source: SFB, 2014.

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# of cattle individuals Source: INPE, 2014. Source: IMAZON, 2012 Curbing deforestation. Despite all investment from government in controlling and monitoring deforestation, it might increase again. Cattle ranching and large- scale agriculture are the main drivers. Valuing forests continue to be the best alternative against deforestation.

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The Brazilian Forest Code Enacted in 2012 Weakened conservation criteria Solving environmental liabilities (land registry) and restoration of forests In Brazil, goal of restoring 20 MM ha in 20 years Opportunity for compensation (concept of smart compensation in development by WWF Brazil)

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Establishment of a new forestry industry based on planted forests, both for production (pulp, charcoal) as for restoration liabilities. Need to implement a new forest industry based on natural forests while planted forests can assume this role in 20 years or more. Source: IMAZON, 2012

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Other factors Growth of Amazonian cities and middle-class population Stability of hydrological crisis in southeastern Brazil and productivity of commodities in center-western Brazil Long-term scarcity of planted forests for civil construction and energy in southeastern Brazil.

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Main perspectives for a sustainable forest sector in Brazil

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Compliance with the Forest Code and recovery of 20 MM hectares of forests in Brazil Legality issues: advancing with legal verification and tracking of timber production WWF/RAA Tropical timber roundtable New technologies (i.e., isotopes, near- infrared readers) Forest positive agendas in the states Achieving ZNND (zero-net deforestation and degradation)

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Thank you WWF.ORG.BR marcolentini@wwf.org.br