702831 Development of Western Architecturep

the Aegean connectionthe Aegean connection

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Colin McEvedy, The Penguin Atlas of Ancient History (Harmondsworth [Middlesex]1967), p 35

Dimini, Thessaly, c 3700-3300 BC: plan, from the excavations, and reconstruction

Donald Preziosi & L A Hitchcock, Aegean Art and Architecture (Oxford 1999), p 34Ioanna Phoca & Panos Valavanis, Rediscovering Ancient Creece: Architecture and City Planning (Athens 1999), p 13

the Aegean world, g ,2250 BC & 1600 BC

McEvedy, Penguin Atlas of Ancient History,pp 25, 31

Troy & the Troy & the megaronmegaronyy gg

TroyTroy(modern Hisarlik, Turkey)

Reconstruction of TroyIIG c 2300 BCIIG, c 2300 BC

Seton Lloyd Early HighlandSeton Lloyd, Early Highland Peoples of Anatolia (London

1967), p 35

early megaraearly megaraFlon , World Atlas of Archaeology, p 183

the megarongpart plan of Troy II, showing megarons and gates, c 2300 BC

Greek houses of the Middle Helladic period, 1900-1600:( )K k t i d (b) Ol i(a)Korakou, two superimposed, (b) Olympia

D S Robertson, Greek and Roman Architecture (2nd ed, Cambridge 1969), p 21A W Lawrence, Greek Architecture (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1957), p 54

the megaronBuilding C, Troy VI (c1800-1200 BC, with central column

Robertson, Greek and Roman Architecture, p 24

various megara from Syria, Bronze to early Iron AgeChristine Flon [ed], The World Atlas of Archaeology (London 1985), p 193

more sophisticated planning:suites of rooms, porticoes, staircases, p ,

Royal palace of Ebla, Syria, 3rd millennium BC: reconstructed from partial excavationsy p , y , p

Flon , World Atlas of Archaeology, p 183

KultepeKultepe & & BeycesultanBeycesultanpp yy

so-called ‘megaron’, Kultepe [or Kanesh] modern Turkey Late EarlyKanesh], modern Turkey, Late Early Bronze Age, c 2200 BC: probably

Luvian, and probably a templeplan and axonometricplan and axonometric

J G Macqueen, The Hittites (London 1986 [1975]), p 30Seton Lloyd, Early Highland Peoples of Anatoliay y g p

(London 1967)

Sophisticated planning: lti l l l ithmultiple levels, with

staircases; corridors; colonnaded courtyards

Palace at BeycesultanPalace at Beycesultan on the Upper

Meander (in the state f A ) dof Arzawa), modern

Turkey, C19th BC, Hittite: reconstruction

Ak l A i t Ci ili tiAkurgal, Ancient Civilizations, p 298

thethethetheHittitHittitHittitesHittites

Hattusas, the Hittite capital in Anatolia (northern Turkey), modern Bogazköy mainly c1400-1200 BC

view from the vicinity of the Sphinx GateMiles Lewis

Hattusas: plan

Akurgal, Ancient Civilizations, p 298

Hattusas:view and plan of the acropolis [‘Büyükkale’]

Miles LewisAkurgal, Ancient Civilizations, p 300

Hattusas: remains of building D,Büyükkale, C13th: view & plan

Miles LewisAkurgal, Ancient Civilizations, p 300

building D, Büyükkale, Hattusas, C13th

plan of surviving foundations;

i l i hreconstruction plan with columns; reconstructed

interior view.

