the adjective lost all its endings – no longer expressed distinctions of gender,number and case....
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The Renaissance1500-1650
181. The Adjective182. The Pronoun
Nor Syaliza - 174706
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The Adjective• The adjective lost all its endings – no longer expressed distinctions of gender,number and case.•16th centuries – form of comparative & superlative used – e.g lenger and strenger•Method used in comparative & superlative - -er and –est or with adverbs- more and most•Shakespeare used – more larger, most boldest•Two adjective or more syllables used more and most
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The Pronoun16th century was the century of the establishment of personal pronoun.
3 changes involved :
1. The disuse of thou,thy and thee
2. The substitution of you for ye as a nominative case
3. The introduction of its as the possessive of it
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1. The disuse of thou, thy, thee
Singular form of thou,thy,thee – used to address children or person of inferior rank
Plural form of ye,your,you – used as a mark of respect to address a superior
But later ye, your and you became the usual pronoun of direct address irrespective of rank or intimacy.
Men use th- forms & women use y- forms to reflect differences in power and status between genders
By Shakespeare’s time , the y- form replaced the th- forms for both men and women
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2. Substitution of you for ye as a nominative case
oYe – nominativeoYou – objective
oIn 14th century, you began to be used as nominative.
oLater ye appears for the objective cases.
oYe finally dissapeared.
oIn 17th century, you becomes the regular form for both cases.
Both are often pronounced alike as [ jə]
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3. New possessive neuter ( its)
Neuter pronoun in OE was declined hit,his,him and hit . The merge of accusative under hit in the ME become hit,his,hit.
In unstressed position , hit weakened to it
In modern period, it is used for subject and object
His remained the proper form of possessive
Nouns like stone’s and horse’s suggest the use of it’s for the possessive of it
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• Old English made use of definite article - the and that
• In 16th century who was used as a relative
Who as an indefinite pronoun Who as an interrogative in indirect questions
• The use of who as the relative pronoun is the contribution from the sixtieth century to our present day English language
The use of who as a relative