the age of exploration chapter 13. reasons for exploration war and the conquests by the ottoman...
TRANSCRIPT
Reasons for Exploration
War and the conquests by the Ottoman Turks reduced the ability to travel by land.
3 G’s – Gold, God, Glory
PortuguesePortuguese
Portugal takes the lead Portugal takes the lead in exploration. in exploration.
GoldGold– Southern coast of West Southern coast of West
Africa = Gold CoastAfrica = Gold Coast
SpiceSpice– Vasco da Gama (1498), Vasco da Gama (1498),
found route to India; found route to India; made HUGE profitsmade HUGE profits
Voyages to the AmericasVoyages to the Americas
SpainSpain– financed financed
ColumbusColumbus– 1492, reached 1492, reached
the Indies the Indies – Thought he had Thought he had
reached Asiareached Asia
Columbus and Queen Isabella
Columbus’s Map circa 1490
Line of DemarcationLine of Demarcation Spain & Portugal feared the other Spain & Portugal feared the other
would claim the new territorieswould claim the new territories Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas – Spain gets – Spain gets
west and Portugal gets east. west and Portugal gets east.
The Race is On!
John Cabot – explores New England coastline for England
Amerigo Vespucci – wrote letters and described what he saw
Hernan Cortes – conquers Aztecs Francisco Pizarro – conquers Incas
DiseasesDiseases
Forced labor, starvation, & Forced labor, starvation, & disease devastated the Native disease devastated the Native American populationAmerican population
– Mexico: 25 million to 1 millionMexico: 25 million to 1 million– Hispaniola: 250,000 to 500Hispaniola: 250,000 to 500
Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange
The exchange of plants and The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and animals between Europe and the Americasthe Americas
Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange Philippines becomes base for Philippines becomes base for
Spanish tradeSpanish trade English establish trade with India English establish trade with India
and SE Asiaand SE Asia Dutch form East India Company Dutch form East India Company
(Competed with English & (Competed with English & Portuguese) Portuguese) – Formed West India Company (trade Formed West India Company (trade
in the Americas)in the Americas)– Established colony of New Established colony of New
NetherlandNetherland English established English established
Massachusetts Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony (1600’s) – (1600’s) – becomes colonial becomes colonial empireempire
MercantilismMercantilism
a nation’s prosperity a nation’s prosperity depended on a large supply depended on a large supply of gold/silver b/c it gave a of gold/silver b/c it gave a country a favorable balance country a favorable balance of trade.of trade.
MercantilismMercantilism
Nations wanted a favorable Nations wanted a favorable balance of tradebalance of trade– Value of exported goods is greater Value of exported goods is greater
than the value of imported goodsthan the value of imported goods– Colonies become very Colonies become very
important!important!Sources of raw materials and Sources of raw materials and markets of parent country’s markets of parent country’s finished goodsfinished goods
The Slave TradeThe Slave Trade
Demand increased w/the European Demand increased w/the European voyages to the Americasvoyages to the Americas– Sugar cane plantations used slave labor Sugar cane plantations used slave labor
b/c disease had killed off the native b/c disease had killed off the native populationpopulation
Trading of slaves becomes a major Trading of slaves becomes a major export in the triangular trade (route)export in the triangular trade (route)
The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage
The journey to the Americas that was The journey to the Americas that was the middle leg of the triangular trade the middle leg of the triangular trade routeroute– 1616thth c. – 275,000 c. – 275,000– 1717thth c. – +1 million c. – +1 million– 1818thth c. - 6 million c. - 6 million– By the end of the slave trade (19By the end of the slave trade (19thth c.) c.)
over 10 million slaves were shipped over 10 million slaves were shipped from Africafrom Africa
The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage
Most slaves were war captivesMost slaves were war captives– Most were sold for gold, guns and other goodsMost were sold for gold, guns and other goods– Most Europeans never actually “captured” Most Europeans never actually “captured”
slaves b/c they believed it was too dangerous slaves b/c they believed it was too dangerous to go into the hinterland so, local traders to go into the hinterland so, local traders actually captured the slaves actually captured the slaves
Slave trade depopulated many African Slave trade depopulated many African communities – depriving them of their communities – depriving them of their youngest and strongest men and womenyoungest and strongest men and women