the age of oil—modern era begins ch. 20, sect. 1 continued
TRANSCRIPT
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The Age of Oil—Modern Era Begins
Ch. 20, Sect. 1 Continued
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Into the New Century
• In 1900 and 1901, two events involving water (Galveston Hurricane) and oil (Spindletop Gusher) had an impact in Southeast Texas. These events marked the start of a new Era – Age of Oil.
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OIL – TEXAS GOLD!
• Oil was discovered in 1900, only 100 miles from Galveston.
• Lyne T. Barret drilled the first well in Texas, a few miles from Nacogdoches.
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Oil – Texas Gold—continued
• To process the crude oil, Joseph S. Cullinan built a refinery at Corsicana – the first one west of the Mississippi River.
• He pioneered the method of using natural gas to heat homes, provide lighting; also using oil to power and run locomotives.
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Spindletop – the First Gusher
• On Jan 10, 1901 – at Spindletop, south of Beaumont, a gusher began shooting out 100,000 barrels of oil per day until it was capped 9 days later.
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Spindletop – continued• Overnight, Beaumont
became transformed, as oil prospectors and drillers flocked to the small city.
• Oil companies like Texas Company (later TEXACO) began, and within a few months, Beaumont’s population grew from about 9,000 to over 50,000.
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Oil Creates Texas Boomtowns
• Early boomtowns were noisy, dirty, crowded, and sometimes dangerous because some of the escaping gas fumes were deadly when inhaled.
• A new settlement near the refinery joined with Goose Creek and Pelly to become the prosperous Baytown.
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Oil Creates Texas Boomtowns--continued
• Other boomtowns included Humble! Oil was discovered here in 1904.
• The Humble Oil Company became the multinational corporation known as Exxon-Mobil.
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Houston Benefits from Oil Discoveries
• Houston became the center of the oil business industry.
• Petroleum companies needed the banking, insurance, transportation, and legal services Houston could provide.
• On Sept 7, 1914 – the Houston Ship Channel opened which allowed large ships and barges into the port.
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Lumber Booms in East Texas
• The oil boom in southeast Texas created a demand for products needed by oil companies – such as lumber to build the oil derricks and buildings.
• The derricks—high towers that held the drilling equipment—were made of wood.
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Lumber in East Texas – cont’d
• Lumber operations created thousands of acres of deforested land, which some people believed should be converted into farmland.
• Others, such as conservationists like W. Goodrich Jones urged replanting of pine trees for trees cut.
• Many Texas leaders urged the development of additional industries
• Brickmaking was a successful industry, which used local clay deposits to make high quality bricks.
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Dallas Dominates Central Texas
• By 1900, Dallas became the major city of central Texas. It also became the leading retail (sold directly to consumer in small quantities) center of Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico.
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Dallas Dominates Central Texas
• It became a center for shipping and storing cotton and other goods, and for banking, insurance, and legal services. Overall, Dallas developed into a white-collar (jobs not demanding physical labor) city.
• The Neiman-Marcus department store was established in 1907, and Sears Roebuck, a Chicago mail-order company, chose Dallas as its southwestern distribution center.