Kurt Bittel, A Guide to Bogazköy(Ankara, no date), p 27

Anatolian building traditionstraditions

the modern the village of Alaça HoyükAlaça Hoyük

Miles Lewis

Temple of Hatti & Arinna, Hattusas,

C13th BC

view and section of the underground

pool, showing triangular corbelled

t ticonstruction

Macqueen, The Hittites, p 121

Temple of Hatti (weather god) and Arinna (sun goddess), Hattusas, C13th BCplan of the complex (left) and detail plan of the main temple building (right)

Henri Frankfort, The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1954), p 119Hugh Plommer, Ancient and Classical Architecture (London 1963), p 91

Temple of Hatti & Arinna Hattusas, C13th BC

plan of the complex; view of storage magazines, and

restoration of the masonry temple base

Henri Frankfort, The Art and Architecture of theHenri Frankfort, The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient (Harmondsworth [Middlesex]

1954), p 119Miles Lewis

Akurgal, Ancient Civilizations, p 305

sphinx from thesphinx from the Sphinx Gate,

Hattusas

Macqueen, The Hittites, p 140

Lion Gate, Hattusas

view & detail of one lion

Miles Lewis

City walls, Hattusas, reconstruction of portion, and modern viewMiles Lewis

Hattusas: section of wall and postern tunnel

Macqueen, The Hittites, p 67

postern tunnel, Hattusasouter doorway & interior view

Miles Lewis

Royal or King’s Gate, Hattusas, from inside

Miles Lewis

Hattusas, Royal Gate

view from outside, and reconstruction

Miles LewisMiles LewisPlommer, Ancient and Classical

Architecture, p 90

Chamber 2or Hieroglyph Chamber, H tt ? C13th BCHattusas, ?c C13th BC

detail of arch

Miles Lewis

HATTUSASHATTUSAS

Cthe ancient near east

Henri Frankfort, The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient (Harmondsworth [Middlesex] 1954), rear endpaper

CRETE

the Minoan civilisationthe Minoan civilisation[Crete]

Neolithic culture from 3000 B C

flowering of Minoan culture 1600-1400

the sacred bullbull’s head rhyton, or drinking horn, Herakleion Museum

’ f fbull’s head crenellation from the Palace of Knossos

Herakleion Museum, no 8Miles Lewis

the sacred labyros, or

double-headed axe carved in aaxe, carved in a

pillar at the Palace of

Knossos, before 1400 BC

Miles Lewis

Palace of King Minos, Knossos, mainly c 1600-1400 BC, reconstruction viewPalace of King Minos, Knossos, mainly c 1600 1400 BC, reconstruction view

unsourced: from a poster

Knossos, the stepped porticostepped portico,

restoration view by Costis Iliakis

t d Editi M tpostcard, Editions Moutsas

Palace of Knossos, planA W Lawrence, Greek

Architecture(Harmondsworth

[Middlesex] 1957), pp 32-3

Palace of Knossos, reconstruction of part of the west wing, facing the great courtBy F G Newton, reproduced in A J Evans, 'The Palace of Knossos and its Dependencies in the light of recent Discoveries and

Reconstructions', Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects, XXXVI, 3 (8 December 1928), p 96

Palace of Knossoslustral basin at the north-west entrance

entrance to the southern royal tombentrance to the southern royal tomb‘

Knossos' slide set, nos 1, 12

Palace of Knossosreconstructed westreconstructed west bastion of the north

entranceview & detail of the

entablature

Lewis, Architectura, p 239Miles Lewis

Palace of Knossos,Palace of Knossos,‘state apartments’

planplanstaircase from the central court

Plommer, Ancient and Classical Architecture, p 76'Knossos' slide set, no 4

Palace of Knossosthe King's private suite

cutaway axonometric viewcolonnaded portico

inner chamber

Plommer, Ancient and Classical Architecture, p 78

13,878 13,877

Palace of Knossos, king’s staircase

view of the topreconstructed elevation

Miles LewisMiles LewisRobertson, Greek and Roman

Architecture, p 15

Palace of Knossos, the Toreador fresco, c1500[now in the Herakleion Museum]

H W & Dora Janson, A History of Art (London 1962), p 60

Palace of Knossos, griffin frieze in relief[now in the Herakleion Museum]

Miles Lewis

Palace of Knossos, the throne room

Miles Lewis

Palace of KnossosDetail of the griffin fresco in the Throne Room

Lawrence, Greek Architecture, pl 6

P l f K ti f th t li f iliPalace of Knossos, portion of the stucco relief ceiling[now in the Herakleion Museum] and reconstruction.

comparative running spiral and banded meanderscomparative running spiral and banded meanders from a tomb at Deir al-Modina, Egypt, c 1200 BC

Mil L iMiles LewisLawrence, Greek Architecture [1957], pl 1B

Miles Lewis

Minoan period fresco of a townscape from Thera (Santorini)

Phoca & Valavanis, Architecture and Planning, p 19

faience plaques of houses from Knossos

Anna Michailidou, Knossos: a Complete Guide to the Palace of

Minos (Athens 2004), p 31

Tylissos House C (Middle Minoan(Middle Minoan IIIB- LM 1A/B), c

1600 BC, isometric d idrawing

Preziosi, Aegean Art, p 119

Model of a house from Arhanes, end of MM period, c1600 [Herakleion Museum]: views

& diagram

Miles Lewis; Phoca & Valavanis, Architecture and Planning, p 21; A W Lawrence [revised R A Tomlinson], Greek Architecture (5th ed, New Haven [Connecticut]

1996), p 1

model column frommodel column from Kaniniya, post palatial or

LM III, Herakleion Museum

Miles Lewis

the Mycenaean culturethe Mycenaean culturethe Mycenaean culturethe Mycenaean culturec 1400-1200 BC

on mainland Greece especiall M cenae &on mainland Greece, especially Mycenae & Tirynsy

Minoan characteristics, like the downward-tapering columntapering column

more primitive megaron planning

the Acropolis, Tiryns, c1300, with the 'Great Megaron' at the centreMegaron at the centre

plan and reconstruction

MUAS 15,653 11,011

Tiryns, alabaster frieze and other fragments from the Great MegaronRobertson, Greek and Roman Architecture, p 31

Tiryns, modern view of walls & restoration

MUAS 14,817 10,750

Mycenae, c 1400 BC: distant viewJeff Turnbull 1974

Mycenae, view and reconstruction

of the acropolis

MUAS 13,362, 11,011, , ,

Mycenae, plan of the acropolisMUAS 15,655

Mycenae, plans of the Palace and the House of Columns

Lawrence, Greek Architecture [1957], p 76, 74

Mycenae, entrance to an yunderground cistern

within the walls, c1350-13301330

Miles Lewis

Mycenae, royal grave circlegrave circle

modern view & reconstructionreconstruction

Jeff TurnbullJeff TurnbullLawrence, Greek Architecture

[1957], p 76

b d f M G Vbronze dagger from Mycenae, Grave V

MUAS 17,168

Lion Gate, Mycenae, c1250 BC

Lawrence, Greek Architecture[1996], p 49

detail of the Lion Gate, MycenaePreziosi & Hitchcock, Aegean Art and Architecture, p 187

ivory plaque for inlay decoration, House of the Sphinxes, Mycenae.

National Museum, Athens, no 7525view & reconstruction

Detail of the Lion Gate MycenaeDetail of the Lion Gate, Mycenae

Miles LewisPreziosi & Hitchcock, Aegean Art and Architecture, p 187

f t f fl t d l d h f d h lf lfragments of fluted column and chamfered half column. National Museum, Athens, nos. 7529, 7591

Miles Lewis

so called ‘Treasury of Atreus’ Mycenae c 1325so-called Treasury of Atreus , Mycenae, c 1325

MUAS 13,767

Treasury of Atreus view during the

initial excavation, and cutaway

diagram

Spiro Kostof [revised Greg Castillo], A History of

Architecture: Settings and Rituals(New York 1995 [1985]) p 104(New York 1995 [1985]), p 104

Talbot Hamlin, Forms and Functions of Twentieth-Century Architecture, I, The Elements of Building (New York 1952), p 308

Treasury of Atreus, plan and sectionRobertson, Greek and Roman Architecture, p 74

Treasury of Atreusyreconstruction elevation of doorway

fragments in the National Museum, Athens

L G k A hit t [1957] 60Lawrence, Greek Architecture [1957], p 60Miles Lewis

the Greek world in 670 BCdetail from McEvedy, Penguin Atlas of Ancient History, p 47